CB-MAC: a novel cluster-based MAC protocol for VANETs
Publication: IET Intelligent Transport Systems
Abstract
Due to relative mobility, topology changes rapidly with frequent link breakage in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Clustering VANETs into small groups limits channel contention and controls the network topology efficiently. In this study, a novel cluster-based medium access control (CB-MAC) protocol is proposed for VANETs. The cluster formation process is defined. Moreover, cluster head election and cluster merging processes are described for efficient communication in the cluster as well as out of the cluster. The mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11 standard is specially designed for only direct communications and is not suitable for cluster-based communications. Therefore, new control packets are introduced and the existing control packet format is modified to support cluster-based communications. For effective MAC protocol design, the request to send (RTS)/clear to send (CTS) mechanism is not used for safety messages which are of broadcast nature. On the other hand, the RTS/CTS mechanism is used for non-safety data delivery to eliminate hidden node problem. Markov chain model-based analytical model is presented to explore the performance of the proposed CB-MAC protocol. The proposed protocol is validated by numerical studies. The numerical results exhibit that the proposed CB-MAC protocol improves system performance and satisfies the delay constraint of 100 ms for safety messages.
8 References
1.
IEEE Std 802.11-2016: ‘IEEE standard for information technology – telecommunications and information exchange between systems local and metropolitan area networks – specific requirements – Part 11: wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications’, 2016
2.
IEEE 1609.4-2016: ‘IEEE standard for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) – multi-channel operation’, 2016
3.
Wang H., Liu R.P., Ni W., et al: ‘VANET modeling and clustering design under practical traffic, channel and mobility conditions’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2015, 63, (3), pp. 870–881
4.
Xu Q., Mark T., Ko J., et al: ‘Vehicle-to-vehicle safety messaging in DSRC’. Proc. 1st ACM Int. Workshop on VANET, Philadelphia, USA, October 2004, pp. 19–28
5.
Ma X., Zhang J., Yin X., et al: ‘Design and analysis of a robust broadcast scheme for VANET safety-related services’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2012, 61, (1), pp. 46–61
6.
Bharati S. and Zhuang W.: ‘Introduction’, in Shen X. (EDs.): ‘Link-layer cooperative communication in vehicular networks’ (Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2018, 1st edn.), pp. 1–7
7.
Karabulut M.A., Shah A.F.M.S., and Ilhan H.: ‘The effect of contention window size of the IEEE 802.11 DCF for VANETs’. Proc. IEEE 26th Signal Processing and Communication Applications (SIU), Izmir, Turkey, May 2018, pp. 1–4
8.
Bianchi G.: ‘Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function’, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 2000, 18, (3), pp. 535–547
9.
Malone D., Duffy K., and Leith D.: ‘Modeling the 802.11 distributed coordination function in nonsaturated heterogeneous conditions’, IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., 2007, 15, (1), pp. 159–172
10.
Karabulut M.A., Shah A.F.M.S., and Ilhan H.: ‘Performance modeling and analysis of the IEEE 802.11 DCF for VANETs’. Proc. IEEE 9th Int. Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT), Munich, Germany, November 2017, pp. 341–346
11.
Ma X., Chen X., and Refai H.H.: ‘Unsaturated performance of IEEE 802.11 broadcast service in vehicle-to-vehicle networks’. Proc. IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conf. VTC-2007 Fall, Baltimore, USA, October 2007, pp. 1–4
12.
Hassan M.I., Vu H.L., and Sakurai T.: ‘Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol for DSRC safety applications’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2011, 60, (8), pp. 3882–3896
13.
Wu Q. and Zheng J.: ‘Performance modeling of IEEE 802.11 DCF based fair channel access for vehicular-to-roadside communication in a non-saturated state’. Proc. IEEE ICC, Sydney, Australia, June 2014, pp. 1–4
14.
Karabulut M.A., Shah A.F.M.S., and Ilhan H.: ‘The performance of the IEEE 802.11 DCF for different contention window in VANETs’. Proc. IEEE 41st Int. Conf. Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP), Athens, Greece, July 2018, pp. 1–4
15.
Shah A.F.M.S. and Mustari N.: ‘Modeling and performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11P enhanced distributed channel access function for vehicular network’. Proc. IEEE Future Technologies Conf. (FTC), San Francisco, USA, December 2016, pp. 173–178
16.
Gas M., Kosek-Szott K., Natkaniec M., et al: ‘3D Markov chain-based saturation throughput model of IEEE 802.11 EDCA’, Electron. Lett., 2011, 47, (14), pp. 826–827
17.
Gosteau J., Kamoun M., Simoens S., et al: ‘Analytical developments on QoS enhancements provided by IEEE 802.11 EDCA’. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communications, Paris, France, June 2004, pp. 4197–4201
18.
Shankar R., Muthaiya A.T., Janvier L.M., et al: ‘Quality of service enhancement for converging traffic in EDCA based IEEE 802.11’. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Process Automation, Control and Computing, Coimbatore, India, July 2011, pp. 1–6
19.
Mukherjee S., Peng X.H., and Gao Q.: ‘Qos performances of IEEE 802.11 EDCA and DCF: a testbed approach’. Proc. IEEE 5th Int. Conf. Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Beijing, China, September 2009, pp. 1–5
20.
Yang F. and Tang Y.: ‘Cooperative clustering-based medium access control for broadcasting in vehicular ad-hoc networks’, IET Commun., 2014, 8, (17), pp. 3136–3144
21.
Yang F., Tang Y., and Huang L.: ‘A multi-channel cooperative clustering-based MAC protocol for VANETs’. Proc. IEEE Wireless Telecommunications Symp. (WTS), Washington, USA, April 2014, pp. 1–5
22.
Gao N., Tang L., Li S., et al: ‘A hybrid clustering-based MAC protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks’. Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop on High Mobility Wireless Communications (HMWC), Beijing, China, November 2014, pp. 183–187
23.
Su H. and Zhang X.: ‘Clustering-based multichannel MAC protocols for QoS provisionings over vehicular ad hoc networks’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2007, 56, (6), pp. 3309–3323
24.
Hafeez K.A., Zhao L., Mark J.W., et al: ‘Distributed multichannel and mobility aware cluster-based MAC protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2013, 62, (8), pp. 3886–3902
25.
Ucar S., Ergen S.C., and Ozkasap O.: ‘Multihop-cluster-based IEEE 802.11p and LTE hybrid architecture for VANET safety message dissemination’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2016, 65, (4), pp. 2621–2636
26.
Zhang M., Li C., Guo T., et al: ‘Cluster-based content download and forwarding scheme for highway VANETs’, China Commun., 2018, 15, (4), pp. 110–120
27.
Cooper C., Franklin D., Ros M., et al: ‘A comparative survey of VANET clustering techniques’, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, 2017, 19, (1), pp. 657–681
28.
Benslama M., Boucenna M.L., and Batatia H.: ‘Ad hoc networks: study and discussion of performance’, in Pujolle G. (EDs.): ‘Ad hoc networks telecommunications and game theory’ (John Wiley & Sons, London, UK, 2015), pp. 1–34
29.
Luan T.H., Ling X., and Shen X.: ‘MAC in motion: impact of mobility on the MAC of drive-thru internet’, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., 2012, 11, (2), pp. 305–319
Information & Authors
Information
Published in
Copyright
© The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
History
Received: 21 May 2018
Revision received: 17 September 2018
Accepted: 29 October 2018
Published ahead of print: 30 October 2018
Published online: 01 April 2019
Published in print: April 2019
Inspec keywords
Keywords
- CB-MAC protocol
- cluster-based medium access control protocol
- cluster-based MAC protocol
- VANET
- vehicular ad hoc networks
- relative mobility
- frequent link breakage
- network topology
- channel contention
- cluster formation process
- cluster head election process
- cluster merging process
- IEEE 802.11 standard
- request-to-send mechanism
- clear-to-send mechanism
- RTS mechanism
- CTS mechanism
- nonsafety data delivery
- Markov chain model-based analytical model
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Citing Literature
View Options
View options
Access content
Please select your options to get access
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.