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Volume 121
Issue 4
Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers
Volume 121, Issue 4, April 1974
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Volume 126 (1979)
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Volume 121, Issue 4
April 1974
Application of dispersive networks in data-transmission receivers
- Author(s): D.H. Forgan and J.P. Newsome
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 237 –244
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0045
- Type: Article
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The chirp-signal data-communication system, and the application in communication to civil aircraft via satellite relay, are outlined. A vital part of the receiver is the dispersive network, which processes the chirp signal; the problems encountered in the realisation and utilisation of this network are examined.
Decision-directed delay-lock loop using fast Fourier-transform crosscorrelation
- Author(s): S.S. Haykin and C.M. Thorsteinson
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 245 –248
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0046
- Type: Article
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A decision-directed delay-lock loop is described using the fast Fourier transform (f.f.t.) for cross-correlation, together with decisions based on maximum likelihood. The f.f.t. produces a complete set of lagged products of the received echo and the delayed replica of the transmitted signal. This enables the loop to realise a wide dynamic range. Another useful feature of the loop is that it has the ability to detect unlocking and to switch automatically between the modes of acquisition, tracking, and detection of unlocking and reacquisition.
Use of practical circuits switched with alternating polarity
- Author(s): Z. Singer and M.S. Erlicki
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 249 –251
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0047
- Type: Article
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The paper describes several circuits, which include subsystems switched with alternating polarity. Practical applications are shown. The analysis of such circuits is presented in a companion paper (Proc. IEE, 1974, 121, (2), pp.(88–90). The circuits considered in the paper are for a high-power oscillator, for power-factor control by means of a switched coil, and for load-power regulation by means of a switched capacitor.
Theory of cylindrical monopole antennas immersed in conducting media
- Author(s): B.D. Popović
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 252 –254
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0048
- Type: Article
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The finite-size belt-generator representation of coaxial-line excitation is used for analysis of cylindrical monopole antennas driven by a coaxial line and immersed in a conducting medium. Whereas the existing theories are inaccurate for σ/ωε > 1, the results for admittance and current distribution obtained by the present theory are in excellent agreement with available experimental results for all the conductivities of the medium.
Polynomial approach to study of single-ring circular antenna array
- Author(s): A. Gerin
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 255 –256
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0049
- Type: Article
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The antenna arrays considered consist of identical parallel dipoles equally spaced around, and perpendicular to, a circle. The method of polynomial decomposition used to determine the phase sequence currents has proved to give excellent results. Moreover, the accuracy of the results can be very easily increased by simply increasing the order n of the polynomial. The other main advantage of the method over the other existing methods is its very simple programming logic. A comparison of theoretical and experimental results is presented.
Effect of scattering by rain on radiometer measurements at millimetre wavelengths
- Author(s): A.M. Zȧvody
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 257 –263
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0050
- Type: Article
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Scattering by rain is often neglected when evaluations of attenuation are made from aerial-noise temperatures observed by radiometers. Calculations show that values may be significantly low if the attenuation is assumed to be due only to absorption in the rain. Curves are given for estimating errors at frequencies of 37, 72 and 110 GHz.
Analytical expression for prediction of F0E for solar zenith angles 0–78°
- Author(s): S.S. Kouris and L.M. Muggleton
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 264 –268
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0051
- Type: Article
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The results of a statistical investigation of the variation of E-region critical frequency f0E with solar activity, solar zenith angle and season, are synthesised to obtain a describing function of f0E in terms of geographic latitude, solar zenith angle and 10°7 cm solar radio-noise flux, for the design of ionospheric transmission paths. The reliability of the f0E expression is assessed by comparing predicted and observed values at various stations, and the standard error of estimate is determined.
Thyristor chopper control and the introduction of harmonic current into track circuits
- Author(s): T.J. Lowe and B. Mellitt
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 269 –275
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0052
- Type: Article
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Alternating currents will generally be present in a d.c. traction supply owing to the action of synchronously switched power-control equipment and also to the presence of mains-frequency-harmonic voltage ripple. This paper describes the factors that determine the magnitude and frequency of such current in the power rails, for various conditions of d.c.-chopper operation. Models that describe the introduction of harmonic current into track circuits are developed from power-circuit considerations, and theoretical predictions are compared with practical results obtained from measurements undertaken by London Transport. The use of multiphase chopper equipments to reduce the size of the input filter is considered, and it is shown that, when normal-load unbalance conditions are considered, no advantage is gained by using more than two phases.
Field-theory analysis of saturation harmonics in induction machines
- Author(s): M.J. Lees and C.E. Tindall
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 276 –280
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0053
- Type: Article
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276
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The amplitudes of saturation harmonics in an induction machine are evaluated by performing a nonlinear field calculation over a radial cross-section of the machine. The approach is more direct than existing methods, and has certain advantages with regard to convenience and accuracy. Overrelaxation is used to solve the field equations, and particular attention is paid to the problems that arise from the introduction of variable permeability into this procedure.
Approximate frequency-response values for transmission-line transient analysis
- Author(s): R.G. Wasley and S. Selvavinayagamoorthy
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 281 –286
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0054
- Type: Article
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To reduce computational effort when evaluating the transient response of multiconductor transmission lines, a simplified means of obtaining frequency responses is described. The method employs the concept of frequency-independent modal matrices, and in this respect involves an approximate application of the theory of natural modes. Together with the modified Fourier transform, it is used to provide the transient-response characteristics of typical line configurations found in practice. Furthermore, these results are compared with those obtained more precisely, so as to indicate the high order of accuracy that is possible.
Laboratory tests of self-cleaning properties of polluted high-voltage insulators
- Author(s): J.L. Diesendorf and T.M. Parnell
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 287 –292
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0055
- Type: Article
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The ability of insulators in a polluted environment to benefit from rain washing may significantly influence their service performance. A number of laboratory tests designed to assess self-cleaning properties were applied to a selected group of insulators. Orders of merit based on various criteria have been compared and found to differ with variations in test procedure. It is concluded that no single test can be prescribed at this time. It is recommended that future laboratory investigations be based on an analysis of data on the rain washing of insulators in service and in natural-pollution testing stations.
Discussion on “Calculation of the external thermal resistance of buried cables through conformal transformation” and “Moisture control of cable environment with particular reference to surface troughs”
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 293 –298
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0056
- Type: Article
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293
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Stability study of controlled rectifiers using a new discrete model
- Author(s): R. Prajoux ; P. Thierry ; J. Jalade ; J.P. Sucena-Paiva ; L.L. Freris
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 299 –300
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0057
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Large a.c. motors
- Author(s): J.C.H. Bone and K.K. Schwarz
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, page: 300 –300
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0058
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Rectifier action with constant load voltage: infinite-capacitance condition
- Author(s): M. Hancock
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, page: 300 –300
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0059
- Type: Article
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Relay control of undamped linear systems using Lyapunov's second method
- Author(s): J.M. Gething and K.F. Gill
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 301 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0060
- Type: Article
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A method is presented for the application of Lyapunov's second method to the synthesis of relay-control systems for plants that have undamped responses. A technique is presented for overcoming the problems associated with the solution of the Lyapunov matrix equation when the plant eigenvalues have zero real part. The method is applied to the attitude control of a flexible space vehicle.
Analysis of nonlinear time-varying discrete systems by the use of multidimensional Z transforms
- Author(s): N.C. Jagan and R.C. Desai
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 307 –309
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0061
- Type: Article
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p.
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Two methods based on the functional approach are presented for the solution of nonlinear time-varying discrete systems. The first method is based on the successive-approximation method due to Higgins and Ridings, and the second method is based on the technique proposed by Bansal for nonlinear continuous systems. In both the methods, the analysis is carried out in the multidimensional Z domain. They yield analytical expressions for the approximate transient response, and hence afford considerable insight into the physical system. Moreover, these methods are simple and straightforward in their application.
Computer-aided design procedure for reduced-order observers
- Author(s): N. Munro and A.I. Vardulakis
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 4, p. 310 –312
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0062
- Type: Article
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p.
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