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Online ISSN 1750-0443

Micro & Nano Letters

Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2010

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Volume 5, Issue 3

June 2010

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    • pH controlled synthesis of silver nanorods and nanodisks
      • Author(s): Youyi Sun ; Binghua Yang ; Wei Cai ; Yaqing Liu ; Zhao Guizhe ; Qijin Zhang
      • Source: Micro & Nano Letters, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 162 –164
      • DOI:  10.1049/mnl.2010.0028
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 162 –164 (3)
        One-dimensional silver nanorods and nanodisks have been successfully synthesised through a facile method of the polymer template-assisted synthesis. The sample was characterised by a variety of techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scan electron microscopy (SEM) and a UV–vis spectrometer. The as-obtained nanorods and nanodisks are single crystalline with an average size of about 150 nm up to 500 nm. During the whole process, the capping stabiliser (PDMAEMA-b-PVP) and pH played important roles in the growth of the nanorods and nanodisks. A possible growth mechanism was proposed.
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      Development of nanocrystalline nickel by pulse reverse microelectroforming
      • Author(s): Ligeng Shao ; Liqun Du ; Liding Wang
      • Source: Micro & Nano Letters, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 165 –170
      • DOI:  10.1049/mnl.2010.0037
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 165 –170 (6)
        Pulse reverse microelectroforming is proposed in order to improve mechanical properties of nanocrystalline metal deposits. Under different positive and negative current conditions, nanocrystalline nickel deposits were synthesised by pulse reverse microelectroforming. The reason why the grain sizes of deposits were decreased in pulse reverse microelectroforming was analysed. While positive current density exceeds 10 A/dm2, the average grain size of the pulse reverse deposit is smaller than that of the pulse deposit at the same positive pulse current, and the microhardness of the pulse reverse deposit is improved compared with that of the pulse deposit. Pulse reverse current microelectroforming may be applied to synthesise refined nanocrystalline metal microstructures.
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      Fabrication of zinc sulphide hierarchical hollow spheres with photocatalytic property by a mild organic acid-assisted route
      • Author(s): JunYan Gong ; ZhiAn Cai ; DongEn Zhang ; XiaoBo Zhang ; Chao Liu ; ZhiWei Tong
      • Source: Micro & Nano Letters, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 171 –174
      • DOI:  10.1049/mnl.2010.0036
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 171 –174 (4)
        Large quantities of zinc sulphide hierarchical hollow spheres were successfully obtained by a mild organic acid-assisted route using zinc chloride anhydrous and thiourea as precursors. Malonic acid played a key role as a structure-directing agent in driving such hierarchical hollow spheres structures. Certain amounts of malonic acid are necessary in formation of zinc sulphide hierarchical hollow spheres. The photocatalytic properties of as-synthesised zinc sulphide hierarchical hollow spheres have been studied, which shows an excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B under ultra-violet.
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      Potassium iodide-assisted polyol route synthesis of monodisperse silver nanospheres
      • Author(s): Zhong Chun Li ; Quan Fa Zhou ; Jian Hua Sun
      • Source: Micro & Nano Letters, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 175 –177
      • DOI:  10.1049/mnl.2010.0033
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 175 –177 (3)
        Monodisperse silver nanospheres have been synthesised in high yield by a developed polyol process, in which silver nitrate (AgNO3) was reduced by ethylene glycol (EG) with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and potassium iodide (KI). Both the KI concentration and reaction temperature are crucial for the morphologies and diameter distribution of silver nanostructures. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction have been employed to characterise silver nanoparticles. The role of KI for the formation of monodisperse silver nanospheres has been discussed by taking into account the formation of silver iodide (AgI) as seeds.
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      Interfacial polarisation on gallium arsenide membranes
      • Author(s): T. Prodromakis ; G. Konstantinidis ; C. Papavassiliou ; C. Toumazou
      • Source: Micro & Nano Letters, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 178 –180
      • DOI:  10.1049/mnl.2010.0008
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 178 –180 (3)
        An investigation on the dielectric properties of gallium arsenide membranes is presented. Particularly, the authors exploit the interfacial polarisation effect of microstrip and coplanar transmission lines on multilayered membrane structures. Such structures are in favour with the Maxwell–Wagner polarisation, which can be used for resembling the dielectric characteristics of high-k materials. The authors demonstrate a technique for attaining large slowing factors while the corresponding dielectric losses are significantly reduced.
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      Economical and simple fabrication of rod-like hydroxyapatite nanocrystal with good dispersity and crystallinity
      • Author(s): Kui Wang ; Ying Cao ; Lin Yang ; Hua-Jie Wang
      • Source: Micro & Nano Letters, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 181 –183
      • DOI:  10.1049/mnl.2010.0041
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 181 –183 (3)
        The homogeneous hydroxyapatite rod-like nanocrystal was prepared through an economical and simple route under gentle conditions by the aqueous chemical method. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) displayed that the products were well-dispersed nanorods. The diameter of the nanorods was 4±0.1 nm and the length was 20±0.8 nm. The corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis demonstrated that the products were crystalline. Additionally, both X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated the characteristic peaks of hydroxyapatite. Moreover, the energy dispersive system (EDS) analysis demonstrated the Ca/P ratio of the product was 1.67, which was in consistent with commercial hydroxyapatite.
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      Development and characterisation of freeze-dried liposomes containing two anti-asthma drugs
      • Author(s): A.M.A. Elhissi ; M.A. Islam ; B. Arafat ; M. Taylor ; W. Ahmed
      • Source: Micro & Nano Letters, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 184 –188
      • DOI:  10.1049/mnl.2010.0032
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 184 –188 (5)
        Stable liposomes that offer a potential for pulmonary delivery have been developed and characterised. Freeze-dried soya phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol (1:1) small unilamellar liposome vesicles were prepared with salbutamol sulphate (SS) and beclometasone dipropionate (BDP), being included within separate or same formulations, and in presence or absence of a cryoprotectant. The cryoprotectants used were sucrose and trehalose in 5:1 or 10:1 (w/w) cryoprotectant to lipid ratio. Size analysis was performed using photon correlation spectroscopy and surface charge (zeta potential) was measured using laser Doppler velocimetry. Inclusion of a cryoprotectant prior to freeze-drying minimised the increase in the measured size on rehydration, with sucrose being superior to trehalose. When both SS and BDP were included, the rehydrated liposomes had the smallest size, being below 100 nm using sucrose and below 136 nm using trehalose. The zeta potential of the liposomes was slightly increased after freeze-drying and was highly independent on formulation. This study has demonstrated the possibility of producing stable freeze-dried liposomes that included two anti-asthma drugs and also demonstrated a potential for application in pulmonary delivery.
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      Resistivity dependence of gauge factor of polysilicon strain gauge
      • Author(s): Y. Kim  and  S. Kwon
      • Source: Micro & Nano Letters, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 189 –192
      • DOI:  10.1049/mnl.2010.0031
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 189 –192 (4)
        A method to estimate the gauge factor of a polysilicon strain gauge at the wafer level is proposed. It is difficult to measure the gauge factor of a polysilicon strain gauge formed on the silicon diaphragm of a mechanical transducer because the polysilicon strain gauge is integrated into the diaphragm. The authors fabricated polysilicon strain gauges of various shapes and implanted with various concentrations of boron, and measured the gauge factor of each strain gauge. In the experimental results, the gauge factors are calculated by multiplying the resistivity coefficient of gauge factor (RCGF) determined by the boron concentration and resistivity of the polysilicon strain gauge. The authors also determined the RCGF of the polysilicon strain gauges implanted with boron concentrations of 1.0×1019, 1.5×1019 and 1.0×1020 cm−3.
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      Continuous dispersion and size control of gas-phase fullerene C60 particles using a simple method
      • Author(s): H. Kobara ; F. Ito ; T. Iwakami ; M. Tamiya ; A. Wakisaka
      • Source: Micro & Nano Letters, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 193 –195
      • DOI:  10.1049/mnl.2010.0042
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 193 –195 (3)
        C60 aggregates generated by sublimation were characterised using scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and cavity ring-down (CRD) spectroscopy. Sublimation under dried nitrogen atmosphere resulted in aggregates with a mode diameter ranging from 30 to 60 nm. The authors found the size reduction of the aggregates upon humidification of the carrier gas. CRD spectroscopy enabled on-line monitoring of C60 structure that composed particles and showed no chemical modification of the sublimation product in the presence of water molecules. The authors concluded that the heat balance was modified in the presence of water, thereby the size of the aggregates was reduced.
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