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Volume 121
Issue 2
Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers
Volume 121, Issue 2, February 1974
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Volume 126 (1979)
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Volume 125 (1978)
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Volume 124 (1977)
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Volume 123 (1976)
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Volume 122 (1975)
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Volume 121 (1974)
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Volume 120 (1973)
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Volume 112 (1965)
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Volume 111 (1964)
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Volume 121, Issue 2
February 1974
Active simulation of floating lossy inductances
- Author(s): D.R. Wise
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 85 –87
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0014
- Type: Article
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p.
85
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Some general rules concerning the simulation of floating impedances using immittance-convertor circuits are introduced, and used to derive RC-active circuits for simulating floating inductances in series or in parallel with resistances. These circuits require only two operational amplifiers to produce a single floating lossy inductance. Practical examples are given of these methods applied to the synthesis of economical low-sensitivity active filters.
Analysis of systems switched with alternating polarity
- Author(s): Z. Singer and M.S. Erlicki
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 88 –90
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0015
- Type: Article
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p.
88
–90
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An original approach for the analysis of switching-control circuits is described. A new transformation method is introduced to simplify the calculations. This method is especially suitable for switching that is not synchronised with the frequency of the mains supply. Practical uses of such circuits are described in a companion paper.
Formulation of the sensitivity function using signal-flow graphs
- Author(s): Cevdet Acar
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 91 –94
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0016
- Type: Article
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p.
91
–94
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An equation is obtained which gives the derivatives of the graph transfer functions with respect to a parameter of interest when the parameter is the transmittance of many branches and when the graph transfer functions are in the bilinear form of the parameter. This equation is useful for evaluating the sensivity functions of active RLC network functions by variation of the passive or active parameters of interest.
Design of a high-efficiency v.h.f. double-sideband diminished-carrier transmitter having low spurious emission
- Author(s): V. Petrovic and W. Gosling
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 95 –100
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0017
- Type: Article
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95
–100
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Interest has recently been shown in the use of d.s.b. diminished carrier for the mobile land radio service. Difficulties in the design of a suitable transmitter employing a conventional exciter-amplifier technique are described. A method that overcomes these difficulties is discussed, and a suitable design presented. A transmitter capable of delivering 38 W peak envelope power with an 18 V supply has been built. The spurious responses close to the wanted sidebands, were almost one order of magnitude lower than can be achieved with the conventional exciter/linear-amplifier technique. Power efficiency was also greatly improved.
Capacitively loaded thin cylindrical antenna
- Author(s): B.D. Popović and M.B. Dragović
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 101 –108
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0018
- Type: Article
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101
–108
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Extensive experimental and theoretical results are presented for thin cylindrical antennas with lumped capacitive loadings along their length. The capacitive loading is in the form of a narrow gap between two sections of the antenna. Experimental curves for the gap capacitance against gapwidth are presented, and these values are used in calculating current distribution along the antenna and its admittance. The agreement between experimental and theoretical results indicates that, with the construction proposed, it is possible to make a capacitively loaded antenna that has properties quite close to those predicted by the theory.
Unified theory of digital modulation
- Author(s): M.J. Hawksford
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 109 –115
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0019
- Type: Article
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109
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A theory of signal quantisation is developed from first principles that describes quantisation using analogue-modulation techniques. The nonlinearities, which are fundamental to digital source encoding, are expressed by two sampling processes, which directly lead to solutions in terms of amplitude and phase modulation. The analysis derives a related set of mathematical models that deter mini stically describe the input/output transfer characteristics of uniform and nonuniform p.c.m., uniform delta modulation (d.m.) and uniform d.p.c.m.
Gain of an idealised Yagi array
- Author(s): R.G.T. Bennett and D.G. Reid
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, page: 116 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0020
- Type: Article
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116
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Braking torque on rotating sheet in stationary magnetic field
- Author(s): D. Schieber
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 117 –122
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0021
- Type: Article
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117
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The braking torque, that acts on a nonmagnetic metal disc of radius a rotating at constant speed in a nonuniform magnetic field, is determined. Solutions are obtained by means of an electromagnetic analogy and by direct integration of the relevant differential equation. Comparison with experimental results is provided.
Dynamic model of impulse characteristics of concentrated earths
- Author(s): A.C. Liew and M. Darveniza
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 123 –135
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0022
- Type: Article
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A dynamic model to describe the nonlinear surge-current characteristics of several concentrated earths has been developed. The model accurately accounts for the surge behaviour of these earths on a time-to-time basis, in soils with resistivities ranging from 5000 Ω cm to 31 000 Ω cm. This results in a significant improvement over the previous methods used to describe them. The use of the new model for studies of concentrated earths at high lightning currents reveals that greater surge reduction factors than was previously assumed can be expected. This study serves to overcome previous difficulties in having to extrapolate values from meagre experimental results.
Surge propagation on Japanese 500 kV untransposed transmission line
- Author(s): A. Ametani ; T. Ono ; Y. Honaga ; Y. Ouchi
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 136 –138
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0023
- Type: Article
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136
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The propagation characteristics of various surges on a 500 kV untransposed transmission line in horizontal array are described, and the test data are compared with computer results. Interesting phenomena are observed at the wavefronts of surge waves in the field test, and these are substantiated both analytically and by computer calculation.
Optimal planning of power networks using mixed-integer programming. Part 1: Static and time-phased network synthesis
- Author(s): R.N. Adams and M.A. Laughton
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 139 –147
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0024
- Type: Article
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A mixed-integer linear programming approach to the planning of electrical-power networks is described. The method is based on an interpretation of fixed-cost transportation-type models, and includes both network security and costs of network losses. Both single-period and multitime-period planning problems are considered. A large general-purpose mathematical programming system is used to obtain solutions using branch-and-bound algorithms, and the practical aspects of organising the problems and controlling the branch-and-bound tree search within a modern m.p.s. package are discussed. Three case studies are presented for illustration: the optimal design of a 132 kV subtransmission system, the optimal time-phased design of the same system over. eight years, and the optimal layout and cable selection for a new housing-estate low-voltage network. The paper concludes by indicating potential further applications of the method for scheduling, for example, new plant at substations.
Measurement of some dynamic characteristics on overhead equipment for railway electrification
- Author(s): S.J. Yang
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 147 –148
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0025
- Type: Article
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147
–148
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Field mapping using a computer: compensation for infinite space
- Author(s): P.A. Einstein
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 149 –153
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0026
- Type: Article
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p.
149
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The paper describes a development of the concept of the matching field to compensate for the finite boundary in the mapping of Laplacian-type fields. Items located in infinite space can be transposed into the enclosed matching field by using a ‘spatial transformation’ formula. The method permits the accurate mapping of local regions of interest, and some practical examples are given.
Electrical resistance of an insulating surface under artificial rain
- Author(s): F.A.M. Rizk
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 154 –160
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0027
- Type: Article
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p.
154
–160
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In this paper, a method is developed to calculate the steady-state surface resistance of an inclined rectangular insulating plate under artificial rain in terms of both the rain and plate characteristics. The factors involved include the rain intensity, the resistivity, the precipitation angle and the velocity (drop size) as well as the plate length, the inclination and the surface roughness. A digital-computer program has been developed and used to investigate the effect of these variables on surface resistance over a wide range of the parameters in question. Furthermore, surf ace-resistance measurements are carried out on glass plates of different lengths and inclination, subjected to artificial rain with different intensities and resistivities. In general, the agreement between theory and experiment is found to be satisfactory.
Impulse-voltage breakdown of cold pressurised helium
- Author(s): B.G. Williams
- Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 121, Issue 2, p. 161 –164
- DOI: 10.1049/piee.1974.0028
- Type: Article
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p.
161
–164
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Experiments on impulse breakdowns between uniform-field electrodes in helium are described. The breakdown fields of gaps from 1.27 to 6.35 mm are reported for helium conditions varying from 4.5 to 10 K and 0.395 to 0.82 MPa, corresponding to a density range from 25 to 140 kg m−3. Comparisons with published direct-voltage breakdowns are made and the mechanisms discussed.
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