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The need for fault tolerance in an aeroengine electric fuel control system
Author(s): B.C. Mecrow, D.J. Atkinson, A.G. Jack, S. Green, J.A. Haylock, J. Coles
Source: IEE Colloquium. Electrical Machines and Systems for the More Electric Aircraft, 1999, p. 9 - 9
Type: ConferencePaper
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There has been extensive research concerning electrical machines and drives for safety critical systems. This work has led to the production of fault tolerant machines which are shown to be capable of operating with a large range of winding and power converter failures. The work reported has concentrated upon an electric fuel pump system. There has been little discussion of the reliability calculations which indicate the necessity of a fault tolerant system. This is partly because the reliability data for both machines and power electronic converters is both incomplete and commercially sensitive. This paper presents those results which are available, showing that redundancy is essential for the case of a main engine fuel pump drive. The most successful design approach has resulted in a multiple phase drive in which each phase may be regarded as a single module. The choice of phase number must be a compromise: high phase numbers increase system complexity, but reduce the overall mass, since the mass of a redundant phase is reduced. This issue is also addressed. (5 pages)

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Operation of a fault tolerant PM drive for an aerospace fuel pump application
Author(s): J.A. Haylock, B.C. Mecrow, A.G. Jack, D.J. Atkinson
Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 5, 1998 , p. 441 - 448
Type: Article
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The paper discusses the design of a fault tolerant permanent magnet drive based on a 16 kW, 13000 rev/min aircraft fuel pump specification. A ‘proof of concept’ demonstrator has been built to this design and key parameters measured on the demonstrator drive are given. A novel current controller with near optimal transient performance is developed to enable precise shaping of the phase currents at high shaft speeds. A list of the most likely electrical faults is considered. Fault detection and identification schemes are developed for rapid detection of turn to turn faults and power device short circuit faults. Post fault control strategies are described which enable the drive to continue to operate indefinitely in the presence of each fault. Finally, results show the initially healthy drive operating up to, through and beyond the introduction of two of the more serious faults.

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Operation of a fault tolerant PM drive for an aerospace fuel pump application
Author(s): J.A. Haylock, B.C. Mecrow, A.G. Jack, D.J. Atkinson
Source: Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, 1997, p. 133 - 137
Type: ConferencePaper
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In many applications the failure of a drive has a serious impact on the operation of a system. In some cases the failure results in lost production, whilst in others it may jeopardize human safety. In such applications it is advantageous to use a drive capable of continuing to operate in the presence of any single point failure. Such a drive is termed fault tolerant and the development of a fault tolerant drive is the aim of the research presented. Previous work by B.C. Mecrow et al. (see Seventh International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives, Durham, UK, IEE, p.443-7, 1995) has introduced the concept of a fault tolerant permanent magnet (PM) machine drive for safety critical applications. This drive was based on a novel design of PM machine with a high per unit reactance to limit fault currents. It is shown by A.G. Jack et al. (see IEEE Trans. Ind. Appls., vol.32, no.4, p.889-95, 1996) that the torque and power densities of this PM drive exceed those possible with an SRM drive. This previous work was undertaken on a small prototype machine without a power electronic converter. A new drive has now been built and extensively tested. It uses a similar topology to the prototype machine and is designed to an aircraft fuel pump specification, requiring 16 kW at 13000 rpm. This paper reports the key design attributes and provides detailed measured parameters. The machine is controlled by a power electronic converter using a separate "H bridge" to drive each phase. The controller, implemented via a DSP, uses the measured machine flux linkage to provide robust current control with high dynamic performance.

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Fault tolerant drives for safety critical applications
Author(s): B.C. McCrow, A.G. Jack, D.J. Atkinson, J.A. Haylock
Source: IEE Colloquium on New Topologies for Permanent Magnet Machines, 1997, p. 5 - 5
Type: ConferencePaper
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This project has researched fault tolerant electric drives for safety critical systems, with particular emphasis on avionic applications. The following items of research have been undertaken: (i) a search for power electronic converter and electrical machine topologies which offer high functionality in the event of component failures, with the minimum use of redundant power devices and components; (ii) research into fault detection techniques that determine which components have failed and the manner of failure before fault propagation occurs; (iii) development of control methods which reconfigure power device switching strategies in the faulted drive in order to maintain drive integrity and performance; and (iv) use of hybridisation techniques to produce high power density, reliable hardware. The above topics are predominantly generic in nature, but have been demonstrated on a single converter and drive. The demonstrator application of a 16 kW, 13000 rev/min aircraft fuel pump drive has been chosen as a suitable mid power range drive which requires all of the above research items to be addressed. (7 pages)

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