Hydroelectric power stations and plants
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- Electrical and electronic engineering [4]
- Power systems and applications [4]
- Generating stations and plants [4]
- Hydroelectric power stations and plants [4]
- Computer and control engineering [3]
- Computer applications [3]
- Engineering computing [3]
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- 1983 [4]
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The potential for sea-wave-energy exploitation is high in waters around the UK. Generating stations would typically be 2000 MW in rating, about 30 km long and be situated 10—15 km offshore, the energy being transmitted as electricity in submarine power cables. For such developments to be economic, a high degree of plant availability is necessary so that the maximum amount of energy can be converted and transmitted ashore. This requirement for high availability leads to the need for carefully designed protection and monitoring equipment. In addition, because the plant will be unmanned and because maintenance can be carried out only during short periods of the year, control, operating and monitoring philosophies must be developed, which may be quite different to those normally applied on land-based systems. In the paper, an approach is described which bases control, operating and maintenance around comprehensive condition monitoring of generating plant. Details are given of how information from such instrumentation can be used not only for health monitoring of plant, but also as an aid to operation and to scheduling and design of maintenance procedures.
The paper deals with some aspects of automatic generation control of the two-area hydrothermal system provided with classical controllers. A comprehensive procedure for continuous-and discrete-mode optimisation of integral controllers using an integral squared error criterion is suggested. Investigations reveal that the optimal integral gains achieved through continuous-mode analysis are totally unacceptable in the discrete mode for the sampling periods used in practice. Moreover, for all practical purposes, the optimum integral gains in the discrete mode can be achieved by neglecting the generation rate constraints from the mathematical model, in contrast to the case in the continuous mode. Analysis also highlights significant differences in the dynamic performance of the hydrothermal system due to step-load perturbation in either of the areas. An attempt is also made to recommend an optimum sampling period.
The paper presents a discussion on some of the engineering studies performed to determine the design parameters of the Itaipu convertor stations. The following studies are discussed: steady-state conditions, reactive-power compensation, insulation co-ordination and arrester protective scheme, current stresses, system stability, main characteristics of the master control, AC and DC filter and DC line resonance. For each of these study areas, the paper gives a summary of the study methodology used, indicates the main study results, and includes some of the system problems encountered and the solution adopted.
A method is presented for the accurate simulation of the hydraulic and mechanical aspects of a hydroelectric power-generating system. The representation is suitable for incorporation into an overall power-system model. In the development of the detailed model, the hydraulic equations are solved by the method of characteristics, and the hydromachine is represented by its performance curves. Linear turbine transfer functions are subsequently derived from the detailed model using the method of fast Fourier transforms. Comparisons are made between the formulations, and these show that the range of applicability of the approximate linear models is limited. Representative results from two practical systems are collected together to illustrate the use of the models in power-system studies.
