The proliferation of smart TVs and the surge of broadcasting contents due to the effects of Internet broadcasting and the creation of comprehensive programming channels have provided an environment in which various programs can be selected and consumed by TV viewers today. However, it is very time-consuming for users to select the programmes that people want by identifying the contents of a large number of programmes. Therefore, it is necessary to study the recommendation of TV programmes with high user satisfaction based on the user's viewing history. However, the research to date does not consider how focused the programme was when generating a list of programmes viewed by the user. As a result, we recommend TV programmes with relatively low satisfaction by recommending TV programme without distinction between the TV programme and the TV programme. In this study, we propose a method to calculate the concentration of content consumption based on user's TV programme consumption pattern and to recommend smart TV programme based on it. In order to verify the proposed method, we compared the satisfaction with the existing method based on the TV viewing records of the top 100 who had many TV watching records.

We illustrate the principle of Digital satellite TV differential timing (DSTVDT) and propose an optimal weighting method that reduces the timing error introduced by satellite ephemeris error. A mathematical formula for the timing error introduced by satellite ephemeris error is derived and analyzed. On the basis of the derived formula, the proposed optimal weighting method based on multi-base stations is presented. The results of data simulation and experiments show that when the proposed method is applied, for a satellite ephemeris error of 10km, the ephemeris-introduced timing error is less than 10ns, which is important for improving accuracy and stability of the timing system.

In this study, an internal antenna integrated into a 49-inch TV model is presented, operating in the ultra-high frequency (UHF: 470‒771 MHz) band for signal reception in ultra-high definition television (UHD-TV) applications. The design of the proposed antenna has encountered major challenges such as relatively narrow impedance bandwidth, limited space, the effect of material properties, and the electromagnetic interference from the other components inside the TV that deteriorate the performance of the antenna considerably. The antenna is positioned directly on the bezel frame (made of polycarbonate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene: ԑ _r = 3.5, tan δ = 0.005) of the TV model as the substrate for the antenna. A monopole-type antenna is chosen to easily implement along the long side of the bezel frame in a very narrow spacing between the display and the casing of a TV (∼2.5 mm). Combined with a sleeve feed, tapered line, and parasitic strips, the proposed internal antenna exhibits a wideband impedance characteristics. The measured results show that a radiation efficiency of higher than 70% and a peak gain of 4.8 dBi are obtained over the operating frequency range of 430‒940 MHz (relative bandwidth of 75%), which cover the entire UHF band. These results indicate that the proposed antenna is very suitable for UHD-TV applications.

The Chapter begins with a discussion of the constraints and needs of video coding systems. The lack in flexibility of traditional monolithic codec specifications, not suitable to model commonalities among codecs and foster reusability among successive codec generations/updates, was the main trigger for the development of a new standard initiative within the ISO/IEC MPEG committee, called reconfigurable video coding (RVC). The MPEG-RVC framework exploits the dataflow nature behind video coding to foster flexible and reconfigurable codec design, as well as to support dynamic reconfiguration. The Chapter goes on to consider that the inherent resiliency of various functional blocks (like motion estimation in the high-efficiency video coding, HEVC) and the varying levels of user perception make video coding suitable to apply approximate computing techniques. Approximate computing, if properly supported at design time, allows achieving run-time trade-offs, representing a new direction in hardware-software codesign research. The main assumption behind approximate computing, exploited within video coding, is that the degree of accuracy (in this case during codec execution) is not required to be the same all the time. The final part of the Chapter attempts to put together the concepts addressed and remarks on which are, in the authors' opinion, some interesting research directions.

In multistatic passive radar systems, the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) can be used to select the optimal illuminator of opportunity so that it provides the best estimation accuracy for target parameters. In this Letter, the monostatic and bistatic modified Cramér–Rao lower bound (MCRLB) for the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) signal, which is the pervasive digital television signal of opportunity for North American passive radar systems, is derived using the relationship between the ambiguity function of a signal and its CRLB. It is shown that the derived bistatic MCRLB for the range and velocity measurements can be used to select the optimal illuminator that exhibits the lowest bounds at each region. Examples are provided in the Columbus, OH area where the Ohio State University passive radar is located.

Recently, in three-dimensional (3D) television, the temporal correlation between consecutive frames of the intermediate view is used together with the inter-view correlation to improve the quality of the synthesised view. However, most temporal methods are based on the motion vector fields (MVFs) calculated by the optical flow or block-based motion estimation which has very high computational complexity. To alleviate this issue, the authors propose a temporal-disparity-based view synthesis (TDVS) method, which uses the MVFs extracted from the bitstreams of side views and motion warping technique to create the temporal correlation between views in the intermediate position. Then a motion compensation technique is used to create a temporal-based view. Finally, the temporal-based view is fused with a disparity-based view which is generated by a traditional depth image-based rendering technique to create the final synthesised view. The fusion of these views is performed based on the side information which is determined and encoded at the sender-side of the 3D video system using a dynamic programming algorithm and rate-distortion optimisation scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the synthesised view with appreciable improvements in comparison with the view synthesis reference software 1D fast (VSRS-1D Fast) for several test sequences.

In the field of applied animal behaviour, video recordings of a scene of interest are often made and then evaluated by experts. This evaluation is based on different criteria (number of animals present, an occurrence of certain interactions, the proximity between animals and so forth) and aims to filter out video sequences that contain irrelevant information. However, such task requires a tremendous amount of time and resources, making manual approach ineffective. To reduce the amount of time the experts spend on watching the uninteresting video, this study introduces an automated watchdog system that can discard some of the recorded video material based on user-defined criteria. A pilot study on cows was made where a convolutional neural network detector was used to detect and count the number of cows in the scene as well as include distances and interactions between cows as filtering criteria. This approach removed 38% (50% for additional filter parameters) of the recordings while only losing 1% (4%) of the potentially interesting video frames.

On August 1^st, 2016, test satellite broadcasting of ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) was launched, which is transmitted with right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) in the 12-GHz band. Because every RHCP transponder is in use in Japan, left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) has been studied to provide multiple UHDTV programs. Satellite broadcasting using LHCP will start in 2018. The 21-GHz band has also been allocated as the downlink band for satellite broadcasting. To provide advanced services, such as 3DTV, a 21-GHz-band satellite broadcasting system has been studied. In this paper, we describe the development of advanced receiving antennas for 12and 21GHz-band satellite broadcasting.

Video content is increasingly being consumed on the move using mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets. In order to deal with the challenges of heterogeneity of network access technologies and fluctuating resources, which are inherent features of mobile communication, HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) is becoming the default technology for online video streaming. However, little research has been carried out to better understand the impact of handover schemes of the various mobility management protocols on the video quality of HAS. In this study, the authors present a comprehensive experimental measurement of the impact of handover on three representative HAS players. First, they implement three existing mobility management protocols, MIPv6, LISP-MN and PMIPv6, on a network testbed. Using the fluid flow mobility model, the impact of frequent handover on the average video quality, the bandwidth utilisation and stability of the players was investigated. Their results show a degradation of all the observed parameters in all the reviewed players.

Protest groups have sought to harness technology since the invention of the printing press, and it was the 1960s that saw the process go electronic. It's interesting, isn't it, that the hippie movement that emerged during 1967's Summer of Love is the first counterculture we think of in colour. Certainly, mods and rockers were fastidious about their appearance, but we remember them in blackand-white: archive footage of Bill Haley rockin' around the clock; grainy clips of scooters headed for Brighton; The Beatles' first movie, 'A Hard Day's Night'.