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The intensity and phase scattering patterns of a profile error-compensating mirror, 30 cm in diameter, have been computed at 34 and 68 GHz. The mirror had been used previously between 28 and 40 GHz to compensate for errors on the surface of a paraboloid 2.8 m in diameter. The results are compared with measured patterns and also the patterns needed to achieve maximum phase compensation. Good agreement was obtained between the measured and computed patterns. Generally the mirror compensated successfully for profile errors with correlation intervals greater than D/10. The residual phase differences between the required and computed patterns were consistent with those deduced previously from the performance of the complete compensated antenna. At 34 GHz they amounted to about 20° r.m.s., giving a shortfall in gain of (0.5 ± 0.3) dB. Results at 68 GHz suggest that the reflector could be operated efficiently at much higher frequencies.
A procedure is discussed for detecting dark streaks and spots (intensity anomalies) in a digital picture. The algorithm is insensitive to intensity cliffs and plateaux edges, and it can be finely ‘tuned’ to accept anomalies of a given size while rejecting others. It has been successfully applied to the detection of scratches on the internal surfaces of hydraulics cylinders and results were presented in an earlier paper. The present article discusses the properties of the algorithm and demonstrates its behaviour on a test picture.
The use of a microprocessor to control the synchronization of a low-data-rate spread-spectrum system is described. The microprocessor controls a voltage-controlled oscillator and sequence-generator, and carries out the correlation processes needed for the acquisition and tracking modes. Switching between modes is achieved by changing an interrupt vector.
The advent of the single-chip microprocessor has made possible the use of digital signal processing in low-cost communications circuitry. The all-digital approach has been used in a high-performance data modem for the transmission of burst messages through the voice channel of v.h.f. narrow band f.m. radio sets. The techniques used in this novel design of software modem are illustrated by reference to the version using coherent quadrature phase shift keying (q.p.s.k.) modulation and constraint length 48 convolutional encoding with sequential decoding.
The application of digital image systems to document handling in offices is currently limited by the high data transmission and storage costs. This paper describes a new method for encoding binary images of text or line drawings that achieves a high degree of data compaction in return for a small loss of fidelity. Typically, the compressed data stream is only two-thirds of the size of that produced by a reference algorithm employing a 3-pel predictor and a highly sophisticated error encoder. The input image is first processed by a thinning algorithm to extract the centrelines of the strokes that form the characters and lines. A tracking algorithm then connects neighbouring black picture elements into chains whose shapes and positions are encoded to produce the compressed data stream. Outline hardware implementations for the thinning and tracking algorithms are given.
Consideration is given to the suitability of microprocessor systems for the fast implementation of number theoretic transforms (n.t.t.s). Fast-multiply instructions available on some microprocessors, or the use of external multipliers, relax the basic constraints on the choice of a particular n.t.t. A search was made for suitable moduli which allow fast computation of n.t.t.s using Winograd's algorithm. The search was extended for other moduli which allow increased dynamic range when combined using the Chinese remainder theorem. Finally, a description is given of how modular arithmetic may efficiently be performed using microprocessors