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- C. Minarini [3]
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- P. Morvillo [3]
- R. Diana [2]
- R. Ricciardi [2]
In this work, we report the synthesis and the application of a low-temperature sol-gel In-doped zinc oxide (IZO) thin film with various indium content as an electron transport layer (ETL) for high efficiency inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). The IZO precursor was prepared by dissolving zinc acetate and ethanolamine in the 2-methoxyethanol in the presence of InCl3 at different concentration. Doped ZnO thin films were then deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates by spin coating the above solution and annealed at 150°C for 5' in air. Inverted polymer solar cells with the configuration ITO/IZO/photoactive layer/MoO3/Ag were realized in order to investigate the performance of the IZO thin film. The photoactive layer was a blend of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)] (PTB7-Th) and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM). We made a comparative study of the photovoltaic behavior of PSCs realized employing IZO films with various indium contents. The best efficiency of 9.27% was reached using a 1 at% IZO film. The improved performance of such device is due to the better charge collection efficiency of this ETL.
The performances and the stability of a polymer solar cell (PSC) mainly depend on the architecture of the device and the materials used for the fabrication (photoactive and interface layers and contacts). In this work we made a comparative study between standard and inverted PSCs having an identical pair of hole and electron transport layers: molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9dioctylfluorene)] (PFN), respectively. We realized devices using a blend film of poly[(4,8-bis-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2ethylhexanoyl)-thieno[3,4-b]thiopene)-2,6-diyl]/[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PBDTTT-C:[70]PCBM). The standard and inverted cells sequences were ITO/MoO3/PBDTTT-C:[70]PCBM/PFN/Ag and ITO/PFN/PBDTTT-C:[70]PCBM/MoO3/Ag, respectively. We studied the performances of both kinds of devices in order to investigate the influence of the architecture (standard vs inverted) on the performance of the solar cells. All the devices were characterized by IV light, IV dark and quantum efficiency measurements. The best device reached a power conversion efficiency of 6%. The inverted device has an improved current output compared to the standard one. In order to elucidate the absorption of photons inside the blend, we performed the optical modeling of the devices using the transfer matrix formalism and we simulated the effective absorption in the photoactive layer and the optical electric field inside the devices.
In this work we made a comparative study between the electrical performances of three different electron transport layers (ETLs), used to build inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). Two different metal oxides are prepared with a solution process: the first one is zinc oxide, prepared by a solgel procedure dissolving zinc acetate and ethanolamine in the 2-methoxyethanol, the second one is titanium oxide, prepared by spin coating a solution of commercial Titanium(IV)isoproxide in 2-methoxyethanol. The last ETL is an alcohol soluble conjugated polymer: poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,Ndimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)](PFN). Inverted PSCs with the configuration glass/ITO/ETL/ photoactive layer/MoO3/Ag were realized in order to investigate the performance of different ETL thin films. The photoactive layer was a blend of poly[(4,8-bis-(2ethylhexyloxy)-benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b'] dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt(4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-thieno[3,4-b]thiopene)-2,6-diyl] and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester. The best power conversion efficiency (6.4%) under simulated AM1.5G illumination of 100 mW/cm2, was achieved for the PSCs fabricated using a ZnO and PFN films.