The growing use of heavier and faster trains means that more consideration must be given to routine inspection of rails. Inspection trains, dual purpose road/track vehicles and hand held trolleys utilising ultrasonic, eddy current, alternating current field measurement (ACFM) or magnetic flux leakage sensors are the techniques which are currently employed in the rail industry. The vehicle mounted systems generally provide information on defect locations but provide less dependable data about defect sizes, which has to be ascertained by hand-held systems. However, the hand held systems require expert operators to interpret the collected data and, hence, are more costly and time consuming to use. Therefore, in order to address the requirements of higher axle weight and faster trains, the rail inspection system needs to be improved. In this research, a robotic system has been proposed for detection and characterisation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks on in-service rail tracks. The system consists of a mechanised trolley, an FS02N Kawasaki robot arm and a commercially available AMIGO ACFM system, supplied by TSC Inspection Systems. The RCF defects will be located while the ACFM sensor is fixed in position and the trolley moves at a controlled speed. The detected defects are then re-visited and the robot arm is utilised to perform a detailed scan over the defects (for characterisation) while the trolley is stationary. This paper summarises experimental results obtained when the trolley is stationary and the robot arm is used to survey the rail head. The results suggest that the proposed system has the potential to improve the quality of RCF crack characterisation and to be used autonomously to inspect the rail tracks. (6 pages)

A discussion of the method used and the results of a trial to assess the feasibility of using vibration and stress wave analysis for condition monitoring of the C21xx rail grinding fleet. The fleet consists of three trains, each comprised of two control cars, one fluids car and four grinding cars. The primary objective of the trial was to establish a method of condition-based assessment for the control car traction motor suspension tube assemblies. The secondary objective was to assess the value of using vibration and stress wave data to monitor the condition of other bearings and rotating elements. The results from the trial have identified a likely means of detecting worn suspension tube assemblies with the bogies in situ, and have also identified very early damage on the outer races of two axle bearings. Further testing is planned to corroborate the data obtained from this first study and to assess the condition of the control cars in the remainder of the fleet. (5 pages)

Electronic Embedded system based solution for automotive plays a dominant role in the automotive industries. Research work for displaying graphical images or text on wheel rims while the vehicle is running at presented. The very big challenge faced on implementation is without breakage of image and text displaying graphically with high resolution while the wheel rotating with different speed and different timings. This designed system had Memory and it has having the capability to upload Image and text depends upon what we integrated. This designed Device driver able to display virtually any image, including text, graphics, logos, and even digital photos when the wheel is on rotating. An Accurate time and speed of rotation of wheel for timeline is very important for proper display. To face this challenge to calculate their timeline analysis and correlation of speed of rotation to wheel must be done and Human perception timing analysis also should be carried out. All this analysis timing is carryout in this research work to face this challenge. This system design ensure with to maintain on how fast the vehicle is rotating there should be proper display of the Rims of the wheel . Thus design analysis of device driver development is associate with system and also Mechanical design with LED assembly.

The aim of this research is to identify problems at transition zones, also known as critical zones, which are between an open track and a super structure, by means of field monitoring. Data has been collected using vehicle-borne instrumentation, including bogie-mounted inertial sensors. The purpose of this research is to simultaneously measure the vertical displacement of mam" consecutive sleepers by means of sleeper mounted Positional Sensitivity Device (PSD) sensors and geophones connected via a Controlled Area Network (CAN) bus, which enables data transmission among multiple nodes. This paper summarises the initial work carried out with a prototype of the PSD sensor. PSD sensors were tested in the laboratory using different electronic components and fine tuned with a range of central frequencies using a programmable oscillator. In future work the sensor network will be deployed, which can cover up to 16 sleepers in a known critical zone to obtain data during the train passage. In addition, to supplement the constraints of each methodology, comparison tests between the PSD sensor and geophone sensors will be part of future work. (5 pages)

Methods for multibody modelling and simulation should accurately replicate the dynamic behaviour of rail-wheel interface including precise values for wheel-rail contact positions. This paper studies the development of a novel 3-D wheel-rail contact model which is used for dynamic simulation of a suspended wheelset with parameters listed for a typical Mark IV coach. The contact point locations on the wheel and rail are determined by the minimum difference method considering the lateral displacement, yaw angle and the roll angle. The proposed new 3D wheel-rail contact model can be applied in railway condition monitoring techniques to estimate the wheel geometry parameters and thus to achieve practical optimised wheel-rail interfaces. (6 pages)

Based on the results of isothermal compression test of IN690 super alloy for constitutive relationship and ring compression test for interface friction factor, a finite element model for Ni-based super alloy IN690 tube during hot extrusion process is established by using DEFORM-2D. High temperature, high speed and high load are considered in the model. Extrusion load in steady process for the typical size is in good agreement with the measured result. The extrusion load, billet temperature field, stress field, strain field and the strain rate field during deformation process are obtained. Simulation results show that extrusion process can be divided by upsetting, filling, steady-state extrusion and end-stage extrusion. Little change of temperature occurs in upsetting and filling stages extrusion. The maximum temperature increase of billet appears at peak load and stable value 50°C is obtained in steady-state extrusion. Temperature decrease of billet rises up as extrusion process goes on. The maximum of equivalent strain appears at peak load. The maximum equivalent stress increases rapidly to a peak value in initial stage, and rises up slowly in steady-state extrusion process. Equivalent strain and equivalent strain rate keep unchanged in steady-state extrusion.