The Journal of Engineering
Volume 2019, Issue 23, December 2019
Volumes & issues:
Volume 2019, Issue 23
December 2019
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- Author(s): Wei Chong ; Wenhua Lyu ; Zeqiang Bian ; Lei Ding ; Songkui Li ; Tao Zeng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8505 –8507
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9042
- Type: Article
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Sunshine duration is an important variable in surface meteorological measurement. In this article, two methods for measuring sunshine duration are described, one is photovoltaic-based instrument, which ranges from 400 to 1100 nm, and the other is thermopile-based pyrheliometer, which ranges from 300 to 3000 nm. Due to the spectrum is more representative and accuracy for solar radiation, the pyrheliometer is recommended as the reference sensor for the detection of the threshold irradiance for defining the sunshine duration. The comparison between the photovoltaic- and thermopile-based instruments is carried out to uncover the spectral influence on sunshine duration measurement, analysis by the SMARTS tool is presented to calculate irradiance with different spectral ranges under different altitudes.
- Author(s): Guoxin Wu ; Yunbo Zuo ; Hongjun Wang ; Xiaoli Xu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8508 –8512
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9043
- Type: Article
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It is necessary to test the reliability of the operation of the machine itself for meeting the high-speed, ultra-precision, flexible, and other modern manufacturing and processing needs. In practical applications, the obtained reliability detection information presents a variety of uncertainties such as randomness, imprecision, incompleteness and so on, due to the complexity of the machining environment, the limitations of the sensor itself and the imperfections of the information acquisition technology. The uncertainty reasoning method is proposed to test reliability and accuracy precision. Based on the multi-sensor information characteristic, the rule of the credibility sets is established to achieve the operational reliability analysis. It can realise the uncertainty reasoning for the modal and reliability rules. Examples of analysis show that during the high-end CNC machine tools operational reliability analysis, it has a practical effect to study the uncertainty reasoning method of the modal and reliability propositional rule and the analysis basis can be provided for the precision degradation and fault diagnosis.
- Author(s): Chao Ma ; Lingtao Liu ; Shaohong Wang ; Yumin Peng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8513 –8517
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9044
- Type: Article
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Objected to the planetary gear transmission, research on the fault diagnosis of gear cracks is mainly carried out with method of EEMD decomposition and Envelope demodulation. During the process, EEMD decomposition is used to the experiment data and continuously parameters of the root mean square (RMS) value, peak-to-peak (PtP) value, kurtosis (Kr), and other parameters of the IMF components are computed. According those parameters, the signal is reconstructed and after band-pass filtering the Hilbert transform and the envelope demodulation are carried out. The results showed that the power spectrum information obtained by using the EEMD decomposition and Hilbert transform could effectively response fault characteristics of the gear crack in the planetary transmission. The research is beneficial to the gear meshing fault diagnosis of the planetary transmission quickly and accurately and has a positive engineering value.
- Author(s): Tao Chen ; Liyong Wang ; Yuhai Gu ; Yunbo Zuo
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8518 –8521
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9045
- Type: Article
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Online oil monitoring technique is now an important development means to monitor wear condition and diagnose wear fault real time. Inductive wear debris monitoring is the research hotspot in the current online oil monitoring for its unique characteristics. Based on the current domestic and international online inductive wear debris monitoring, the relevant comments to the online inductive wear debris monitoring technology were given. Then, the positive and inverse problems of numerical analysis of inductive wear debris monitoring are analysed. Based on the above, the difficulties and shortages of online inductive wear debris monitoring are studied and the development trend and research focus of online inductive wear debris monitoring are discussion to provide for the oil online technology research.
- Author(s): Nan Jiang ; Tao He ; Qing Gu ; Helong Geng ; Huijun Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8522 –8526
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9046
- Type: Article
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Integrated test architecture (ITA) is a testing infrastructure developed for overcoming the design deficiency of stovepipe system based on current construction situation of underwater vehicle equipment. The general infrastructure of ITA is given at first, and then the design of ITA-based foundation platform infrastructure (IFPI) of underwater vehicle testing (UVT) is presented with details, mainly including development of middleware and the design of ITA testing process tool (TTCT). Moreover, an integrated test system for underwater vehicle testing (ITSUVT) is constructed by developing or integrating testing resource on IFPI. Finally, the performance of VBFPI is tested according to the designed testing schemes, and the function of ITSUVT is verified by field and virtual UVT.
- Author(s): Siming Guo ; Jinjie Wu ; Jian Zhang ; Panfeng Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8527 –8530
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9047
- Type: Article
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The electronics system is a crucial component of a nuclear radiation detector whose performance directly affects the accuracy of nuclear radiation monitoring. The design of a neutron detector's electronics system is introduced here. Two sets of preamplifiers are designed, the amplitude-versus-frequency curves of the preamplifiers are compared using Multisim simulation software, and a better preamplifier is determined through the comparison. A similar approach is used in the design of main amplifier, the amplitude-versus-frequency curves of four operational amplifiers are simulated by Multisim, and the best ones are chosen. The discriminator and trigger are designed in the electronics after the main amplifier, which are used for signal screening and shaping. The neutron detector is tested by cosmic neutrons in environmental background, which is composed of the designed electronic system and a proportional counter tube. Experiments show that the electronics is suitable for neutron detector.
- Author(s): Chuanchao Pan ; Jingzhuo Wang ; Zijian Dong
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8531 –8534
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9048
- Type: Article
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This article studies a variational Bayesian method to fix the linear regression (LR) model of which regressors are Gaussian distributed with non-zero prior means, and then apply the method to the linear state space (LSS) model. Here, we innovatively transform the LSS model into a special LR model: In each state, the value obtained from the predict step can be seen as the prior mean of the regressors, and the update step can be viewed as the iterative solving in LR model with non-zero prior means. We simulate the proposed algorithm with high-dimensional discrete LSS models where most states are prior zeros; simulation results show that the proposed algorithm and its applications in LSS are both effective and reliable.
- Author(s): Zhinan Wang ; Shihai Hua ; Dajian Wang ; Wenjun Xu ; Sujun Yang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8535 –8538
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9049
- Type: Article
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Compared with the traditional electrical resistance strain gauge, the fibre Bragg grating (FBG) is a new material that can be used to produce the strain sensor, which has many advantages such as convenient installation, low temperature drifting, less signal interference and higher transmitted quality. In this study, FBG sensor system configuration, design principle, numerical simulation and loading tests for the FBG strain gauge are expatiated extensively. At the last, one-axial and three-axial strain gauges are produced and some conclusions have been put forward. So the FBG strain gauge can meet the precision of the structure monitoring and replace the traditional sensors.
- Author(s): Yunzhi Ling ; Yu Zhang ; Lantian Xu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8539 –8542
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9050
- Type: Article
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For the challenges of filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) test applications in the fifth-generation mobile communication network (5G) system, presented is a time domain synchronisation estimation algorithm based on power synchronisation in frequency domain. Through MATLAB simulation, the proposed algorithm is verified to achieve good synchronisation at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and large frequency offset without signal quality changes. As a result, it can be applied in FBMC signal vector analysers, promoting FBMC signal vector analysis functions used in 5G test applications.
- Author(s): Siming Guo ; Jinjie Wu ; Jian Zhang ; Zihao Fan ; Weina Che ; Mengshi Li ; Dongjie Hou ; Ji Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8543 –8545
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9051
- Type: Article
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The energy calibration and efficiency calibration of one silicon drift detector (SDD) are introduced here. The energy calibration is achieved using four radioactive sources, and the linear correlation coefficient is close to one. The efficiency curve of the SDD is obtained by Monte–Carlo simulations from 0.5 keV to 40 keV. Then, the efficiency of the SDD is calibrated using two radioactive sources. The results of experiments are compared with the calculated and the relative deviation are within 5.6%.
- Author(s): Yuxiang Guo and Chenhui Zhu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8546 –8550
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9052
- Type: Article
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In order to deal with the shortcomings of a photoelectric mode cardiotachometer, such as wasting energy and slowly refreshing results, this study mainly focuses on a real-time displayed, portable, low-cost, and energy-saving cardiotachometer. The design is based on the Mbed, which is the core microprocessor, controlled and dispatched by the built-in function. Before filtering and amplifying the electronic signal, the pulse signal is collected by the photoelectronic sensor at the beginning of the whole process of the cardiotachometer. The energy-saving function can be achieved through audio p-type metal oxide semiconductor to switch on and off the light-emitting diode (LED) which is in the sensor. Eventually, the real-time ratio of the heartbeats and the waveforms can be displayed on the two 8 × 8 LED modules at the same time with overall energy-saving of about 50%. This design can be applied in many fields focusing on long battery life and portable, especially as a part of a wearable device.
- Author(s): Tianjian Li ; Qiu Jin ; Bin Huang ; Chang Li ; Min Huang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8551 –8555
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9053
- Type: Article
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In storage environment, aiming at the problem of goods positioning when picking, the pallet is firstly recognised based on deep learning. Then, algorithm of obtaining the pose of the pallet by the image processing and Kinect sensor is proposed in this study. The pallet is recognised and its selected box is obtained by deep learning. On this basis, the position and the angle of the pallet are obtained by the image processing method, and then RGB-D transforms the position and posture of the pallet into the three-dimensional (3D) coordinate for three-dimensional positioning. The experiment results show that the algorithm can obtain real-time pallet position with the success rate of 81.02%. Thus, the algorithm can meet the requirements of the efficiency and accuracy location requirements of the storage of goods when picking.
- Author(s): Wei Song ; Zhaoyong Fan ; Qing Zhou ; Chengjiang Wang ; Dahong Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8556 –8560
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9054
- Type: Article
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Here, the auxiliary robot for distribution network without power failure is designed. The robot includes the design of mobile chassis, turntable, tops, and legs. The mobile chassis is responsible for walking, power supply, and work safety support platform. It can walk flexibly and has a certain ability to overcome obstacles. The turntable not only can withstand axial and radial loads, but also can withstand tilting moments. Tops can provide reliable support and good insulation guarantee for work buckets. Outriggers serve to level out and ensure the stability of the vehicle. The experimental results show that the design of the network-assisted robot without power failure can meet the actual operation requirements.
- Author(s): Wei Song ; Yunfeng Li ; Haibing Zhang ; Dahong Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8561 –8565
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9055
- Type: Article
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This article mainly introduces the motion control system of high-altitude live working vehicle and the design of the hydraulic drive system of the trolley. Motion control system is the nerve centre of auxiliary robot for power distribution without interruption. It plays a key role. The hydraulic drive system with trolley provides power support for the insulated bucket of the trolley car. The experimental results show that the design scheme of the control system and the hydraulic drive system can meet the actual operation requirements of the electric car.
- Author(s): Peifeng Xu ; Gangshan Wu ; Chao Xu ; Pan Wang ; Ning Yang ; Rongbiao Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8566 –8571
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9056
- Type: Article
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In view of the defects such as long time-consuming and large limitation in the detection of pesticide resistance of crop pathogens at present. A novel photoelectric detection method based on enriched microfluidic chips is proposed for the detection of pesticide resistance of crop fungal disease. First, according to the aerodynamics characteristics of microbial aerosol particles and optical detection technology, a special enrichment microfluidic chip was designed to achieve high efficiency enrichment and high precision concentration detection of fungal spores. On this basis, based on the theory of pesticide resistance sensitivity baseline, the relationship among spore germination, systematic enrichment concentration, and optical detection concentration of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry treated with Pyrimethanil was studied, and the pesticide resistance detection model of uncultured pathogens was established. The light intensity of light source was 1.1 × 103 cd, and the wavelength was 620 nm as the optimum parameters for optical detection. The correlation coefficient between the microscopic examination of spores’ concentration and the results of optical detection is 0.9792. It has good linearity and reliability, which provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of portable equipment for detecting pesticide resistance of crop diseases.
- Author(s): Bin Ren ; Siwen Li ; Shaopu Yang ; Wentao Song ; Yonggang Jiao
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8572 –8576
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9058
- Type: Article
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Many key parts of mechanical equipment gradually enter failure period with service, and failures happen in some of them, it will lead to serious consequences with economic loss and crash of machine and death of human if weak failures cannot be identified in time, which might degrade to major failure. It would be of benefit to prevent the fault deterioration if faults could be identified in early period, with the states of key parts obtained. Locomotive gear was chosen as the research object here, a method of inhibition mode mixing and characteristic frequency acquisition based on dynamic cascade empirical mode decomposition is put forward for the weakness and aliasing out of uncertain factors. The fault features are much more obviously presented in different time scale by optimal intrinsic mode function (IMF) acquisition and the improvement of envelope solution method. The results of experiment show that weak faults can be obtained under much noise, and an effective method is provided for early fault prognosis and diagnosis.
- Author(s): Laijun Yan ; Xu Zhang ; Lihu Zhang ; Xianghong Yao ; Xinhua Qi ; Yong Chen ; Long Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8577 –8582
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9059
- Type: Article
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A shock tube-based calibration installation for dynamic pressure transducers was designed and manufactured. The hardware of the calibration installation contained a shock tube, two pressure transmitters, three transducers for velocity measurement, a temperature transmitter, two data sampling cards and a industrial personal computer, etc. The software of the calibration installation was a data sampling and data processing system. The functions of the software included test conditions monitoring, performance parameters computation, and calibration reports generation, etc. The performance of the calibration installation was tested. The test result showed that the range of the step pressure was 9.60 kPa–1.101 MPa, the maximum rise time of the step pressure was no more than 1μs, the minimum duration of the step pressure plateau was longer than 4 ms, the fluctuation of the step pressure plateau was better than ± 2%, and the maximum 2nd order expand uncertainty of the step pressure was less than 4%. Thus the calibration installation was qualified to be a shock tube-based dynamic pressure standard because that the performance of the calibration installation was verified to meet the requirements of ‘Verification Regulation of Dynamic Pressure transducers’ and ‘Verification Regulation of Dynamic Pressure standards’.
- Author(s): Na Miao ; Yixu Wang ; Lu Peng ; Lu Liu ; Liwei Lei
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8583 –8586
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9060
- Type: Article
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Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is widely used in traffic transport industry. In order to solve the traceability of FWD, the definition of deflection was studied, the use and measurement of FWD was thoroughly analysed, and the measurement parameters were determined. Calibration device, standard foundation, and experimental environmental conditions of FWD was set up. The measurement uncertainty of the calibration equipment has been analysed. Through the test of the typical FWD, the performance of the calibration equipment is tested. Through the establishment of the traceability chain of ‘ Absolute normal low frequency vibration standard device-FWD calibration equipment-FWD’, it can meet the calibration/verification requirements of FWD.
- Author(s): Tao Liu ; Shulin Tian ; Lianping Guo
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8587 –8590
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9061
- Type: Article
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Owing to the limited processing speed of current digital signal processing devices, digital generated signal frequency and bandwidth based on digital up-conversion technique has long been a bottleneck. Interpolation on the baseband signal puts great pressure on the following filtering and mixing operation. In this study, an efficient parallel architecture is presented, which moves the interpolation behind the filtering and mixing, and adopts parallel numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) arrays and poly-phase low-pass filter arrays to achieve the anticipated orthogonal mixing signal and prototype filter. Parallel NCO decomposition principle and mathematical derivation are elaborated, and realisation of the poly-phase filter arrays is also discussed. The proposed post-interpolation architecture can effectively relieve the filtering and mixing pressure including operation rate and computational complexity, which will benefit the hardware implementation. In the end, verification test of signal up-conversion with 400 MHz bandwidth is launched to certify the architecture validity.
- Author(s): Wei Jiang ; Dingrong Yi ; Linghua Kong
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8591 –8594
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9062
- Type: Article
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There exists few reports in the literature aimed at estimating depth from the spectrally-varying-amount-of-defocus contained in a single image generally captured by a commercial colour camera. However, the colour camera can adversely affect the depth measurement accuracy, due to the cross-talk between its wide and overlapping red/green/blue channels. In this study, the authors propose an improved method to estimate depth from non-overlapping and narrow-band spectral images captured by a snapshot narrow-band multispectral imaging (SNB-MSI) sensor. An optical lens with visible longitudinal chromatic aberration is placed in front of the SNB-MSI sensor to enlarge the spectrally-varying-focal-depth so that spectral images corresponding to different narrow bands are focused on apparently different planes. This setting not only differentiates depth ambiguity on both sides of the focal plane, that is caused by two different depths lead to the same blurred image, but also prevents cross talks between different spectral channels. Preliminary experimental data show that the central wavelength of best focused spectral band shifts with increasing depth of the target. This suggests that it is feasible to dynamically measure the depth of the scene using the combination of a longitudinal chromatic aberration optical lens with a SNB-MSI sensor.
- Author(s): Wenqi Wang ; Ting Liu ; Dingrong Yi
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8595 –8598
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9063
- Type: Article
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Mercury ion (Hg2+) is one of the common pollutants which exists in the natural environment far and wide. The detection of Hg2+ usually requires large laboratory equipment, which limits their field applications. Here, a miniaturised optical fibre sensor based on quantum dots (QDs) for detection of Hg2+ is developed. The sensor is based on the principle of fluorescence quenching caused by Hg2+ and evanescent wave sensing. It is an all-fibre sensor which composed of an optical fibre probe module, an optical module and a signal acquisition module. Through miniaturisation design of optical system and the structure of the sensor, the sensor is reduced to the volume of 120 × 120 × 100 mm. The experimental results show that in the miniaturised sensor both has high sensitivity and fast response speed. Meanwhile, the ion anti-interference experiment shows that the sensor has good selectivity for Hg2+ detection. In general, the proposed sensor has significant potential in the field of biochemistry, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
- Author(s): Pengjia Wang ; Hongjun Wang ; Xiumei Chen
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8599 –8603
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9064
- Type: Article
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Currently, some five-axis CNC machine tools have almost achieved the same advanced level of the western countries in terms of functionality and performance. However, the reliability of system is much lower than similar foreign products. The reliability has become one of bottlenecks to restrict the development of domestic CNC machine tools. At present, domestic reliability research of CNC machine tools developed rapidly, but the evaluation research is limited to a single indicator, lacking overall evaluation about it. To fully evaluate the reliability of five-axis CNC machine tools, the matter-element model of reliability evaluation is established with the application of matter-element in extension theory, and the reliability evaluation indices system is established comprehensively. The correlation functions are introduced to calculate the correlation degree, and the weights of each evaluation indices are determined by using AHP. The actual example and result on two types of domestic CNC machine tools show that the proposed method is effective, reasonable, and accurate in the process of reliability evaluation. The proposed methodology provides a detailed instruction for comprehensive reliability evaluation of CNC machine tools.
- Author(s): Kaihui Zhao ; Tonghuan Yin ; Changfan Zhang ; Xiangfei Li ; Yue Chen ; Tao Li ; Jing He
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8604 –8608
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9065
- Type: Article
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To minimise the torque ripple for vector control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) of railway traction system, this study proposes a new velocity, torque and current three-loop control system, and designs a velocity and torque sliding mode controller (SMC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) driven system. First, the mathematical model of IPMSM is described and the new velocity and torque closed-loop control system for PMSM is designed. Second, the velocity SMC and torque SMC are designed. The fast convergence of the motor velocity and torque is realised, and the torque ripple is reduced effectively. The stability of the designed SMC is analysed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme was compared with PI by simulations and experiments. The results show that the proposed method has good control performance and strong robustness.
- Author(s): Xin Shi ; Weiding Lu ; Ying Zhao ; Jialei Fu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8609 –8613
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9066
- Type: Article
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Temperature and humidity play an extremely important role in indoor thermal comfort and industrial production. To achieve precise control of temperature and humidity in the building space environment and reduce energy consumption, it is necessary to analyse turbulence from the perspective of energy. On the basis of the basic principle of building energy enthalpy, under the premise of reasonable assumptions of various boundary conditions, four turbulence models were established for simulation. The basic characteristics, overall distribution and local characteristics of the interior energy enthalpy were compared and analysed. The theory of building energy enthalpy not only can effectively solve the influence of latent heat on the building environment, but also can provide guidance on the selection strategy of turbulence models. The proposed theory can improve the accuracy and credibility of the simulation data of building space.
- Author(s): Jing Liang ; Guoyu Zhang ; Jian Zhang ; Da Xu ; Gaofei Sun
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8614 –8618
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9067
- Type: Article
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Aiming at the method of indoor calibration of a transmission visibility meter has not been established; a new calibration method by measuring the luminous transmittance of attenuator piece was established. Based on the high homogeneity stability lighting and the multi-spectral transmittance analysis technique, a calibration system of the transmission visibility meter by measuring the luminous transmittance of the attenuator piece was designed. The experiment was designed by measuring the luminous transmittance with the range of 0.2–99.2% of a series of calibrated attenuators and the visibility in the range of 40 m to 20 km, then the luminous transmittance errors, the meteorological optical range (MOR) errors and their uncertainty were obtained. The result showed that the luminous transmission error was within ±0.18%, which satisfied the calibration requirement for transmission visibility meter transmittance; the MOR calibration error met the accuracy requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organisation for visibility measurement; this work will have guiding significance in establishing a calibration procedure for the transmission visibility meter.
- Author(s): Changliang Tang ; Liyong Wang ; Tao Chen
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8619 –8623
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9068
- Type: Article
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With the world's energy shortage, the scholars all over the world have done a lot of research work on the efficient use of energy, energy-saving emission reduction, and the development of new energy. Turbine generators have a wide range of applications in energy recovery. In this study, a new type of turbine generator structure is proposed. Four disc-type permanent magnet motors are symmetrically mounted on the shafting, and are supported by gas hydrostatic bearing. The vibration tests of the shafting were carried out. The vibration characteristics of the shafting were analysed by using the bode diagram, the time-waterfall map, the bifurcation diagram, the shaft orbits at the typical speeds, and the Poincare maps, which can provide references for developing high-speed turbine generators.
- Author(s): Yuming Qi ; Hexing Liu ; Bing Xie ; Sanpeng Deng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8624 –8626
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9069
- Type: Article
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Industrial robots, as a structurally sophisticated mechatronics system, have a high cost of routine maintenance and repair. Repairs after fault require the corresponding manpower and material resources, and have hysteresis. If the fault can be predicted in a timely and accurate manner, the maintenance process can be carried out in advance, and the hidden dangers can be eliminated to fundamentally solve the fault problem. Based on the self-organised critical theory (SOC theory), this article draws lessons from its self-organisation evolution model and uses the self-organised criticality of industrial robot fault to establish an autoregressive moving average model (ARMA model) for industrial robots. According to the analysis of residual value and the explanation for the faults of industrial robots, find ways and means to prevent and reduce faults.
- Author(s): Chao Wang ; Changlin Bian ; Hongyan Xing ; Xuehong Zhang ; Yi Shen
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8627 –8631
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9070
- Type: Article
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Vegetation chlorophyll content is very important for monitoring the growth and health status of vegetation. Remote sensing of chlorophyll content holds an important potential for evaluating crop growth status and diseases and insects. The both units can represent the chlorophyll content of leaves, but there are some differences between them. The former reflects the proportion of chlorophyll in the leaf components, while the latter displays the weight of chlorophyll in the unit leaf area. Combining ten representative hyperspectral vegetation indices, the effect of measurement units on estimating crop leaf chlorophyll content was studied with winter wheat and summer corn leaf chlorophyll content data and leaf reflectance data. First, the relationships between leaf chlorophyll content and the ten selected hyperspectral vegetation indices were analyzed. Second, the estimating models of leaf chlorophyll were built. Finally, the accuracies of estimating models were also assessed based on the validating data. The results show that: (i) due to chlorophyll absorption effect at visible bands, vegetation indices were highly correlated with chlorophyll content of crop leaves and it is feasible to estimate chlorophyll with vegetation index, for example, the relative errors for the estimating model based on MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index <14%; (ii) The different measurement units of leaf chlorophyll content can give rise to differences in estimating accuracy. Measurement units of mg g−1 and μg cm−2 can both effectively describe chlorophyll content of vegetation leaves. However, the leaf chlorophyll models based on the former were generally superior to the latter. For instance, the relative errors of summer corn for measurement units of mg g−1 and μg cm−2 are 7.6 and 13.6%, respectively. The reflectance signals of leaves at visible and near infrared regions contain various absorption information on leaf components, especially for pigments. Moreover, the measurement unit of mg g−1 reflects the relative content of chlorophyll in the leaf components. Therefore, the unit of mg g−1 is in agreement with the reflectance signals of leaves. However, the unit of μg cm−2 only represents the absolute weight of chlorophyll in the unit leaf area. Therefore, it is recommended that the measurement unit of mg g−1 should be used as far as possible when estimating chlorophyll of crop leaves or other vegetation leaves with remote sensing.
- Author(s): Kang Ma ; Shuai Wang ; Shuailei Zhang ; Ying Sun ; DeZhi Zheng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8632 –8636
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9071
- Type: Article
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This article proposes an electrode channel combination method for optimisation steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) towards a high-performance brain-computer interface (BCI). In SSVEP-based BCIs, the channels which lie in the area near the occipital and parietal lobes are always selected to improve the classification accuracy. Although the electrode channels which are selected in occipital and parietal lobes have significantly improved the accuracy and reduced the calculating time of algorithm, the effect of electrode channel combination for each subject have not been systematically explored. This study conducts a comparison of BCI performance between two subjects in different electrode channel combinations. The results show significant difference between two subjects when selecting different electrode channel combinations using unsupervised target identification methods. The results suggest that different electrode channels should be selected for different subjects in SSVEP-based BCIs.
- Author(s): Di Deng ; Shuai Wang ; Dezhi Zheng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8637 –8640
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9072
- Type: Article
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The traditional pressure sensors are mostly based on piezoresistive, piezoelectric effect, and strain gauge, which are easily affected by ambient temperature. The structure of some sensors is rather complex to effectively acquire the signal or measure distribution force. Therefore, a pressure sensor based on the planar coil and elastic element was designed to solve this problem. The newly designed sensor has a spiral planar coil made by a printed circuit board and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin film as the elastic element. The conductive layer is attached on the upper surface of PDMS to realise the eddy current effect. Meanwhile, a simulation model was established to find the relationship between deformation displacement and the pressure of the elastic element. By generating the experimental curves of the deformation displacement of the elastic element and the output frequency of the eddy current sensor, the pressure measurement on the surface of the elastic element can be identified. The preliminary experimental results showed that the eddy current pressure sensor based on the plane coil has good linearity and repeatability, and it can realise large area distributed pressure measurement, which is also suitable for accurate measurement of distribution force.
- Author(s): Kai Zhu ; Shuai Wang ; Dezhi Zheng ; Mengxi Dai
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8641 –8645
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9073
- Type: Article
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In order to improve the performance of motor imagery brain–computer interface (BCI) based on deep learning algorithm, here, the authors propose an electrode channel combination method. Although motor imagery electro-encephalography (EEG) signals which contain different electrode channels on the scalp surface have an effect on the classification performance, the effect of different electrode channel combinations has not been systematically explored. With the two deep learning models the authors constructed, the authors list some different electrode channel combinations to classify the left fist and right fist motor imagery EEG signals. The results show that the more the number of channels in these combinations, the higher the classification accuracy. However, when the number of channels exceeds 11, the classification accuracy increases slowly, and the classification effect is rarely improved. Therefore, the authors obtain an optimal electrode channel combination to use the electrode channels efficiently and to improve the performance of motor imagery BCI based on deep learning algorithms.
- Author(s): Hongru Jia ; Shuai Wang ; Dezhi Zheng ; Xiaolei Qu ; Shangchun Fan
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8646 –8649
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9075
- Type: Article
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Motor imagery (MI) classification based on electroencephalogram (EEG) with high speed and accuracy is a key issue in brain–computer-interface (BCI) technology. This study compared the support vector machine (SVM) and back-propagation neural network (BP-NN) for MI classification. In this study, EEG data of four subjects provided by BCI competition 2008 was employed. For the comparison of classification accuracy (CA), there were three steps. First, EEG feature extraction for MI was implemented by using a common spatial pattern. Second, SVM and BP-NN were used to classify MI by cross-validation. Finally, the CA rate, receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were given to evaluate two classifiers. The average CA rates obtained on the four subjects using SVM and BP-NN were 75.20 and 80.73%, respectively. Furthermore, the mean AUCs of SVM and BP-NN were 0.7860 and 0.9462, respectively. Both average CA rate and AUC indicate that BP-NN has better accuracy of classification than SVM.
- Author(s): Han Lei ; Shuai Wang ; Dezhi Zheng ; Xiaolei Qu ; Shangchun Fan ; Chongyang Cui
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8650 –8653
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9076
- Type: Article
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Image classification is a fundamental task in image analysis. Recent advances in deep learning have achieved promising results on many image classification benchmarks. However, in some particular tasks, especially in biomedical image analysis, preparing a large number of labelled images for the model's training is costly and unpractical. In this study, the authors aim to address the following questions: With limited effort (e.g. time, cost and manpower) for labelling, what instances should be chosen to annotate and how to train to model using limited annotated data. For that, they present an active learning algorithm combining with data balancing, making the model (e.g. convolutional neural network) fine-tuned continuously and incrementally to reduce the effort of labelling and making model's training process more robust and efficient in both binary and multi-class classification with high-performance. They have evaluated the authors’ method of both binary natural dataset and three classes biomedical dataset, demonstrating that active learning with data balancing could help models’ training more robust and broaden active learning's field to multi classification and more application scenarios. More significantly, their experiments showed that at least a half of effort in labelling could be saved for satisfied performance by their method.
- Author(s): Shuailei Zhang ; Shuai Wang ; Dezhi Zheng ; Kang Ma ; Yajun Zhang ; Wang Xiang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8654 –8657
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9077
- Type: Article
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Steady-state visual evoked potential based brain–computer interface (BCI) is now attracting growing attention for its fast and efficient information transfer rate. However, human beings show excellent response only in a limited range of frequencies. Due to the limitation of frequency bandwidth, it is difficult to obtain enough frequency for target encoding. This study presents a high-resolution steady-state visual evoked BCI whose frequency resolution reaches 0.1 Hz. Compared with the widely-used system with frequency resolution of 0.2 Hz, this system have doubled the number of evoked frequencies, and increased the information transfer rate by 27.89% when sampling time is >3 s.
- Author(s): Bo Wang ; Jinjie Wu ; Haiyan Du ; Siming Guo ; Shiwei Ren
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8658 –8661
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9078
- Type: Article
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The purpose of this article is to discuss the method of determining the wall correction factor of graphite cavity ionisation chamber. The method is the ‘equal effect wall thickness’ simulation and direct calculation of the wall correction factor of the std10cm3 and std30cm3 spherical graphite cavity ionisation chamber in the national air-specific kinetic energy reference group (National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST), respectively, in the NIST10cm3 and NIST30cm3 spherical graphite cavity ionisation chamber. The calculated results are in agreement with the values released by NIST in 0.1%. Conclusions of the equivalent wall thickness simulation method and the direct calculation simulation method meet each other's requirements, which provide a new idea for the determination of wall correction factor.
- Author(s): Mengshi Li ; Jinjie Wu ; Xingqiang Lu ; Siming Guo
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8662 –8666
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9079
- Type: Article
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Since the German physicist Roentgen discovered X-rays, X-rays have been widely used in medical diagnostics, industrial non-destructive testing, and scientific research. There are four main types of single-energy X-ray generation: k-fluorescence, radioactive sources, X-ray machines (relying on monochromators), and synchrotron radiation. In view of the advantages of using X-ray machines to generate continuous energy points and non-nuclear pollution, this study uses Oxford fluorescent tubes and crystal diffraction methods to generate single-energy X-rays. The diffracted crystal uses Si111 and calculates the different energy values obtained by diffracting different Bragg angles. This study uses the silicon drift detector to measure the energy spectrum of (6–15) keV single-energy X-rays, the stability of the Oxford fluorescent tube, and spot size with a charge-coupled device detector. The obtained energy spectrum is compared with the theoretical energy calculated to verify the correctness of this method and provides important reference for crystal diffraction in low-energy sections.
- Author(s): Yunbo Zuo ; Yuhai Gu ; Yanhai Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8667 –8670
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9080
- Type: Article
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Wear is one of the common faults in the mechanical transmission system. Detection of wear particles in lubricating oil can detect and evaluate the wear degree of mechanical equipment. The electromagnetic sensor for metal wear particle detection can be connected in series with the oil circuit, which has the advantages of full liquid flow, simple structure, distinguishing metal properties, and not being influenced by bubbles and vibration. In view of the shortcomings of the existing electromagnetic sensor for wear particle detection, the detection principle and the induction electromotive force model were studied, and the magnetic field change of the metal particles through three coil differential solenoids was analysed. The optimisation design method was proposed here, which was about the related parameters, such as the wire diameter, the coil turns, the coil widths and so on. The experimental analysis of the sensor was carried out based on detection hardware system that could provide the phase-locked amplification function. The 10-mm inner diameter sensor could detect the minimum 100-μm ferromagnetic metal abrasive particles after optimisation. The developed sensor could provide data information for the abrasive particle detection, fault diagnosis and early warning of wear degree of mechanical equipment.
- Author(s): Yunbo Zuo ; Hongjun Wang ; Guoxin Wu ; Yuhai Gu ; Wensheng Qiao
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8671 –8675
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9081
- Type: Article
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In order to improve the operation reliability of high-grade computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools and reduce the maintenance time of failures, the remote state monitoring and intelligent maintenance system for CNC machine tools was proposed. Through collecting the basic information of equipment, maintenance information, and the information of the vibration, temperature, main current and power of the machine tool based on soft-bus technology, the system analysed the real-time state data, got the reliability parameters, extracted the fault features and established the maintenance knowledge base. Combining the dynamic monitoring data and static data, the system evaluated the key parts of machine tools. By the fault knowledge base, the system analysed the reason for failure and recommended the maintenance method. With the function modules, the system can improve the intelligent maintenance level of CNC machine tools and improve the using efficiency of machine tools.
- Author(s): Shouhong Chen ; Xinyu Liu ; Jun Ma ; Shuang Zhao ; Xingna Hou
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8676 –8679
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9082
- Type: Article
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Clustering algorithm is one of the most important algorithms in unsupervised learning. For density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) density clustering algorithm, the selection of neighborhood radius and minimum number is the key to get the best clustering results. Aiming at the problems of traditional DBSCAN algorithm, such as the neighborhood radius and the minimum number of points, this article puts forward two classifications based on K-means algorithm, and gets two clustering centers. Where calculated between two data points and the cluster center-to -center distance, clustering, distance, statistics in a distance of data points within the scope of the search, the number of data points corresponding to the maximum distance value, and thus the parameters for the DBSCAN algorithm to estimate and selection of initial radius of neighborhood with the minimum number of clustering start critical value. When the parameters are iterated and optimized continuously, the data are divided into clusters, and the most suitable neighborhood radius and the minimum point number are obtained. The experimental data analysis show that the improved algorithm reduces the human factors in the traditional algorithm and improves the efficiency, so as to get the accurate clustering results.
- Author(s): Xiaoli Xu ; Yunbo Zuo ; Xiuli Liu ; Chao Ma ; Yuhai Gu ; Zhanglei Jiang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8680 –8684
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9083
- Type: Article
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In view of the stability and safe service of the transmission system of the wind turbine, the trend early warning method for the stability deterioration of the electromechanical system is proposed and the level of the predictive maintenance of the complex electromechanical system is improved. It includes: establishing the dynamic model of wind power transmission system, revealing the evolution law of the system stability deterioration, putting forward the signal processing method of the weak detection information, extracting the fault features decoupling with energy and constructing the early warning methods of the system stability deterioration trend. The research results can be applied to the safety monitoring and fault warning of the wind turbine. It is beneficial to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the equipment and realise the prediction maintenance, improve the operation and management level of the equipment, reduce the economic loss caused by the failure and promote the utilisation and development of green energy.
- Author(s): Xueying Zhang ; Zhongquan Luan ; Xiuli Liu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8685 –8690
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9084
- Type: Article
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Aiming at the problem that fault signals of rolling bearing are easily submerged by the strong background noise, which makes it difficult to extract fault information, so a method based on kurtosis criterion variational mode decomposition (VMD) and modulo square threshold is proposed and applied to fault diagnosis of rolling bearing. First, the vibration signals of rolling bearing are processed by VMD. Second, the signals are reconstructed by selecting the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components with the largest kurtosis and the second largest kurtosis. Finally, the reconstruction signals are de-noised by the modulo square threshold. Through the test of the inner ring and outer ring of the rolling bearing, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified.
- Author(s): Zhonggang Li ; Qiushi Han ; Baoying Peng ; Qiguang Li ; Yunbo Zuo
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8691 –8695
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9085
- Type: Article
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The sine eccentric shaft is one of the most important parts for industrial robot RV reducer, and its machining quality has immediate effect on the overall device performance. The eccentric shaft X-C linkage grinding model is built based on the tangential point tracing machining principle, and the method of calculating the roundness error for eccentric circle grinding is proposed here. The research is performed on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) interpolation for the coordinates’ densification of eccentric shaft X-C linkage grinding, and the algorithm process is put forward. The process of eccentric grinding is simulated and analysed by wheel inversion envelope method. The results show that the eccentric tangent point tracking model proposed is correct. Compared with the linear interpolation, NURBS interpolation can remarkably improve the accuracy of eccentric shaft tangent point tracking grinding.
- Author(s): Xiuli Liu ; Xueying Zhang ; Zhongquan Luan ; Xiaoli Xu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8696 –8700
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9086
- Type: Article
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A fault diagnosis method for rolling bearing based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) sample entropy and probabilistic neural network (PNN) is proposed for non-steady and non-linear signals. First, the rolling bearing signals are decomposed into intrinsic mode function (IMF) using EEMD. Then, the kurtosis of each component is calculated. Five components with large kurtosis are selected and the sample entropy is extracted to form the feature vectors. Finally, the feature vectors are input to the PNN for fault diagnosis. The method is used to classify the type of the rolling bearing fault. The results show that the accuracy of fault diagnosis of the proposed method is 100%, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
- Author(s): Yunhong Zheng ; Zongjie Zhou ; Rongsheng Dai
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8701 –8705
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9087
- Type: Article
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This study first analyses the problems that the solenoid valve generates during operation. Then the electromagnetic valve was modelled and ANSYS finite element analysis simulation software was used to simulate the electromagnetic field and transient magnetic field of the solenoid valve. The magnetic induction intensity distribution diagram and magnetic field distribution diagram of the electromagnet were obtained. According to the simulation results of the solenoid valve, the magnetic flux leakage line is blocked after the magnetic isolation cover is added, the magnetic induction strength of the iron core and the valve head is increased, the leakage magnetic flux is reduced, and the structure is optimised.
- Author(s): Deliang Zhang ; Jinjie Wu ; Siming Guo ; Wanchang Lai ; Haiyan Du ; Rui Zhao ; Dongjie Hou
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8706 –8709
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9088
- Type: Article
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The energy spectrum is one of the most effective methods to characterise the quality of reference filtered X radiations. To obtain the energy resolution, the authors choose seven sealed standard radioactive sources to carry out energy calibration for high-purity germanium detector whose energy resolution is within 3%. Then they use this spectrometer to measure the reference filtered X radiations with its energy from 55 to 125 keV of low air-kerma rate series, meanwhile the BEAMnrc is used to simulate the spectra of the same four radiation qualities. By analysing the data of spectral distribution, they can determine mean energy and spectral resolution of these reference radiation qualities. By comparing simulation results with actual measurements, the result shows the spectra stimulated by the BEAMnrc are consistent with the spectra measured by high-purity germanium detector and the deviation of the mean energy is within 4.0%. The spectral resolution of the reference filtered X radiation is 22.8, 22.4, 22.5 and 22.8%, respectively.
- Author(s): Yunhong Zheng ; Rongsheng Dai ; Zongjie Zhou
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8710 –8714
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9089
- Type: Article
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This article analyses the structure and working principle of the brushless DC motor, the advantages and disadvantages of PID regulation and fuzzy control are analysed as well, and puts forward the fuzzy PID motor control technology with both advantages. The speed control of the brushless DC motor is carried out and the simulation model is built. The results show that, compared with the traditional PID adjustment, the fuzzy PID makes the motor speed more stable and the speed fluctuation decreases obviously, which satisfies the requirement of the speed control of the electric bicycle.
- Author(s): Tao Chen ; Li-yong Wang ; Yuhai Gu ; Changliang Tang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8715 –8719
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9090
- Type: Article
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Wear is the main influential reason for the reliability and service life of machinery and the inductive monitoring is the most research and application of online ferromagnetic debris detection for its unique characteristics. In the electromagnetic characteristics analysis of the wear debris, the numerical analysis method can directly solve the problem of electromagnetic field in the form of value, program instead of analytic form. Based on the current research on numerical analysis of electromagnetic characteristics for ferromagnetic debris, the solved problems of numerical analysis are analysed. The core and theoretical basis of numerical analysis of electromagnetic characteristics are studied and assumptions and boundary conditions are provided. Then the present problems and future development trend of the numerical analysis of electromagnetic characteristics for ferromagnetic wear debris are discussed.
- Author(s): Xu Bai
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8720 –8724
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9091
- Type: Article
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Vibration sensor calibration is performed using the absolute calibration method and the comparison calibration method. The comparative calibration method is used to take a carefully calibrated benchmark to the measured sensor and the vibration sensor for a contrast test, the use of standard sensors requires regular inspection to traceability to national standards to ensure the reliability and accuracy of dissemination. From the measurement perspective, using the absolute calibration method to calibrate a laser interference vibration acceleration sensor can achieve high precision, wide field, high reliability calibration to ensure the sensor of high accuracy, vibration signal high reliability is of great significance. The vibration method of absolute calibration is based on laser interference technology research, put forward in the development of the laser absolute method based on the technology of vibration calibration device, a further optimised method of the absolute calibration device, the mathematical model is used to improve the technical indicators and to provide reliable technical guarantee for vibration transducer calibration.
- Author(s): Yongjie Fu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8725 –8728
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9092
- Type: Article
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Aimed at the metrology support requirements of weapons found north orientation equipment, a gyro north-seeker calibration system is designed. The system uses one plane mirror and two 1 m collimators to set up three north benchmarks at the same time, and they are assigned to the north. The accuracy of the introduced three northward azimuthal angles is as follows: ±0.20″, ±0.18″, ±0.17″. Between the three north benchmarks, the mutual check function can be realised. The system can realise the calibration of the gyro theodolite and gyro north-seeker with auto-collimation function and no auto-collimation function. The composition and working principle of the system are described in detail. After examination, the north-seeking precision accuracy of the system is 3″ (k = 2). It satisfies the metrological calibration of the gyro theodolite and gyro north-seeker whose north-seeking precision is below 12″. Through practice, the system is accurate, stable and reliable.
- Author(s): Chongyang Cui ; Shangchun Fan ; Han Lei ; Xiaolei Qu ; Dezhi Zheng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8729 –8732
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9093
- Type: Article
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In pathological diagnosis of breast cancer, there are problems such as shortage of pathologists, difficulties in sample labeling, and huge workload of manual diagnosis. Therefore, deep learning-based computer-assisted pathology analysis systems have been developed to diagnose breast cancer and have achieved impressive results. However, it is difficult to obtain a large number of training sets due to the scarcity of pathological images and the huge labeling costs. Therefore, the size of the training set should be planned before building the pathology computer-assisted breast cancer analysis system. Here, the authors present a study to determine the optimal size of the training data set needed to achieve high classification accuracy when developing a pathology computer-assisted breast cancer analysis system. The authors trained two kind of CNNs using six different sizes of training data set and then tested the resulting system with a total of 10,000 images. All images were acquired from the Camelyon17 challenge. Here, the authors propose a scheme for determining the size of the training set and the size of the model in developing the pathology computer-assisted breast cancer analysis systems, which can be easily applied to develop systems for other different pathological images.
- Author(s): Mengying Xu and Hongjun Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8733 –8736
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9094
- Type: Article
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‘S’ specimen through its unique profile features makes it possible to fully mobilise the five-axis linkage function in the five-axis finishing stage. The continuous rotation direction of the rotating axis not only reflects the static error of the machine tool but also the servo system follow error, tool positioning error, profile error etc. The authors studied its influence on the accuracy of each axis of five-axis CNC machine tool by analysing the geometrical characteristics of a S specimen and using UG's CAM environment to process ‘S’ specimen. Finally, the corresponding program forming system for S specimen machining experiments is designed by LabVIEW, and the authors used macro instruction to do NC program trigger system to collect vibration signals segmentally, so that the processing and acquisition system can be synchronised. This provides a more complete basis for the test piece cutting method to evaluate performance of machine tools.
- Author(s): Wei Xu and Feng Sheng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8737 –8742
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9095
- Type: Article
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The resistive leakage current in surge protectors is an important indicator to characterise its aging degree. It is of great significance to accurately extract the resistive components from the total leakage current for online monitoring of the surge protectors. An improved phase-shift current method is proposed to extract the weak resistive components. The fundamental frequency and phase-shift angle of the total leakage current are determined by the measures of zero-crossing detection, low-pass filtering, and phase measurement on the leakage current. The resistive components extracted from simulation and experimental data by this improved method are analysed with FFT. The results show that the improved method can significantly improve the extraction accuracy of the fundamental and harmonic resistive components.
- Author(s): Chao Ma ; Jie Yao ; Shaohong Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8743 –8746
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9096
- Type: Article
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Objected to influences of impact to the whole body with sitting posture, the inverse dynamical analysis is carried out. Firstly by using the high-speed video camera, the images of the marked points on the body and the impact platform are captured and then the marked points’ displacement can be obtained. Taking those displacements as input parameters, the inverse dynamical composition are continued with AnyBody Modeling System and responses are obtained and the impact transfer performance of the vertical direction in the human body with sitting posture and the muscle activities could be confirmed. From the sitting musculoskeletal model, it is concluded that acting forces of the joints and the mechanism performance of those parts of the body could be computed with different impact loadings, which would be conducive to understand the impact influence for the most parts of the body; especially for those parts that could be not tested. The study could be better for the reasonable countermeasures with certain postures for random impacting loadings.
- Author(s): Ji Wang ; Shiwei Ren ; Jinjie Wu ; Siming Guo ; Hongjie Li
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8747 –8750
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9097
- Type: Article
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The Monte–Carlo (MC) program EGSnrc was used to establish the model of low-energy radiation field and low-energy free air ionisation chamber. The electron loss correction factor and the fluorescence scattering correction factor of the molybdenum-filtered X-ray radiation of 23 ∼ 35kv tungsten target were simulated. The results show that due to the low effective energy of the radiation and the energy is close, the influence of the electronic loss correction factor is negligible, and the fluorescence and scattering correction factors increase slightly with the increase of the effective energy.
- Author(s): Yuan Sun ; Ji Zhang ; Yanru Zhou
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8751 –8754
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9098
- Type: Article
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As a renewable energy source, wind power has become a hot research topic, despite the lack of wind-environment simulation equipment in most laboratories. To address this shortcoming, this paper developed equipment based on a DC motor to simulate wind turbines. The reference torque is determined by the operational parameters of the wind turbine. The DC-motor speed is regulated by using DC pulse-width modulation, so that the output characteristics of the DC motor may be tuned to be equivalent to those of the wind turbine. A dsPIC30F2010-microcontroller-based hardware platform is used in experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
- Author(s): Xiuhai Cui ; Qi Gao ; Ruichao Wang ; Li Liu ; Jun Liang ; Yu Peng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8755 –8759
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9099
- Type: Article
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The development of space applications based on commercial system on chip (SOC) FPGA devices has become an important direction for the development of aerospace technology, but single event upsets (SEUs) in space is a difficult problem for commercial SOC FPGAs for space applications. This article presents an anti-anti method for ARM processors in SOC FPGA. This method makes full use of the hardware resources of dual-core ARM in SoC FPGA and improves the system's anti-SEU capability through dual-core mutual-check and recovery mechanisms. At the same time, the data stream and control flow fault tolerant are used to improve the anti-SEU capability within the processor. Error detection and correction (EDAC) and triple modular redundancy (TMR) are used to improve anti-SEU capability of the data flow. A two-level watchdog and ARM exception handling are used to achieve the anti-SEU capability of the control flow. Experimental results show that the two-level fault-tolerance mechanism proposed here improves the system's anti-SEU capability without adding additional hardware resources. This method is currently carrying out satellite-borne ground application verification.
- Author(s): Yuhai Gu ; Shuo Liu ; Yunbo Zuo ; Liyong Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8760 –8764
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9100
- Type: Article
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By connecting the symmetrical spiral inductive sensor to the oil return pipeline of the lubricating oil, a full flow online detection of the size, quantity and other parameters of the tiny metal debris particles in the lubricating oil solution is realised. Inductive sensors are used to excite symmetrical double helix coils, and alternating electromagnetic fields are generated. Changes in induced electromotive force are detected by the centre induction coil. In order to improve the detection accuracy of tiny metal debris particles, the degree of anti-jamming of the excitation signal, and the transmission distance, a method of stimulating using sinusoidal AC steady current signals was designed. The sinusoidal signal generator is designed based on FPGA, and the sinusoidal AC steady current excitation signal is realised through differential amplification, low-pass filtering, and AC steady current amplification, and experimental verification is performed to achieve better excitation and detection results.
- Author(s): Shuo Liu ; Yulong Liu ; Yuhai Gu ; Xiaoli Xu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8765 –8769
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9101
- Type: Article
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Gear and its transmission are widely used in different transmission systems, and its complicated and changeable condition brings a series of problems to the fault feature extraction and diagnosis. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been gradually applied to feature extraction and pattern recognition, and the features of feature extraction and fault diagnosis in complex working environments have shown certain advantages. This study is based on stacked autoencoder under deep learning model, and improve training network performance by modified activation function. Through the network training before and after the experiment done, and to extract the fault feature data comparison in testing, improving network after activation function to extract fault features showed a greater advantage, can be a very good application in practical fault feature extraction.
- Author(s): Yuanyuan Sun ; Lili Guo ; Yongming Wang ; Zhongsong Ma ; Yi Niu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8770 –8775
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9102
- Type: Article
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The space application task is to carry out various scientific experiments and applied research by using the ability of space experiment of spacecraft. In the past 20 years, >50 space application studies have been carried out in Chinese manned space flight application system, >500 units have been involved in the previous flight missions, and fruitful results have been achieved. The white paper ‘Chinese spaceflight in 2016’ pointed out that in the next 5 years, Chinese satellite system will enhance the level and basic ability to construct the satellite system. Chinese manned space station project is scheduled to be completed ∼2022 and it will plan to operate >10 years. The space station, based on the world-wide integrated information network, has a large number of payloads and will become a national space laboratory. Space activities are full of risks and challenges. On the basis of a great deal of literatures, the method of avoiding space risk in the field of spaceflight is discussed. Aiming at the fault diagnosis task for space utilisation, the intelligent methods of deep learning including deep belief network, convolutional neural network and generative adversarial network are discussed.
- Author(s): Xiaohui Chen ; Jingxin Wang ; Jinglong Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8776 –8780
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9103
- Type: Article
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For the operation of the spinning frame in the spinning mill, Hall sensors are used to test the running rate of each axis of the spinning frame. In order to centrally monitor the operation of the spinning frame, analyse the production site environment, communication distance and node layout, ZigBee is used to establish a networked monitoring system to improve the stability of rate acquisition and enhance the stability of data transmission. According to the actual condition at the production site, the ZigBee traditional routing algorithm is improved to be more convenient and efficient in the textile mill environment and have the packet loss rate reduced. The rate collection node sends the collected data to the coordinator. The coordinator uploads the data to the upper computer by WI-FI module through WI-FI gateway. The results show that the improved routing algorithm greatly reduces the packet loss rate and the entire monitoring system is stable and reliable.
- Author(s): Mengshi Li ; Xingqiang Lu ; Jinjie Wu ; Siming Guo
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8781 –8785
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9104
- Type: Article
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Since Roentgen discovered X-rays, X-rays have been widely used in medical diagnosis and industrial non-destructive testing. With the improvement of the performance of aviation technology and instrumentation, higher requirements have been set for the calibration of detectors. X-ray machine performance is very important for calibration. Tube voltage, tube current, and inherent filtration are important parameters of the X-ray machine and directly affect the image imaging quality and radiation dose. Here, the voltage performance of the X-ray machine was measured using HPGe detector. Measure the tube voltage of the X-ray machine using the end of the spectrum method, it is shown that the performance of the X-ray machine shows the tube voltage within ±2%. Measurement of the linearity of the X-ray tube current and current stability using the PTW30013 ionisation chamber. The relative deviation of the actual measured tube current is 0.08%. The inherent filtration of the X-ray machine was measured by the half-value layer method, and the inherent filtration was 0.058 mm Al. The inherent filtration of the K-fluorescent device was measured to be 1.487 mm Al.
- Author(s): Wenjie Chai ; Yibo Zhang ; Quan Li
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8786 –8789
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9106
- Type: Article
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A spherical robot is a machine with a unique appearance and novel function. The spherical robot function designed in this study is limited to the movement in all directions. The principle is that the centroid of the spherical robot deviates from the centroid to create an unbalanced state, which drives the movement of the spherical robot. The structure of the spherical robot is mainly composed of a ball screw, two self-rotating frames, and a spherical shell. Its action is similar to that of the ‘Euphorbia’ – A self-aligning frame and a ball screw form a spherical coordinate system. Through the rotation of two self-rotating frames, a spherical coordinate is formed. The two corners of the system move in a vertical direction through the ball screw to achieve the movement of the target centre of mass on the polar axis.
- Author(s): Sicheng Wang ; Hongjun Wang ; Qiushi Han ; Yangjie Gao ; Lun Ge
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8790 –8793
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9107
- Type: Article
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CNC machine tools play important role in industries. The dynamic characteristics of the machine tools are the main factor which affected the status of a machine tools. A three-dimensional model of a five-axis CNC machine tool was built by using PRO/E. First, the model was imported into ANSYS software in order to analyse the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool; the first six natural frequencies and vibration modes of the machine tool were obtained through modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. The accuracy of the finite element analysis model was verified through the experimental results. Finally, the optimisation suggestions of the machine tool structure were proposed.
- Author(s): Lun Ge ; Hongjun Wang ; Jishou Xing
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8794 –8796
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9108
- Type: Article
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Maintenance robot is used widely in industries due to its convenience. The maintenance robot system is introduced. The hardware frame is designed in detail. Based on gesture recognition, the effect of controlling the robot movement is achieved. Gesture recognition information is achieved through the acquisition of human skeleton information by a Kinect sensor. The construction of the gesture library is done. The maintenance robot control system is set up to control the omnidirectional mobile robot driven by the Mecanum wheel. Finally, the maintenance robot is developed and the design functions are carried out.
- Author(s): Zhuo Xu and Yahui Nie
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8797 –8801
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9109
- Type: Article
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There are mechanical coupling interference and hydraulic coupling interference in the vehicle wheel bridge simulation loading system based on secondary regulation, which can cause the control accuracy of the system to decrease obviously and seriously affect the control performance of the system. In order to eliminate the coupling interference between systems, two decoupling methods are proposed, one way to do this is to join the decoupling element, and the other is to join the robust compensator. The simulation results show that the decoupling control of decoupling element has a good decoupling effect on mechanical coupling, but it has no effect on hydraulic coupling. Robust decoupling control has a good decoupling effect on mechanical coupling and hydraulic coupling.
- Author(s): Yiqian He ; Min Huang ; Weiwei Sun
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8802 –8805
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9110
- Type: Article
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To improve the reliability of current signal monitoring tool wear status, a method based on Mahalanobis distance to identify tool wear status is proposed. First, the obtained current signal is analysed in time domain, frequency domain and wavelet domain, and several features that have good correlation with tool wear status are selected to form the feature vector. The feature vector of the current signal in normal tool wear status is taken as the reference vector. Then calculate the Mahalanobis distance value of the feature vectors of the current signal of the tool with moderate wear and severe wear, so that two corresponding thresholds T 1 and T 2 can be obtained. The feature vector of an unknown wear status is calculated using the Mahalanobis distance and then compared with the two thresholds obtained previously. When the calculated value is between threshold T 1 and T 2, the tool is judged to be in moderate wear status. When its Mahalanobis distance value is greater than the threshold T 2, it is judged that the tool has been seriously worn. Finally, multiple unknown wear status is identified. It is believed that the recognition method based on Mahalanobis distance can accurately determine the tool wear status.
- Author(s): Bai Xu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8806 –8811
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9111
- Type: Article
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Based on laser power meter calibration requirements, through the purchase of standard equipment and field monitoring equipment developed, standard laser detector, optical path related equipment, such as construction of laser radiation power meter calibration test system, implementation of laser power meter of laboratory test and vehicle, large equipment form a complete set of laser power meter field test and field test of the radiated power of the laser equipment. Calibration system is introduced in detail the composition and working principle of the uncertainty of the system are analysed in detail, and through the system stability test, laser power, beam monitoring and correction device performance test, ate test for power meter calibration experiment data analysis, proved in this study, the laser power meter calibration method provided will enable calibration system, the expanded uncertainty of relative reached 2% (k = 2), which can realise wavelength of 532 and 1064 nm, power measuring the range of 0.1 mW–20 W laser power meter calibration.
- Author(s): Zeyuan Li ; Baojie Xu ; Min Huang ; Hong Gao
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8812 –8815
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9112
- Type: Article
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At present, the box type cargo picking robot mostly adopts the sucker type end-effector in the logistics industry in china. In the light of the disadvantages and limitation of the complex heavy pneumatic devices used in the existing sucker type end-effector, a new type of clamping end-effector's structure is designed here. Relying on the clamp, flip, clamping to realise the pickup of the box goods. Only by stepping motor as the driving device, the weight of the driving system is greatly reduced, so that the overall structure of the robot is lightweight and the selection efficiency is improved. The finite element analysis of key components improves the feasibility of structural design. The finite element analysis of key components verifies the feasibility of the structure design and provides references for subsequent optimisation.
- Author(s): Hongyun Xu ; Xiaoli Xu ; Yunbo Zuo
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8816 –8819
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9113
- Type: Article
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When a single image segmentation method is used for image segmentation of wind turbine blade images under a complex background, the results obtained are not accurate and complete. This article proposes an image segmentation algorithm that applies morphology to Canny edge detection. It uses morphological opening to erode and dilate the binary image after Canny algorithm processing, and removes redundant edge information to obtain a complete fan blade image. Experimental results show that the results obtained by the image segmentation method proposed here have good integrity and accuracy, and can improve the segmentation effect of the image.
- Author(s): Yue Zhang ; Yang Zhang ; Shiwei Fan ; Kai Wang ; Pan Jiang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8820 –8823
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9114
- Type: Article
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Combining two-dimensional code recognition technology with database technology, indoor location and navigation methods which are not easy to be interfered by other signals and have low cost are studied, and indoor location and navigation system based on two-dimensional code and database is designed. The research results show that the two-dimensional code recognition technology and database technology can achieve efficient and precise indoor location and navigation, and improve the efficiency and reduce the efficiency.
- Author(s): Bo Wang ; Jinjie Wu ; Haiyan Du ; Siming Guo ; Shiwei Ren
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8824 –8828
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9116
- Type: Article
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In recent years, the measurement of X-rays has attracted much attention. Especially in the aspects of environmental monitoring, radiation protection, and radiation therapy, to obtain more accurate measurement values, it is necessary to set up a corresponding reference device to trace the magnitude. This paper aims to establish a 350–450 kV wide spectrum and high air-kerma rate X-ray radiant mass. First, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to simulate the establishment of a model of the light engine, and the energy spectra of different tube voltages and different additional filters were calculated to obtain the average photon energy. Then the average photon energy was compared with the extrapolated average photon energy so that the deviation was within ±5%. Finally, half-value measurements are made on additional filters that meet the requirements.
- Author(s): Guoxin Wu ; Xiaoli Xu ; Shanghong Wang ; Xu Jia
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8829 –8833
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9117
- Type: Article
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The human–machine dialogue system allows people and the machine to communicate basically. This technology is also attracting more and more attention. It is conducive to the realisation of resource sharing, inheritance, and protection of Dongba culture worldwide to analyse the Naxi speech recognition for the protection and inheritance needs of Naxi Dongba culture. The model was established for Naxi speaker recognition, and the method is studied with text-independent speaker speech voice recognition. The practical analysis method was used to compare the application effect of Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and hidden Markov model (HMM) in the processing of speaker recognition in Naxi speaker's pronunciation. It is very useful to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a Naxi language-based human–computer interaction system to find out the speaker's voice characteristics, personality differences, and different regions. This is a theoretically necessary analysis of ethnic minority languages and the protection of ethnic and folk cultures. It can also provide practical significance for carrying out ethnic cultural differences analysis.
- Author(s): Jing Chen ; Yanxin Zhang ; Yuanyuan Jiang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8834 –8838
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9118
- Type: Article
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Aiming at the problem of poor classification and recognition rate for distorted texture image based on single texture feature, a classification method of texture image based on multi-features fusion is proposed. First, the corresponding GLCM features, HOG features, and HU moment features were extracted from the segmented texture images. Then, the three feature matrices were cascaded into a new feature matrix, and the principal component analysis method was used to reduce the dimension of the new feature matrix. Finally, the fused feature matrix was inputted to the support vector machine (SVM) for training, so that the final discriminant model was obtained. The model is applied to the classification of distorted texture images and compared with the single texture feature classification method through experiment. The results show that the multi-features fusion classification method improves the classification accuracy of distorted texture images and has better real-time performance.
- Author(s): Baixing Fan ; Weihu Zhou ; Hao Luan ; Minzhi Xiang ; Deli Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8839 –8842
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9120
- Type: Article
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Here, in order to calibrate the magnetostrictive liquid-level meter in situ, a set of in-situ calibration device for magnetostrictive liquid-level meter is designed. The structure and working principle of the device are described, and the experimental test and error analysis are carried out for the parts of the in-situ calibration device. Finally, according to the modern instrument and error theory, the accuracy of the calibration device is assessed, and the field calibration experiment of magnetostrictive liquid level gauge is carried out. The theoretical analysis and field experiment results show that the calibrated device can meet the in-situ calibration requirements of the magnetostrictive liquid-level meter with a range of 0–6 m and a precision of 1 mm.
- Author(s): Zhanglei Jiang ; Yapeng Wu ; Jun Li ; Yaru Liu ; Jifang Wang ; Xiaoli Xu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8843 –8847
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9121
- Type: Article
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The original signal of rolling bearing fault contains a large number of phase coupling components and is easily submerged in the background noise, which make the fault information difficult to be extracted accurately. Aiming at the above problems, a method of fault feature extraction for rolling bearing is proposed, which combines empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with a 1.5-dimensional spectrum. The original signal is decomposed by EMD to obtain the intrinsic modal function (IMF) of different scales. The IMF is selected by the size of a correlation coefficient and a kurtosis value to eliminate the high-frequency components, which is reconstructed to achieve the purpose of noise reduction. The reconstructed Hilbert envelope signal is analysed by the 1.5-dimensional spectrum to extract the nonlinear characteristic of two phase couplings, so that the fault characteristic frequency of the bearing is obtained. By analysing the signal of actual rolling bearings, the fault characteristic frequency of bearing inner and outer rings can be effectively extracted, and the validity and feasibility of the method are proved.
- Author(s): Wei Yang and Hongjun Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8848 –8851
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9123
- Type: Article
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Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery plays an important role for the reliability and safety of modern industrial systems, and it is challenging to detect the weak character signal in the noisy background. This article presents an improved resonance sparse decomposition method for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. The PSO algorithm is used to optimise the quality factor of the resonance sparse decomposition, which can overcome the deficiency caused by the manual given quality factor in the traditional resonance sparse decomposition method and achieve the effective separation of resonance components. An envelope analysis of the low-resonance decomposition including the major fault components was performed to extract the fault feature frequency. Based on this, the two decomposition methods are applied to the fault diagnosis of the inner and outer rings of the bearing, respectively. The experimental results show that the improved resonance sparse decomposition method can reduce the interference components when extracting the frequency of fault features and improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.
- Author(s): Quancun Kong ; Dong Li ; Guili Liu ; Rongkun Luo ; Zhiqiang Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8852 –8857
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9124
- Type: Article
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To solve the problems of missed detection, repeated detection and low precision in the process of subpixel corner point detection of black-and-white checkerboard used for calibrating microscopic devices in complexed industrial environment, a new detection method based on greyscale constraint on the four-neighbourhood diagonal was proposed in the paper. By analysing geometric characteristics of the four-neighbourhood region and the grayscale features in diagonal direction, the SINC greyscale distribution was adopted to constrain corner point position, which realised rapid detection of subpixel corner point. Comparing with the existing methods, in the new method proposed the rate of repeated detection and missed detection decreased by about 20% and 2% respectively, which achieved a high rate of detecting accuracy over 99.9%. Meanwhile, the maximum error of corner point detection lowered from ±0.6pix to ±0.3pix, which showed that precision improved by about 50%. Finally, microscopic calibrating experiments used for micro-hole centring system were carried out. The results show centring error was reduced from 10 μm (before calibration) to 3 μm (after calibration), and centring precision was increased by about 75%. It demonstrated that the new method improved the accuracy and precision effectively, which verified its applicable feasibility of microscopic calibration used in industry spots.
- Author(s): Deliang Zhang ; Wanchang Lai ; Jinjie Wu ; Haiyan Du ; Rui Zhao ; Song Fan
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8858 –8861
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9126
- Type: Article
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In order to calibrate radiation protection instruments and determine radiation dose, it is critical to establish an X-ray narrow-spectrum series recommended by the standard ISO 4037-1 which is published by the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO). By experiment, the qualities of filtered X radiation of narrow-spectrum series in the range from 60 to 300 kV were established. The differences of the first half-value layer (HVL1) and the second HVL (HVL2) between experimental results and the values given in the standard ISO 4037-1 were all within 5%. What is more, the Monte Carlo code EGSnrc was used to simulate the spectra of these radiation qualities, which showed a good agreement with these spectra given in the standard ISO 4037-1. The spectral resolution, mean energy and effective energy of these reference qualities can be obtained, which are all have good agreement with the given values.
- Author(s): Pangshi Wei and Hongjun Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8862 –8866
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9127
- Type: Article
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As one of the core components of the machine tool, the reliability of spindle is very important for improving machine tool quality. To effectively evaluate the performance degradation degree of the spindle, a method of degradation evaluation of the spindle performance based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and random forests (RFs) was proposed. Firstly, VMD is used to process the current signal to obtain several modal components. Then, the time domain and frequency domain features of each modes component are calculated as eigenvalues. Finally, the RFs algorithm is used to classify the eigenvalues. The experimental results show that VMD can decompose the signal better and avoid the phenomenon of the modal mixture. The combination of VMD and RFs can accurately and effectively evaluate the performance degradation of the spindle.
- Author(s): Xiwei Zhao and Xiaoli Xu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8867 –8870
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9128
- Type: Article
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In this study, a diagnostic method for gear wear fault is proposed, which is based on the ultra-complete independent component analysis. The ultra-complete analysis model is constructed, and the similar source signals more than mixing signals are separated. Based on the typical features of the fault source signal, the useful component of the mixing signals can be found. As the fault source signal and similar fault source signal are similar, the magnification range of similar shapes can be estimated by using the interval estimation method. The mapping between one-way varying magnification time domain and rotary component fault degree is identified, and the fault degree judgment standard can be established. Thus, the fault degree can be determined. The method is used to deal with the state monitoring data of the gear, and the analysis results show that the diagnostic method is of practical value.
- Author(s): Dengchao Feng and Aowei Li
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8871 –8875
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9129
- Type: Article
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Low altitude airspace mobile weather service is based on the short service of meteorological services in China's rapidly developing low altitude navigation industry. Through the analysis of the weather information data acquisition status and the analysis of the main meteorological service software products in the market, it is concluded that professional low altitude weather service software products are needed to meet the demand of low altitude aircraft operation. The software interface design of low altitude airspace mobile meteorological service demand function is analysed, and the Android technology is used to design and implement the client interface of meteorological services.
- Author(s): Yanhai Zhang ; Xiaoli Xu ; Yunbo Zuo ; Xiangqi Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8876 –8879
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9130
- Type: Article
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According to the analysis characteristic of the on-line sensor of the mechanical device, the on-line magnetic field of the double excitation sensor is analysed by using the most advanced F-30 multi-dimensional digital magnetic measurement system. Using F-30 mode scanning analysis of the dual incentive sensor of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D characteristics, a system of a 3D mesh of the sensor is obtained, the 3D graph, the 3D graphic model, at last, through export data for magnetic field distribution of more detailed information. The accuracy of the F-30 magnetic field analysis system is very high, and the field distribution information of the sensor is more practical. This analysis is of a great reference value for the experimental analysis of the sensor.
- Author(s): Linxi Li ; Jianlin Zhong ; Hongjun Wang ; Yangjie Gao
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8880 –8883
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9134
- Type: Article
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Machine chatter phenomenon has a great influence on the stability during the machining process of the machine tool. It has a great limitation on the machining efficiency of the machine tool and the machining accuracy of the product. The flutter of a machining center will appear when a certain machining center reaching a particular speed. The chatter will occur at a specific frequency. With the increase in the depth of cutting and the spindle speed, the value of chatter frequency will have complex changes; through the vibration test, it was confirmed that the two chatter frequencies are the natural frequencies of the product system and the spindle system, respectively. Improve the optimisation parameters and propose ways to suppress chatter.
- Author(s): Shasha Liu ; Zhan Xu ; Zhigang Tian
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8884 –8887
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9135
- Type: Article
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Network function virtualisation (NFV) represents one of the key enablers of the next generation mobile network systems (5G). NFV allows running virtual network functions (NFs) as software components on top of a virtualisation system (i.e. virtual machines or containers) hosted in a cloud, allowing high flexibility and elasticity to deploy network services and functions. Therefore, the NFs in 5G core network can be deployed on the common hardware platform in the form of software. In this study, network repository function (NRF) is implemented in Docker-based NFV platform in the form of JSON + HTTP/2.0 that supports service discovery function. The performance of NRF is also tested on real hardware platforms, including NF Register, NF Update, and NF Deregister. From the experimental data, it can be seen that the NRF in the NFV-based 5G architecture has good performance, and Docker-based NFV platform is more flexible than traditional communication networks.
- Author(s): Yujie Deng ; Zhan Xu ; Zhigang Tian
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8888 –8890
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9136
- Type: Article
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With the improvement of people's quality of life, the demand for three-dimensional (3D) video has gradually grown in recent years. However, there are many challenges to providing high-definition and high-fidelity 3D video. One of the most difficult challenges for users to provide 3D video is a large amount of energy lost during 3D video transmission. In this study, the authors present a 3D resource allocation system architecture, which can effectively alleviate the problem of large transmission energy loss. They propose that multiple users in a small cell can share video resources in the downlink from the cloud to the client. In the cloud processing, multiple users can share part of the cloud computing work cycle. In the downlink, multiple users can share part of video resources. They presume that some share output bits can be multicast to overall users, and the other bits can be sent to every user in unicast. They model this and derive the simulation results. The simulation results show that the resource allocation scheme in this study achieves greater energy savings under certain conditions than the traditional case without sharing the resource.
- Author(s): Tianshu Wu ; Shuai Wang ; Xiaoyu Shi
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8891 –8894
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9138
- Type: Article
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The resource management of virtualisation system is a core issue in the field of cloud computing. For achieving the goal of efficient manage system resource without performance loss in clouding environment, the authors propose an optimal load balancing controller to assign the resource to different virtual machines, which run on a single physical server. Here, the authors focus on dynamical web workloads that the system resource management problem can be formulated as a dynamical optimisation problem. In the face of dynamical and robust workloads, the authors present an alternative approach based on the constrained boundary linear quadratic control (cBLQC) method, the optimal resource allocation scheme is solved by minimising the quadratic cost function with constrains on the system input and output. Different with existing works that assume a particular distribution for system noise or ignore the noise directly, the authors loosen the restrictions on system noise, which simply assume that system noise belongs with some reasonable norm-bounded set. Experiments on the Xen-based platform with a set of workload patterns show that the efficiency of authors’ method in terms of control precision and stability.
- Author(s): Yongxiang Jiang ; Peng Wang ; Sanpeng Deng ; Yuming Qi ; Longjia Ma ; Zijing Wang ; Tianjiang Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8895 –8899
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9139
- Type: Article
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Eye diseases caused by long times of use of visual display terminal (VDT) products is considered as a serious problem in recent years. The eye fatigue monitoring is significant for early warning. Here, an unconstrained measuring method is used to extract Ballistocardiogram (BCG) by acceleration sensor. The acceleration signals are acquired by installing the sensor on seat back. Adaptive threshold wavelet transform is processed for denosing non-linear noise interference such as power line interference, baseline drift, random movement of human body, and ground vibration. Frequency domain filtering and IFFT are applied to extract BCG from acceleration sensor. RR interval of ECG and JJ interval of BCG in time domain have the similar cycle, and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.9918, which prove the feasibility to extract BCG from vibration signals using unconstrained method.
- Author(s): Junping Zhang ; Chuang Zuo ; Rongjun Ye
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8900 –8904
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9141
- Type: Article
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This study analysed the influence of bearing preload on the stiffness of spindle bearings. MATLAB/Simulink is used to calculate the vibration of simplified spindle system. The vibration of the simplified spindle system decreases with the increase of bearing preload. A kind of force output characteristics of piezoelectric actuators test device was designed. Experimental analysis of the maximum force output characteristic, hysteresis characteristic, creep characteristic and stability characteristic of PSt 150/4/7 VS9-type piezoelectric actuators under different initial loads, voltage frequencies, cycles working and voltage travel. The evaluating indexes are the maximum output force, average hysteresis, maximum deviation, drift amount and cycle delay. In conclusion that the piezoelectric actuator has better repeatability and stability under the initial load is around 150 N and low-voltage frequency. It is not suitable for multiple cycles working. The increment of output force is proportional to starting voltage at same voltage travel. MATLAB/Simulink is used to calculate the feasibility of variable bearing preload strategy based on a piezoelectric actuator. It provided scientific references for the research of high performance and intelligent spindle.
- Author(s): Yongbin Chen ; Guitang Wang ; Liming Wu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8905 –8909
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9142
- Type: Article
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Feature point matching plays an important role in feature-based image registration such as the scale-invariant feature transform algorithm. Feature-based image registration is widely used in visual simultaneous localisation and mapping, augmented reality, self-driving etc. The most meaningful study on feature matching is to improve the accuracy and efficiency and this study pays attention to improving the accuracy by removing the mismatching feature points. Since most of the existed feature-based image registration algorithms are not so strong and efficient enough in mismatch removing, in this study, the authors propose a novel mismatch removal algorithm by incorporating depth prediction into feature matching to improve the performance. In this approach, the depth maps are predicted in pixel-wise through the given red–green–blue images using a deep learning algorithm. Experimental results show that their method outperforms conventional ones in mismatch removing.
- Author(s): Jiang Yongxiang ; Duan Jingle ; Deng Sanpeng ; Qi Yuming ; Wang Peng ; Wang Zijing ; Zhang Tianjiang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8910 –8914
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9143
- Type: Article
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Unbalanced body pressure distribution caused by poor sitting posture is a significant factor causing lumbar disease. Research on the dynamic adjustment strategy for comfort sitting posture is of great significance to the prevention and improvement of lumbar disease. In this study, based on the pressure sensor array, the body pressure distribution in different sitting postures are obtained, including: back bow, waist bow, body slip, body right leaning, standard sitting position, and body left leaning. The recognition of the human body posture was achieved using the support vector machine algorithm and the accuracy rate reach to 83.33%. Furthermore, the evaluation indicators for sitting comfort of the human body are proposed using the maximum pressure, average pressure, maximum pressure gradient, average pressure gradient and asymmetry coefficient, the accuracy of the above indicators were verified using semantic differential subjective evaluation method. Experimental results show that there is a strong positive correlation between objective indicators and seat comfort. In addition, the dynamic adjustment strategy using airbag base on seat comfort evaluation is studied.
- Author(s): Xun Liu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8915 –8918
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9146
- Type: Article
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In this study, the important role of the household gas safety information terminal in the gas supply industry is introduced, and the necessity of studying the new type of the household gas safety information terminal is pointed out. Then, the function and specification of the terminal are introduced. The system design scheme of the terminal is described, including gas, photoelectric reading conversion device, valve, wireless communication module, pressure detection unit, gas leak detection unit, and control unit; the characteristics, functions, and performance indexes of each part of the system are described in detail. Finally, the practical application effect of the terminal is given.
- Author(s): Xia Qi ; Dengchao Feng ; Junjie Luo
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8919 –8922
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9147
- Type: Article
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Britain, in addition to its airports, has suffered from drone attacks in its prisons. Suspects use drones to transport contraband such as drugs or cell phones to inmates in a new challenge to British prison safety. In China, the means of manpower prevention, physical protection, technical prevention are comprehensively applied, the integrated loss prevention and crime prevention system of land-space is the guarantee of prison safety. Firstly, the integrated loss prevention and crime prevention system of air and land is devoted to the construction of intelligent video surveillance system, the personnel location management, the cooperation and information sharing between video surveillance technology and management system, and the perfection of ‘low, slow’ in the low altitude airspace of the prison. Small ‘aircraft’ and other systems, such as timely early warning, all-weather monitoring, strong expulsion and safety capture, combine the two information together to build a model of accurate information, rapid organisation, well-informed decision-making, well-managed and effective safety and prevention, to ensure the safety of the prison.
- Author(s): Huihuang Zhao ; Yaonan Wang ; Jinhua Zheng ; Zhijun Qiao ; Yun Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8923 –8926
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9148
- Type: Article
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This study aims to improve the performance in solder joint image compression and reconstruction. A novel adaptive block compressive sensing with convex optimisation and Gini index (Ad_BCSGB_Gini) methodology for solder joint image compression and reconstruction is proposed. At first, the image is split into square blocks and each block is resized into a row which consists of a new image. Then, the new image is transformed into a sparse signal by an orthogonal basis matrix, and the image reconstruction is handled as a convex optimisation problem. Moreover, a gradient-based method which has fast computational speed is used to reconstruct image. There is a control factor which controls a norm l 1 in the optimisation problem. To achieve the best performance, at last, the proposed method adaptively selects the best result by comparing Gini index of the reconstruction results based on different control factor values. Experimental results with different methods indicate that the Ad_BCSGB_Gini method is able to achieve the best performance in quantisation comparison than several classical algorithms, and Ad_BCSGB_Gini has a good robustness.
- Author(s): Hongchang Sun ; Ruijun Ma ; Sangpeng Deng ; Lina Li ; Jian Zhang ; Yuming Qi ; Yu Feng ; Tianjiang Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8927 –8931
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9150
- Type: Article
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Micro-linear motor, is the key feed components which is based on macro–micro-motion control technology, the accuracy of its movement directly determines the accuracy of ultra-precision machining level. Based on the study of the open servo characteristics of POWER program multiple axis controller (PMAC), a fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) composite control technology is applied to the servo control of the motor. The fuzzy control is used to improve the response speed and dynamic performance of the system, and the precise PID control is used to realise the precise position control. In this study, based on the analysis of linear motor installation and load characteristics, the use of smooth switching fuzzy PID composite control algorithm is applied to the micro-feed motor control. Due to the introduction of the smoothing weighting function, the composite fuzzy PID servo control mode of dual mode switching is implemented without disturbance switching. Finally, the effect of the control algorithm is verified by experiments, especially in the case of small errors, this algorithm still reflects the ability to adapt to the impact of interference.
- Author(s): Long Bai ; Xiaolong Huang ; Xiangquan Liu ; Hong Gao ; Min Huang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8932 –8936
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9151
- Type: Article
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Aiming at the problem of the detect and rescue in the coal mine with the leaking vas, a type of pneumatic hexapod explored robot which uses a high pressure nitrogen cylinder as the power producer is designed. The leg mechanism is designed with three degrees of freedom, the straight line walking and turning gaits are planned, which are testified by the virtual prototype. The control loop of the cylinder is designed with the magnetic valve with three positions and five paths. The air bottle, the reducing valve, the general follow control part (GFC) the magnetic valve with three positions and five paths, the cylinder are selected and the air supply loop of the hole machine is designed, the 3D model of the hole machine is built which is used to confirm the installing form of the hole body. The experimental prototype is obtained at last. The power supply and control circuits of the magnetic valves are designed, the control series is written on the Arduino single chip. The experiment of the leg swing of the robot on the stage is proceeded which verifies the correctness of the design.
- Author(s): Jing He ; Buchong Yang ; Changfan Zhang ; Songan Mao ; Laicheng Shi
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8937 –8941
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9152
- Type: Article
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This study investigates the coordinated braking strategy integrated with sliding mode control for multiple high-speed trains, to solve the problem of non-linear couplers between trains and uncertainty during the braking process. First, a multi-agent model with power between trains and uncertainty is established. Secondly, a sliding mode consistency tracking controller is designed. The consensus algorithm assures the consistency convergence of speed of each carriage. Sliding mode variable structure term is used to deal with the compound interference item consisting of non-linearity and uncertainty. Finally, it is demonstrated by a simulation experiment that, the algorithm can well deal with compound disturbance term so that high accuracy is obtained during the parking process.
- Author(s): Zhaoqi Zhong ; Xiaolong Chen ; Huiting Huan
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8942 –8945
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9153
- Type: Article
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This study describes a method based on the measurement of a reflection coefficient to determine the dielectric constant of a sample by near-field microwave. A mathematical relation between the reflection coefficient and the parameters of a lumped circuit was derived referring to an impedance model of the probe−sample interaction. Theoretical analysis was performed to verify the equivalent model of the interaction between the probe and the sample which is equivalent to the parallel connection of multiple capacitors in a lumped circuit. By considering an equivalent model between the probe and the sample in the near field, the parameter measured by the instrument was converted into the impedance parameter between the needle tip and the sample in the near field, and the impedance parameter was used to obtain the equivalent capacitance of the sample, and the dielectric constant of the sample under testing can be deduced. Different samples under near-field probes were modelled in a high-frequency structure simulator. Using a known dielectric constant, the reflection coefficient can be calculated from the coaxial probe model, and compared with the simulation results. The feasibility of the near-field probe in determining dielectric properties is verified.
- Author(s): Ting Lu ; Xiaolong Chen ; Wenhao Bai
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8946 –8950
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9154
- Type: Article
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This study studies the technology of environmental monitoring and control in an intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) perception. To improve the issue of small coverage and low stability in the traditional environmental parameter testing, a new environment monitoring technique based on intelligent perception is proposed. The technical framework consists of three layers, intelligent perception layer, network communication layer, and application layer. The intelligent perception collects and transmits data to the application-level server via the network communication layer for data analysis and diversified display. Based on this technique, we constructed a smart home environment monitoring and control system. The experimental test result shows that the system can accurately collect and process the data through the server and diversified displayed, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of this technique which is potential for further application.
- Author(s): Tong Yin and Xiaolong Chen
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8951 –8954
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9155
- Type: Article
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AD converter is one of the core components in the signal acquisition system. The quality of the signal acquisition system is mainly determined by its internal analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) characteristics. However, because of the non-linearity of the ADC itself, the dynamic acquisition range of the ADC is greatly affected. Here, the broadband dither technique in the signal acquisition process is studied. Dither signals are added to the input signal to increase the dynamic acquisition range of ADC. Here, the dithering process was first simulated through Simulink and subsequently an FPGA-based broadband dithering module experiment platform was built. The process of signal dithering was implemented. The data were analysed with Simulink and the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of the ADC is obtained. The broadband dither signal can randomise the harmonic distortion phenomenon, verifying that the dithering technique can improve the SFDR of ADC.
- Author(s): Niu Lei ; Feiyan Jiang ; Lu Sun
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8955 –8958
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9156
- Type: Article
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Currently, S-parameters are commonly used in the design, measurement, and modelling of microwave circuits, but it is only suitable for linear small-signal conditions and not suitable for large-signal conditions. X-parameter is more accurate than the S-parameter in characterising the non-linearity of the device or the microwave circuit, and the artificial neural network has significant advantages in predicting the non-linearity of the system. Based on theoretical analysis, this article selects the GaN HEMT device CGH40010F for X-parameter modelling. Using X-parameter generator of ADS software, the X-parameters of the device were obtained. An X-parameter model based on BP neural network was built using MATLAB neural network box. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the test data with the model prediction data.
- Author(s): Zhiyuan Chen ; Xiuhai Cui ; Ning Ma ; Datong Liu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8959 –8965
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9157
- Type: Article
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The traditional satellite prognostic and health management (PHM) mostly relies on the satellite downlink telemetry data. Nowadays, the application of satellite becomes more diversification and its function becomes much more complicated. As a result, the telemetry data cannot meet the data requirements for satellite PHM due to the limited resources of telemetry channels and low sampling rate. Therefore, satellite in-orbit embedded testing was proposed. In order to satisfy the requirement of large volumes of data acquisition and transmission in satellite in-orbit embedded testing, this article proposes a new data agreement by the modification of the Modbus protocol to unified control 5-lane MLVDS bus. Therefore, a multi-channel parallel MLVDS data transmission bus is proposed to realise the data transmission from the data collection end to the information processing end of the PHM system on-board. The bus protocol designed here is implemented by using the Programmable Logic Part on the Xilinx XC7Z045.
- Author(s): Haoran Yang ; Jinxiang Yu ; Shaojun Wang ; Xiyuan Peng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8966 –8971
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9159
- Type: Article
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The on-board target tracking of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relies on on-board computer to process the collected ground image information, and then use the target tracking algorithm to achieve the target tracking function, which provides the user with target position, trajectory and other information. UAVs are limited by load and power consumption. Due to the high resolution and frame rate of UAV's image collection system, traditional target tracking platforms cannot meet the requirements. As a result, the real-time nature of the tracking platform urgently needs to be resolved. This study designs and implements the airborne ground target tracking accelerator for UAV. The kernelised correlation filters (KCFs) algorithm with low computational complexity and precision is selected to achieve the airborne ground target tracking function and its performance bottleneck is analysed. In order to improve the real-time performance of the tracking task processing, the ZYNQ platform based on ARM and field programmable gate arrays is chosen to achieve the hardware acceleration of the KCF algorithm. The KCF algorithm is implemented in hardware using the high-level synthesis technology, and a high-speed data transmission link is established. Experiments show that the design can achieve a tracking rate of more than 30 FPS under 960 × 540 resolution, which meets the real-time requirements of UAV target tracking task.
- Author(s): Ronghua Zhang and Song Ye
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8972 –8974
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9160
- Type: Article
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This article proposes the use of phase angle gradient as a feature to detect and classify different types of defects. Based on the principle of eddy-current testing (ECT), the ECT platform was designed and manufactured. Based on phase-sensitive demodulation principle, the phase angle and gradient of the detected signal are analysed. The results show that the phase angles and phase angle gradients of different types of defect detection signals show different trends; the phase angle gradient of the integrated position direction and frequency direction can effectively identify the defect type.
- Author(s): Zeqiang Bian ; Wei Chong ; Lei Ding ; Wei Yang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8975 –8979
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9161
- Type: Article
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Radiation observation data are important basic data for assessment and research of climate change and solar energy resources. Quality control of radiation observation data is an important guarantee for accurate and reliable observation. First, the global radiation data collection method and the quality control process are introduced, and the differences and similarities between different quality control standards are compared in detail. Then, the quality control contents of the upper and lower limits and the rate of change are analysed theoretically and verified by experiments. Theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the lower limit of the global radiation irradiance quality control should be −20 W/m2, the upper limit should be 2221 W/m2 or based on solar position, and the wrong change rate of sampling value should be 1000 W/m2. Through the unification of the global radiation quality control standards, the difference caused by the inconsistent quality control methods can be avoided, thus improving the effectiveness of the radiation observation data and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the radiation observation data.
- Author(s): Tianshu Wu ; Shuyu Chen ; Peng Wu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8980 –8985
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9162
- Type: Article
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In view of the actual problems existing in life-cycle health monitoring and diagnosis of large complex equipment, the machine-learning algorithm is applied to data mining of the equipment operation big data, the expert knowledge base is established, the diagnosis rules related to the fault are obtained, the intelligent online monitoring and remote diagnosis of the equipment health condition are realised. The system uses uncertain fault prediction method and hybrid intelligent algorithm to discover the hierarchical association between operation feature big data and operation faults, the feature extraction of operation faults, and the intelligent diagnosis of operation faults. It effectively improved the sensitivity, robustness, and accuracy of monitoring and diagnosis. In the cloud service platform based on the Internet of things, the system realises the intelligent fault prediction and diagnosis, establishes a proactive maintenance system, improves the production efficiency, and ensures the production safety.
- Author(s): Fuqiang Zhou ; Shaohong Wang ; Yintao Wei
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8986 –8990
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9163
- Type: Article
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Here, the authors propose an energy method to obtain the friction coefficient of a rubber block sliding on self-affine substrates via simulation. Due to the multi-scale property, the rough surfaces are modelled with four harmonic rigid frictionless roads. As the rubber block is a viscoelastic solid, energy dissipation in the contact area results in friction. The authors propose a new simulation method to obtain friction coefficient through energy dissipation. With different loads and sliding velocities, the change law of friction coefficient is calculated. The authors design a test instrument to verify the friction coefficients of rubber on some certain surface. The findings of this research constitute a theoretical basis for safe tire design and tire grip improvements.
- Author(s): Xia Li ; Xiaoyuan Deng ; Song Zhang ; Jiao Zhan ; Li Wu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8991 –8994
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9164
- Type: Article
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According to the current legal metrological regulation of diaphragm gas meter, domestic gas meters in China are required to pass mandatory initial verification at 20°C, and then a 10 years' legal duration is allowed without any subsequent or in-service verifications. Here, experimental study has been implemented to investigate the metrological performance and temperature adaptability of old diaphragm gas meters with different use age. Through the introduction of weighting factors, weighted mean errors are calculated to analyse the correlation between the indication errors of gas meters and their use age, as well as the relationship between the indication errors and test temperatures. Experimental results indicate that the use age of gas meters has negligible influence on their metrological performance during the 10 years' legal duration. However, the indication errors worsen as temperature varies.
- Author(s): Guangming Luo ; Pengguang Li ; Pengxu Wang ; Haoyi Zhang ; Yan Mo
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 8995 –9000
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9166
- Type: Article
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This article proposes an intelligent charge scheduling strategy for electric vehicles (EVs) in residential areas based on real-time guide (RTG) tariffs which are set dynamically according to the load information. The architecture of the system realises the interconnection of information on vehicles and distribution networks. The authors first establish a mathematical model, the objective of which is to accomplish the charging task in an economical way within a given deadline. The authors then introduce dual theory for a distributed computing to the model. EVs obtain an optimised charging plan using the intelligent charge scheduling system, which ensures the safe operation of the distribution transformer. Finally, taking the load curve of a residential area as an example, the Monte–Carlo simulation method is utilised to calculate the charging needs of customers based on actual customer charging behaviour. The distribution transformer load curve and average charge per vehicle are simulated under both uncoordinated and coordinated charging conditions, and the simulation results indicate that the scheduling strategy can reduce the required charge and achieve a smoother load curve, and is suitable for vehicle online scheduling.
- Author(s): Tianlin Zhang ; Sheng Chen ; Guozheng Xu ; Chao Wang ; Caiming Tan
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9001 –9005
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9167
- Type: Article
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To detect the joint angle of the manipulator accurately, a measuring method based on an IMU sensor is proposed. The sensor's attitude angles and corresponding rotation matrix are obtained according to the data of three-axis gyroscope and three-axis accelerometer. During the installation, the sensor's Z-axis direction is kept along with the motor's rotation axis direction, so that the angle of the sensor rotating around its Z-axis, which is the rotation angle of the motor, can be calculated by comparing the rotation relationship between the sensor's initial position and the sensor's position after the motor rotating. The largest source of result error derives from the inconsistent between the sensor's Z-axis direction and the motor's rotation axis direction. Consequently, an installation's error compensation method is designed to correct the sensor's Z-axis to the motor's rotation axis by rotating the related motor. The experiments show that the method can measure the joint angle of the manipulator accurately and calibrate the installation error effectively. The measurement result errors are confined <0.25°.
- Author(s): Ying Yang ; Yingjing Liang ; Guoqing Xu ; Jieming Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9006 –9012
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9168
- Type: Article
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It is hard for traction control to ensure the stability of vehicles because of the non-linearity, uncertainty and parameters variation of vehicle dynamics. A novel traction control model is presented in this study to obtain the optimal traction performance by taking the advantage of fast torque response of electric vehicles (EVs) and dealing with driver operation properly. A new judgement unit is designed to combine the optimal slip ratio controller with driver operation, and the driver's input is kept when the slip ratio exceeds the reference value. Further, an engineering design method of the slip ratio controller is researched in terms of speed range and different work conditions. Two sets of controller parameters are designed since the vehicle time constant varies with wheel speed. The possibility of taking fix controller parameters value in one speed range is analysed and verified. Moreover, the stability of system and the influence of sampling frequency on system are analysed. Finally, the validity of the proposed control methodology is fully verified with simulation and experiments on the tire–road simulation test bench which adopts the asynchronous motor mechanical properties to simulate tire–road characteristics.
- Author(s): Juan Zhao ; Zhongxiang Li ; Dezhi Zheng ; Shangchun Fan
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9013 –9016
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9169
- Type: Article
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This article describes the simulation and experimental determination of the oscillation modes of a Coriolis Mass Flowmeter (CMF). The authors use the SolidWorks software to create a suitable model which is a double U-type of CMF. Based on SolidWorks software, the authors established the double-U tube model for CMF, adopted ANSYS-Workbench simulation software to make the modal analysis, and the exciting mode and Coriolis force mode of CMF are obtained by simulation. According to the results of modal analysis, the authors made the harmonic response analysis of the Flowmeter, got the displacement amplitude of the U-shaped tube excited by different frequency loads under the exciting force, and the maximum displacement amplitude at the resonant frequency was determined. Next, the authors use a laser vibrometer to perform an experimental modal test on the flowmeter. The result of the simulation of the finite element model was verified by modal test of the flowmeter. Provides an effective reference for CMF modelling and simulation in the future.
- Author(s): Jiangmiao Zhu ; Xing Wang ; Yuan Gao ; Jing Zhang ; Shibiao Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9017 –9021
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9170
- Type: Article
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The atomic clock prediction is the key step for constructing atomic clock time scales and implementing atomic clocks steering, and its prediction level directly affects the accuracy and stability of atomic clock time scales. Aiming at the non-linear and non-stationary characteristics of the hydrogen atom clock, the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) hydrogen clock prediction algorithm is proposed, which is verified by the actual hydrogen atomic clock data of the timekeeping laboratory in National Institute of Metrology, China. The results show that compared with the linear prediction algorithm and the support vector machine (SVM) prediction algorithm, the least squares SVM prediction algorithm improves the accuracy of the clock prediction, and its root mean square error is, respectively, reduced by 50% and 29%.
- Author(s): Lingmei Li ; Ruijun Lu ; Yiqing Ma ; Hongguang Liu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9022 –9025
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9171
- Type: Article
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The rapid progress of modern science and technology promotes the continuous development of precision measurement technology and improves the accuracy and efficiency of measuring instruments. In optical precision measurement technology, grating measurement technology has the advantage of high precision and large range. This study introduces the principle, structure and data handling of grating tester for dial indicator gauges. As the grating tester for dial indicator gauges is a kind of high precision measuring standard instrument, the verification basis, verification method and uncertainty analysis are also discussed in depth in this study.
- Author(s): Weiwei Sun ; Min Huang ; Yiqian He ; Kang Li
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9026 –9030
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9174
- Type: Article
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Tool failure is one of the main causes of failure in CNC machine tool machining. The real-time online monitoring technology of CNC machine tool is studied, which is helpful to improve the efficiency of failure-free operation of CNC machine tool and reduce the probability of scrap and equipment failure due to tool failure. Here, the correlation between inverter input current and tool wear condition was studied first, based on which a new method about how to calculate line current on inverter input side was defined, according to definition of current virtual value. Then, a real-time monitoring system for online tool wear is designed and developed. The experimental results show that the system can reflect the tool wear condition and remind to change tool timely.
- Author(s): Dongjie Hou ; Chong Wu ; Chengze Li ; Siming Guo ; Jinjie Wu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9031 –9034
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9175
- Type: Article
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The low energy germanium detector (LEGe) is in all aspects optimised for performance at low and moderate energies. It has specific advantages over conventional planar or coaxial detectors. LEGe is a kind of semiconductor detector commonly used in X-ray detection. It can display the spectrum of X-ray and record photon counts. Photon fluence is used to describe the radiation field by recording the number of incident photons. In order to take full advantage of the low energy response of this intrinsically thin window detector, LEGe cryostats are usually equipped with a beryllium window, thin front and side contact allowing spectroscopy from 3 keV and above. The rear contact is of less than full area which gives a lower detector capacitance compared to a planar device of similar size. It is widely used in low energy gamma spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, nuclear safeguards or X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray diffraction. Spectrum is an intuitional and accurate description of X-ray radiation. In this work, experiment was carried out to calibrate the detector and test the spectrum, and then to calculate the energy resolution. The experiment results about energy resolution (full width at half maximum) are 222 eV (@5.9 keV) and 519 eV (@122 keV).
- Author(s): Pingxin Wang ; Zhi Zhang ; Yanjie Dai ; Congcong Li ; Yan Du ; Xianguang Dong ; Zhiru Chen ; Hongxia Zhu ; Lin Li ; Jie Yang ; Chao Yu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9035 –9038
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9176
- Type: Article
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The AC voltage test is an important means to effectively detect the insulation defects of the equipment. The problems of low efficiency, poor safety, and poor compatibility of the AC voltage test for smart electricity meters and data acquire terminal of the special transformer, the fully automatic AC voltage test device are studied and designed by software programming, PLC control technology, and automatic crimping technology. The automatic test and result judgment of the AC voltage test for the smart electricity meters and data acquire terminal of the special transformer are realised, which makes many problems of the existing test equipment to be effectively solved. Thus, the efficiency, compatibility, safety and reliability of the test are improved.
- Author(s): Ruxiang Hua and Xiaoli Xu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9039 –9042
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9177
- Type: Article
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Dongba hieroglyphs are the only living hieroglyphs in the world today and are still used by people. The various ritual activities in Dongba culture are passed down through the Dongba hieroglyphs in the form of books. In view of the current classification and preservation of Dongba ancient books, it is a matter of labour-intensive time for translation, cataloguing, integration, and classification, so combining the methods of convolutional neural networks (CNN), an intelligent classification model is established to directly identify and classify ancient images. As the structure of the CNN has a great influence on the final recognition accuracy, a network structure that is most suitable for image recognition of Dongba ancient books is proposed. Experiments are performed on the Dongba image base established by myself and the result proves that the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
- Author(s): Zhibin Huang ; Ning Ma ; Shaojun Wang ; Yu Peng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9043 –9048
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9178
- Type: Article
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The machine learning has been widely used in intelligent data mining. The high-computational complexity of machine learning and huge data volume present challenges to computing platforms. Graphics processor unit (GPU) provides powerful computing support for machine learning but shows different performances under different computing scales and/or different development methods. Analysing the performance of GPUs in different application scenarios helps to improve computing performance. In this study, the matrix multiplication, which is a common and time-consuming computation operation in machine learning, is performed on different data scales and different development methods to analyse the relationship between GPU computing performance with matrix scale and development methods. The experimental data shows that the performance of GPU is not much improved compared with the central processing unit in small-scale data calculation. Also, using a high-level application programming interface for GPU development is less computing-efficient than the GPU programming language computes unified device architecture C.
- Author(s): Zhixin Xu ; Erhan Dai ; Jiacheng Ge
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9049 –9052
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9179
- Type: Article
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Target node positioning is achieved for a wireless sensor network (WSN) with multiple sensor nodes. This issue has been a hot topic for many scholars. The use of anchor node cooperation, i.e. the use of the arrival time and arrival time difference between the primary and secondary nodes to determine the target node position is the most recent proposed method. Due to the problem of clock skew, this basic cooperative method has a large error in the actual indoor environment. Therefore, a rapid cooperative positioning method that can reduce the clock drift to the actual indoor environment is proposed here.
- Author(s): Tianjian Li ; Bin Huang ; Chang Li ; Min Huang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9053 –9058
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9180
- Type: Article
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Because unmanned forklifts need to recognise and locate pallets in warehouses, a detection algorithm based on deep learning framework was proposed. First, the authors collected a large number of pictures including people and pallet in the real warehouse and marked the corresponding label to build a logistics warehouse pallet database. Second, the object detection algorithm based on a single shot multibox detector is improved and trained by the database. In the prediction phase, the network combines the multiscale feature maps with different resolution, which enhances the adaptability of the network to the detection task. Third, the algorithm is an end-to-end detection network, i.e. uses a single network for detection tasks, which can be easily combined with other systems which need detection tasks. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the improved pallet detection algorithm can reach 92.7% and the test rate is 42 frames per second, which can meet the requirements of the efficiency and accuracy of the pallet detection while using the TITAN X GPU.
- Author(s): Jiwei Lu ; Guoxin Wu ; Yunbo Zuo ; Hui Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9059 –9063
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9182
- Type: Article
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Zinc-coated steel sheets, a kind of high-quality sheet, is widely used in all sorts of manufacturing industry. The fault on its surface is one of the factors which exert bad effects on its quality. Due to its complex texture, the experts first put forward to the defect segmentation methods of Discrete Fourier Spectrum Residuals and Gabor Filtering Image Fusion. Then, they analysed the grey form of the faults and the deficiencies of the two methods and made some improvements on them using Morphological black hat operation and eventually achieved the goal of effective defect segmentation. According to some results of experiments, the improved method is of high accuracy in the defect segmentation and to some extent can serve as the reference method to examine the faults of the zinc-coated sheets.
- Author(s): Dongjie Hou ; Siming Guo ; Jianwei Huang ; Chong Wu ; Jinjie Wu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9064 –9068
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9185
- Type: Article
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In order to obtain the relationship between energy and channel, the suitable radionuclides are chosen to calibrate. The result shows a goodness of fitting. The Monte Carlo simulation about the detection efficiency of the high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-spectrometry system was performed. The distance between radioactive source and the end cap is set 15, 20, 25 and 50 cm, respectively. The maximum absolute efficiency locates at around 80 keV. It can be concluded that the absolute efficiency is declining accompany with the increasing of distance. In the end, at the distance of 25 cm, the authors changed thickness of the dead layer and the source distribution to calculate. The maximum absolute efficiency is 8.56E−03, and the relative deviation is 0.0011. Then it was compared with the experimental result provided with the manufacturer. The result of simulation shows a certain agreement with the experimental results. This work will be helpful for calculating the efficiency of HPGe gamma-spectrometry.
- Author(s): Jing He ; Xintian Zuo ; Changfan Zhang ; Songan Mao ; Yunguo He
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9069 –9074
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9187
- Type: Article
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To solve the problem of wheelset slip and effectively exert locomotive traction, a protection method of anti-slip control with integral sliding mode based on optimal slip ratio is proposed. First, a dynamic model of heavy-haul locomotives is established and a sliding mode observer is designed to observe the real-time adhesion coefficients of heavy-haul locomotives. An extremum seeking algorithm with sliding mode is used to monitor and search the optimal region of slip ratio. Then, a PID compound control is combined to weaken oscillations in the sliding mode extremum seeking. Finally, an integral sliding mode controller with new reaching law is designed to ensure the slip ratio of locomotives running on different rail surfaces are at optimal values, which maximise the utilisation of adhesion between wheels and rails. Simulation results also verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the integral sliding mode variable structure control method based on optimal slip ratio in the anti-slip traction system of vehicles.
- Author(s): Qianwen Zhang ; Zhan Xu ; Peiyue Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9075 –9078
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9188
- Type: Article
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Convolutional neural network (CNN) is an extremely powerful machine-learning tool, especially when dealing with computer vision problems. Here, the authors present a CNN-based modulation recognition model. In order to fully elaborate the powerful image feature extraction ability of CNN, the authors have created an image dataset of different complex signal spectrograms using short-time Fourier transform (STFT). In this case, the complex modulation recognition problem is converted to an image recognition problem. To study the accuracy of automatic recognition of signal spectrograms, the authors have applied two approaches recently developed for image classification. The first approach is to optimise activation functions. Experiments show that best performance can be achieved when using sigmoid as activation function. The second approach is using optimisation functions. At last, the authors compared the recognition accuracy under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The result shows that authors’ model achieves higher recognition accuracy under low SNR and stronger generalisation ability than other recognition methods.
- Author(s): Jiajun Duan ; Yigang He ; Wenjie Wu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9079 –9082
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9189
- Type: Article
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In this paper, a novel fault localization method combining frequency response analysis (FRA) and evidential reasoning process is proposed. FRA test is conducted at first so that we can obtain corresponding responses of several monitoring nodes on the winding. Traditional FRA interpretation methods simply compares those response curves, while in our work, evidential reasoning method is adopted to present beliefs about the fault locations. Extracted features from monitoring sensors are mapped into deviation matrix by which possibility assignments of each fault location is computed. So we finally obtain fault distribution probabilities. According to test calculation results, proposed method can give fault probabilities of each section of transformer winding, which correctly indicate the fault position.
- Author(s): Man Wang ; Hongpeng Zhang ; Wenke Gong
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9083 –9087
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9190
- Type: Article
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In order to improve the working performance of the ceramic catalyst filter, a model of nozzle blowback was designed to change the nozzle diameter. The blowback tube blowback model with variable diameter and the blowback blowback model with equal diameter were used for backflush simulation analysis. Also the influence of the sum of the injection tube inlet velocity, nozzle length, and nozzle cross-sectional area on the uniformity of backflush was studied. Through simulation analysis, it can be obtained that the outlet flow of nozzles with equal diameters and blowback models increases gradually from front to back; the variable-diameter blowback model can make the nozzle outlet flow uniform, but the nozzles at both ends still deviate from the average flow; continuing to change the nozzle diameter. The nozzle outlet flow can continue to be uniform; different boundary conditions and sizes can affect the uniformity of the backflush: the smaller the inlet velocity of the injection tube, the larger the nozzle length, the smaller the sum of the nozzle areas, and the more uniform the nozzle outlet flow.
- Author(s): Bo Chen ; Xuan Zhang ; Ruitao Wang ; Zhen Li ; Wei Deng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9088 –9091
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9191
- Type: Article
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Aiming at the detection of concrete surface cracks, based on digital image processing technology, OTSU algorithm is processed based on differential image. First, the Gaussian filter is acted on the original image to obtain the smoothed image. Then the smoothed image is subtracted by the original image, the differential image is obtained. According to the OTSU algorithm, the optimal threshold on the differential image was calculated. As the characteristic cracks are a few pixels and with lower grey values, the pixels whose grey values are less than the mean value of the whole image to get the best threshold value were only calculated. Finally, remove the background noise based on the morphologic noise reduction to obtain the binary image of the crack. The experimental results show that the cracks can be discerned in complex backgrounds.
- Author(s): Xiangqi Zhang ; Xiaoli Xu ; Yunbo Zuo ; Yuhai Gu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9092 –9096
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9192
- Type: Article
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Lubrication is one of the critical factors for the normal operation of wind turbine's gearbox, which carries abundant and various wear debris. Accordingly, these debris reflects the running state of the equipment and forecasts the early fault of wind turbine gearbox effectively. Thus, the authors can achieve predictive maintenance, even avoid the occurrence of safety accidents. In order to realise real-time online monitoring of lubrication, this article studied the principle of wear debris detection sensor, constructed approximate mathematical model of inductive wearing debris sensor, produced a prototype device, and carried out the monitoring test of metal wearing debris without oil. Experiment shown that the designed sensor can detect the signal of metal wear debris with the smallest diameter to 80μm, which can diagnose the early fault of the wind turbine.
- Author(s): Huadong Fu ; Yinbao Cheng ; Zhongyu Wang ; Hongli Li ; Xiaohuai Chen ; Jing Lyu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9097 –9100
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9193
- Type: Article
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The product inspection process with measurement uncertainty as a quality indicator is researched. Based on the product quality control information and the design and processing precision, the relationship between the misjudgement probability and measurement uncertainty of conformance testing is established. In view of the limitation of uncertainty evaluation based on the single piece in product inspection, the method for evaluating uncertainty fusing multiple product measurement information in a fully integrated batch is proposed. The uncertainty components caused by the measurement repeatability and reproducibility of the whole test work are evaluated based on the conjugate Bayesian estimation method. The test results show that there is a certain false positive rate in the whole test of the product under the condition of uncertainty. Research results show that the misjudgement probability caused by the measurement uncertainty cannot be ignored. In the product test, batch detection information should be fully integrated to improve the representation of uncertainty evaluation results.
- Author(s): Tengfei Song ; Qing Wang ; Senlin Zhang ; Xiao Mu ; Yanjie Dai ; Fenglin Sun
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9101 –9104
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9194
- Type: Article
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With the application of electricity information acquisition system and the gradual improvement of related functions, the management on line-loss in intelligent distribution area operated by power supply enterprises has made great progress. However, due to the influence of the subjective and objective factors, the line-loss management has not reached the expected target, which directly affects the economic benefit of power supply enterprises. This article mainly introduces a new management technique of line-loss in intelligent distribution area based on electricity information acquisition system. The abnormal loss of electric energy in intelligent distribution area caused by the current with unbalanced three-phase and the meter connection mode is mitigated.
- Author(s): Yuan Sun and Hanyu Wang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9105 –9109
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9195
- Type: Article
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In industrial practice, images are often collected for study. In bad weather, the images collected may be degraded to different extents. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to sharpen these degraded images. Presently, domestic and foreign scholars mostly realise sharpening of degraded images by improving and optimising the existing classic algorithms based on image enhancement techniques and image restoration techniques. Meanwhile, subjective and objective evaluation methods for image sharpening effects have also been proposed. The article presents an image enhancement algorithm with adjustable threshold and tuning parameter and verifies this algorithm through experiment by subjective and objective evaluation methods, proposing a new solution for degraded image sharpening.
- Author(s): Pu Tu and Chen Huang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9110 –9113
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9196
- Type: Article
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The research achieved to control the mechanical arm by using real-time dynamic gesture recognition based on Kinect. It uses the unmarked gesture segmentation algorithm based on the palm neighbourhood and the threshold detection algorithm based on the palmar contour to identify the operator's gestures and moving trajectories, and to convert it into the specific action of the mechanical arm. Through wireless network, this system sends control instructions to the mechanical arm to realise teleoperation control. The system also provides video feedback of mechanical arm operation site. It improves the teleoperation telepresence and interactivity and avoids operation error such as grasp nothing or fall. The results of the experiment indicate that the operation of the gesture control system is simple and easy, the response of mechanical arm is quick and accurate and the human–machine interaction is intuitive and friendly.
- Author(s): Yongxiang Jiang ; Peng Wang ; Guifen Sun ; Jinjing Cao ; Weimin Lin ; Hongchao Zhou
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9114 –9117
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9197
- Type: Article
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An unconstrained visual display terminal (VDT) visual fatigue monitoring method based on BCG is studied. A VDT visual fatigue test is designed and implemented in this study, also acceleration signals are obtained by using an acceleration sensor, which is installed on the seat back. Then, BCG is obtained by adaptive threshold wavelet denoising, FFT, frequency domain filtering in the range of heart rate, and IFFT. Low frequency (LF) is extracted after the RR interval and JJ interval are calculated by the wavelet algorithm. Curves of two kinds of LF with the usage of VDT were obtained and were identical. Thus, the authors can draw conclusions that BCG can replace ECG to achieve unconstrained monitoring of VDT visual fatigue and LF gradually increases with VDT visual fatigue becoming more and more serious. Finally, we compare LF curves of BCG and ECG during use VDT to draw a conclusion that BCG can replace ECG to monitor VDT visual fatigue in an unconstrained way. Also, the confidence interval is used to verify the reliability of SD subjective evaluation, and the conclusion is reliable.
- Author(s): Jinliang Liu and FanLiang Bu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9118 –9122
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9198
- Type: Article
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For the speed of traditional SIFT algorithm in the feature extraction and matching is slow, the article proposes an improved RANSAC features image matching method based on speeded up robust features (SURF). First of all, detect images features and extract with SURF method, use the fast library for approximate nearest neighbours-based matcher method to perform initial matching on image feature points. Improve the RANSAC algorithm to increase the probability of correct matching points being sampled. Experimental results show that the improved RANSAC algorithm has high matching accuracy, good robustness, and short running time. It lays the foundation for the subsequent fast image stitching.
- Author(s): Dongqi Yu ; Yujun Zhang ; Guohua Liu ; Kai Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9123 –9127
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9199
- Type: Article
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The mass flow rate of vehicle exhaust significantly influences the measurement of the exhaust pollutants emission factors, meanwhile the exhaust gas temperature measurement is most important in the measurement of exhaust gas mass flow. In order to measure the temperature of exhaust gas accurately and sensitively, a motor vehicle exhaust online measurement experimental system has been developed. The article reports on the design and analysis of gas temperature measurement module in this system. The gas temperature measurement consists of a high-precision K-type thermocouple and a weak signal amplifier circuit. The K-type thermocouple was used to measure the temperature of exhaust gas. Based on the AD595AQ, which was a complete instrumentation amplifier chip with a cold junction compensator for thermocouple, the weak signal of thermocouple was amplified to achieve accurate and rapid measurement of exhaust gas temperature. The real experimental results showed that the detection time is 0.5 s, the deviation is + 0.2°C, and the detection limit is 573°C. The subsequent analysis showed that the gas temperature measurement module performed well to support the system.
- Author(s): Wenjie Wu ; Yigang He ; Jiajun Duan
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9128 –9132
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9200
- Type: Article
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The power transformer directly affects whether the power system can operate safely and reliably, and the prediction of the dissolved gas content in the transformer oil is an effective means to discover transformer defects and latent faults, which helps to better carry out state maintenance work. This study extracts the time series data in transformer oil and analyses the interactions and effects between various gas components in the oil. Then, combined with the changing trend of the content of each component, the original sequence was processed using an accumulated method to extract the intrinsic characteristics of the sequence, thus establishing the MGM(1,n)(grey multivariate model). As the grey prediction model can reduce the prediction accuracy of the sequence with longer time span, this study combines the adaptive regression and Markov correction models to optimise the grey prediction model from the perspective of residual correction. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the model are verified by comparing with the original prediction method.
- Author(s): Kecheng Wei ; Jie Wu ; Wenbo Ma ; Huangchou Li
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9133 –9136
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9201
- Type: Article
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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a power-driven aircraft that is unmanned and reusable. The purpose of this study is to accurately estimate the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries for UAVs. A support vector machine (SVM) method, SVM is a type of learning machine based on statistical learning, is used as the input variable of the battery charging discharge data (current, voltage and temperature). The kernel of the radial basis function is the best kernel of authors’ experiment, where the C, and g values are 1, 0.012 and 0.0125, respectively. The experimental results from the lithium-ion battery data at NASA Ames Prognostics Center of Excellence demonstrate the potential application of the proposed method as an effective tool for battery SOC prediction. The accuracy of the whole experiment is 98.42%. Mean-squared error is 1.783%. The experimental results show that the model has higher accuracy in predicting the discharge capacity of lithium battery SOC-training samples.
- Author(s): Peng Sun ; Naiguang Lu ; Mingli Dong ; Jun Wang ; Bixi Yan
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9137 –9142
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9202
- Type: Article
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This study proposes an analytical method for calibrating and orienting online photogrammetric systems using a scale bar. The primary idea is building control lengths in the measurement volume by moving and rotating the scale bar and then conducting a self-calibration bundle adjustment using images of the control lengths. In this study, the five-point relative orientation method is used to provide estimations of the exterior camera parameters. Additionally, this study elaborates the model of the lengths constrained self-calibration bundle adjustment, the block computation algorithm and the accuracy assessment. This method obtains both the interior and the exterior orientation parameters of the two cameras, and provides spatial bar length reconstruction precision as the performance evaluation. Simulations are conducted to analyze the calibration accuracy and the results show that the method achieves comparable accuracy and precision against the state-of-the-art method. However, the method does not need steady and well distributed 3D points and is easy to operate. Real data experimental results show that the maximum length measurement error of this method in a volume of 5 m × 4 m × 2 m is <0.4 mm.
- Author(s): You Xu ; Jiehao Li ; Qun Gao ; Limin Yu ; Wei Xu ; Feng Li
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9143 –9147
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9203
- Type: Article
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Power battery is widely used in backup power and new energy vehicles. Many countries have paid more and more attention to the safety of power battery. At present, the battery combination mode of series connection to parallel connection is conducive to the fast combination and unloading of high voltage system energy. It is an effective way for modular design and production of the power battery system. However, the voltage oscillation may appear when the voltage difference exists between the parallel modules. The phenomenon may affect the performance and safety of electric power and electric equipment. The voltage oscillation standard deviations in paralleling with different voltages were analysed, the voltage oscillation distribution map can be drawn. The reasonable parallel voltage range can be obtained by hysteresis curves, which were used to predict the limit of paralleling voltage. Lithium-ion+ battery experiment was carried out and the result shows that the proposed method can predict the large voltage oscillation in battery paralleling, it can ensure the safety of battery module and it provided an effective forecast in paralleling for the new energy power electric system.
- Author(s): Yunhong Zheng ; Xumin Huang ; Tanzeel Ur Rahman
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9148 –9151
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9205
- Type: Article
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Nowadays, how to deal with the water pollution has become a worldwide problem. More and more people are focusing on how to disinfect and reuse water resources. In daily life, people often use chlorine gas to disinfect, but chlorine gas disinfection has low efficiency and it will take a long time to be effective. It is also easy to form secondary pollution. Therefore, ultraviolet disinfection technology is more and more popular. At present, ultraviolet disinfection technology generally adopts fixed output frequency and voltage, and the effect is not good. This is because VBNC is a common state of water organisms, in which water organisms are in a special state of dormancy. When the external environment is restored properly, they can still recover their activity. Here, a programmable power supply based on DSP is designed to solve this problem. If the ultraviolet lamp is powered by this power supply, the output voltage and frequency can be variable. The system greatly improves the sterilisation efficiency, and the effective sterilisation can reach 99.99%.
- Author(s): Yongtao Hu ; Mingru Dong ; Guozhu Wang ; Zheng Fan ; Shuqing Zhang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9152 –9156
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9206
- Type: Article
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A new method of bearing fault diagnosis based on multi-masking empirical mode decomposition (MMEMD) and extreme machine learning optimised by differential evolution algorithm (DE_ELM) is proposed in this study. MMEMD is an improvement of empirical mode decomposition (EMD). By adding masking signals to the signals to be decomposed in different levels, MMEMD can restrain low-frequency components from mixing in high-frequency components effectively in the sifting process and then suppress the mode mixing. Differential evolution algorithm is applied to determine the parameters of ELM for improving the classification accuracy. The four parameters are determined at one time by uniformly coded as the individuals of the differential evolution algorithm. To achieve the bearing fault diagnosis, the fault signals are first decomposed into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and the sample entropy of each IMF was calculated as the fault feature. Then the fault feature was divided into training set and testing set. Input the training set to the DE_ELM to obtain the fault classification model. Finally, the testing set was put into the model for fault diagnosis. The experiment and wind turbine bearing fault diagnosis results show that the method could identify the different bearing faults with high reliability and accuracy.
- Author(s): Tingting Zhang ; Ling Xia ; Xiaofeng Liu ; Weijie Kong ; Xiaoli Wu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9157 –9161
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9207
- Type: Article
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Depth of field is an important image feature, which can be used to enhance observers’ perception of stereopsis. To explore how the depth of field influenced observers’ attention in images, a within-subject experiment including two factors, two scenes and six levels of depth of field, was performed. A remote desktop eye tracker, Tobii X120 was used to record participants' eye movement during the experiment. The results showed that the limited depth of field could direct observers' attention on the sharp area. However, manipulating depth of field in the same scene may not influence the distribution of observers’ attention. In addition, it was concluded that depth from focus object influences observers' attention significantly, which means that the closer the object is, more attention the object obtains.
- Author(s): Lin Tong ; Zheng Guan ; Min He ; Lei Xiong
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9162 –9165
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9208
- Type: Article
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The assumption of independent arrival process in a polling model might be unrealistic for many intersections that are part of an arterial system, because an output process of the first intersection contributes to the input process for the next intersection. The double restraint gravitational model is used to present the relationship among the traffic flow between the neighbour intersections and is mapped to the arrive rate in the polling signal timing model. In order to test the optimisation effect of the model, the basic-gated service signal timing model with historical average rate is used for comparison, and the data of the regional urban road network in Kunming are used for validation. The result shows that the model can adapt to the traffic dynamics better and achieve a lower mean vehicle delay.
- Author(s): Shaojun Dong ; Zhongquan Luan ; Chao Ma
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9166 –9169
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9209
- Type: Article
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In the current research, the analysis about the stress and meshing stiffness for the single gear meshing process with two cases came out, which are case without tooth root cracking and with tooth root cracking. First, the solid assemble model for the two cases are set up with Pro/E software. With the format of parosolid, the model is imported into Ansys. In analysis, the contact, loading, and bonging condition are added. Then, computation came out. The results show that the stress in the compression position is greater than that in the tension position during gear engagement, and the stress increases when cracks occur. The research can provide theoretical basis for fault diagnosis to provide spectrum analysis and provide reference for theoretical analysis and meshing stiffness.
- Author(s): Zhihan Yang ; Shaohong Wang ; Chao Ma ; Jingnan Huang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9170 –9172
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9210
- Type: Article
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The article uses LabView to develop a fault diagnosis system for wind power planetary transmissions. First, use LabView software to create a signal acquisition system. Then, the built wind turbine planetary transmission experiment platform was combined with the NI9171 data acquisition card and the upper computer. The hysteresis brake was used in the laboratory to simulate the external wind environment, and the planetary gear transmission planetary gear crack fault diagnosis and testing experiments were performed. The frequency domain signal is obtained from the initial time domain signal obtained by the experiment through the EMD and envelope demodulation method. The frequency of the corresponding planetary gear crack in the frequency domain signal is compared with the theoretical calculation of the planetary gear crack failure frequency. The results show that the frequency of the corresponding planetary gear cracks in the frequency domain spectra obtained by the experiment is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation of the frequency of cracks in planetary gears. The fault diagnosis system developed by LabView is reliable. The experiment provides a theoretical basis for fault diagnosis, optimisation design, and life prediction of wind turbine planetary transmissions.
- Author(s): Ying Zhang and Jing He
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9173 –9177
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9211
- Type: Article
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Here, a novel structure-preserving filtering based method is proposed for feature extraction of hyperspectral images (HIs). In the first step, the authors partition the HI into several subsets of neighbouring bands and then fuse the bands in each subset by averaging method. Second, the resulting features are obtained by bilateral texture filtering (BTF) on the fused bands. BTF is a structure-preserving filtering technology, which aims at removing texture while preserving main structure information of source image. Finally, the SVM classifier is performed on the filtered image to obtain the classification result. Experiments tested on two popular hyperspectral data sets show that the proposed method outperforms some other widely used methods.
- Author(s): Yinbao Cheng ; Huadong Fu ; Jing Lyu ; Zhongyu Wang ; Hongli Li ; Xiaohuai Chen
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9178 –9182
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9213
- Type: Article
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The new generation Geometrical Product Specifications require consideration of the effects of measurement uncertainty in the product inspection. This study estimated the measurement results and the uncertainty by integrating the statistical production information into the product detection results to rationally and fairly narrow the uncertainty area of qualification determination. Based on the Bayesian information fusion and statistical inference principle, the model of uncertainty evaluation is established. The Bayesian information fusion model integrated measuring information with manufacturing information was built, with which the uncertainty of product inspection was reappraised based on posteriori distribution function. The validity of the proposed method and theory was demonstrated by the example analysis.
- Author(s): Hong Tian ; Xiaofeng Xu ; Han Lin
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9183 –9189
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9214
- Type: Article
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Direct-drive wind turbine is an important type of wind power technology. In recent years, it has also become the development trend of large-capacity wind turbines. It is difficult and expensive to establish physical simulation for wind in reality, which makes the real-time simulation model necessary in the study its power generation control strategy and operation characteristics. Here, the structure and basic principles of the direct-drive wind power system was studied, mathematical model of the dq generator and converter using coordinate transformation was built, and control methods including the wind turbine pitch angle control, maximum power tracking control, and generator-side variable flow control were simulated. Furthermore, a control strategy of generator-side converters and grid-side converters was proposed and studied based on the model in the real-time simulation system RTDS. Different working conditions as grid-connected normal operation and operation with grid fault were simulated within the strategy. Waveforms of current, voltage, power, torque were obtained and analysed. The simulation results showed that the simulation model reflected the operating characteristics of the direct-drive wind power generation system well, the control strategy performed successfully, and the features of the system in normal and faulted operation were preliminarily revealed.
- Author(s): Xupeng Zhao ; Hongpeng Zhang ; Lin Zeng ; Zilei Yu ; Chenzhao Bai
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9190 –9194
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9215
- Type: Article
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In this study, the detection principle of the dual-coil multi-parameter impedance detection sensor is introduced, and the influence of the number of coil turns on the experimental results is studied. The author produces a series of dual-coil multi-parameter impedance detection sensors and builds an experimental detection platform. The test parameters are compared and analysed under different coil turns. The experimental results show that for the detection of inductive or capacitive parameters of the same pollutant detection particle, the amplitude of the inductance or capacitance parameter increases with the increase of the number of turns of the coil, and the signal-to-noise ratio also increases with the increase of the number of turns of the coil. Therefore, increasing the number of turns in the micro-plane coil helps improve the detection accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio of the impedance sensor. The results of the study show that the dual-coil multi-parameter impedance detection sensor can realise the identification and detection of pollutant particles, and it has certain practical significance for the new multi-parameter on-line oil differential detection.
- Author(s): Gao Heming ; Deng Huiwen ; Min Yingxing ; Wang Bing ; Fan Bingyan
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9195 –9200
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9216
- Type: Article
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This study proposes a novel velocity measurement method based on a differential capacitance sensor array (DCSA) for the solid particles in gas-solid flow. Firstly, the DCSA is modelled by the finite-element software ANSOFT, and its sensitivity characteristic is acquired. Additionally, the spatial filtering effect of DCSA is theoretically investigated, which validates the feasibility of particle velocity measurement based on DCSA. By measuring the frequency bandwidth (cut-off frequency) of the DCSA's output capacitance signal, the velocity of the local particles in the pipeline can be calculated. Further through the form of differential detection, the cut-off frequency can be accurately converged. Finally, a novel solid particle velocimeter based on DCSA is developed and tested on a gravity-delivery particle experimental device. The results indicate that the method has the feasibility for the velocity measurement and its repeatability is within 11% over the velocity range of 1–3 m/s.
- Author(s): Xiangsong Kong ; Zeyu Tang ; Yisheng Zhu ; Yining Xiao ; Qinghang Shen ; Shaobo Jiang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9201 –9208
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9217
- Type: Article
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Motor is a very widely used control device in industry. The performance of a motor speed control system is very critical for its application. The control performance can be improved through control parameters tuning. However, the parameters tuning process is difficult to implement online automatically. The traditional parameters tuning methods for a motor control system are usually experience-based, cumbersome and time-consuming. In this study, taking advantage of the high computation ability of the MATLAB, a remote motor control system framework based on the wireless network was proposed. The simplex-search-based model-free optimisation (MFO) was developed based on the MATLAB platform to optimise the control parameters. With this optimisation methodology, the performance of the control system can be improved iteratively by directly using measurements of the control performance online. This system has been realised and tested systematically. The effectiveness and the efficiency have been demonstrated by a series of experiments.
- Author(s): Yuanbo Ye ; Min Xie ; Jiaqi Wang ; Yan Xu ; Dianyang Xu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9209 –9214
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9218
- Type: Article
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p.
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At present, the evaluation of relay status maintenance depends on a large amount of manpower. However, the data sources of relay protection devices and fault recorder information system (as known as the information processing system) have reached the basic requirements of online prediction of status evaluation of protection devices. Taking the exported information as the data source, according to the configuration file information, the state-space information that can be monitored by the protection device can be automatically extracted, and then the automatic extraction of the historical state of the protection device and the calculation of the coefficient of the state-transfer matrix are completed. Using Markov state space model method, the probability of each state that can be monitored by protection device was calculated, and the state of protection is evaluated. Finally, the operation data of CSC-101B protection device are selected as an example. The correctness and effectiveness of the method for evaluating the state of the protective device are verified.
- Author(s): Yanhua Li and Wenguang Xiao
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9215 –9219
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9219
- Type: Article
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Due to a large number of beam-steering units and complex interfaces of a spaceborne phased-array radar, the fault location in joint tests is difficult, the troubleshooting efficiency is low, and the progress of the project is difficult to guarantee. To solve the above problems, this study presents a design scheme of full-array beam-steering test bench based on OpenVPX architecture. This solution utilises OpenVPX architecture's advantages of good versatility, strong scalability, high transmission bandwidth, and rich I/O ports. It adopts commercial off-the-shelf modules that conform to the OpenVPX standard to build the hardware system. The serial rapid I/O switching technology is used to implement high-speed interconnections and full-function automated testing from the primary beam-steering unit to the secondary beam-steering units. Compared with the existing test methods, this test bench meets the development trend of commercialisation, interchangeability, interoperability and adoption of open industry standards for user testing requirements, which greatly improves the efficiency of full-array beam-steering testing and reducing labour intensity. The average test period is reduced from more than one week to less than one day, achieving the design requirements for rapid test and accurate fault location.
- Author(s): Lin Jia ; Yaonan Wang ; Changfan Zhang ; Kaihui Zhao ; Langming Zhou
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9220 –9225
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9220
- Type: Article
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Here, a robust adaptive trajectory tracking algorithm is proposed for free-form surface grinding robot (FSGR) in metal surface production line. Machine-learning method is used for robot dynamic approximation which is hard to obtain directly. Adaptive law is proposed to adjust the neural network parameters. Sliding-mode control is employed to deal with the disturbance, joint friction, and approximation error of the adaptive machine learning. The scheme based on machine-learning feedforward compensation can significantly reduce the chattering of sliding mode. The performance of the proposed control scheme is illustrated through simulations.
- Author(s): Jinjing Cao ; Peng Wang ; Yuming Qi ; Dongying Wang ; Yongxiang Jiang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9226 –9229
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9221
- Type: Article
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With the speeding up of the industrialisation process, lightweight products are more and more favoured by people, so the engineering plastic is born at the right moment. Engineering plastics are often used for structural materials in engineering. They have high mechanical strength, such as high temperature resistance, and are wear-resisting. With the development of engineering plastics, their advantages have been gradually accepted by people. In recent years, statistics shows that about 35% of the engineering plastics are used to produce auto spare parts. Using plastic products instead of tempered products is a trend of energy saving and environmental protection. However, there are some security risks such as the stability of the plastic riveting process. The quality of the product can be quickly detected by the artificial but some tiny product cracks are hard to detect. In order to make use of the plastic rivet products better, a product quality inspection system combining computer vision with infrared image processing technology is designed in the background of the hot riveting process of some automobile products. Firstly, this paper uses the infrared detector for image acquisition, then the digital images are obtained through the analogue digital conversion circuit.
- Author(s): Yusheng Liao ; Jingwang Ran ; Xianjiang Zhou
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9230 –9235
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9222
- Type: Article
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The tobacco leaves have higher requirements on the environment during production and storage, especially for the temperature and humidity. In order to improve the quality of tobacco leaves, it is necessary to accurately monitor the temperature and humidity and optimise the parameters involved in the control. Based on the temperature and humidity monitoring system of cigarette factory, the authors optimised the temperature and humidity data obtained by wireless sensors. The data quality evaluation indicators were designed, and the Dixon criterion was used to eliminate gross errors in individual data instance. The abnormal data detection mechanism is designed to eliminate the fault data in multiple data instances by the similarity criteria among neighbour nodes in the area. In order to solve the problem of excessive computation caused by node explosion, extended rules of healthy node judgment were designed. Through the actual operation of the system for >6 months, the algorithm maintains good fault detection capabilities for different fault models and can provide support for temperature and humidity data processing of wireless sensor networks (WSNs).
- Author(s): Shuqing Zhang ; Haitao Liu ; Liguo Zhang ; Rongfei Chen ; Pan Li ; Yong Mu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9236 –9240
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9223
- Type: Article
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Voltage sag disturbances are the most important type of disturbance in power quality analysis and the extraction to voltage compound disturbances is more difficult. Here, four composite voltage sag disturbance models are constructed and the feature extraction method by modified generalised S-transform (GST) is given. By optimising the introduced r-parameters, it can obtain better time resolution and frequency resolution by the modified GST. Results of simulation experiments and the application in a steel plant main line show that both time domain disturbance and frequency domain disturbance information can be extracted with higher resolution.
- Author(s): Yan Li ; Wenjie Ge ; Wenge Jiang
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9241 –9245
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9225
- Type: Article
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In view of the axial dimensional stability of the main loaded cylinder of the space camera, the thermal expansion characteristics of the carbon fibre M55J/cyanate ester (CE) composite were studied. In this paper, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of four kinds of carbon fibre composites used in aerospace are analysed and measured in both directions. The results show that the CTE of M55J/CE composite is negative, which cannot be achieved by carbon/epoxy composite. According to this characteristic, the layering mode of M55J/CE laminates was optimised, The CTE of M55J/CE laminates was analysed by the finite element method. Then the loaded cylinder was developed using the optimal ply program. Two different measuring methods, ‘Heating blanket/Three-coordinate measurement’ and ‘High–low temperature chamber/submicrometer displacement detector measurement method’ were proposed to measure the CTE of the loaded cylinder, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two measuring methods are also analysed. The test results were compared, which verified the credibility of the measurement method and data, The test results of ‘High–low temperature chamber/Submicrometer displacement detector measurement method’ were closer to the laminate, which laid the foundation for engineering applications.
- Author(s): Ji Zhang ; Hong Tian ; Hua Liu ; Yuan Sun ; Xiangsong Kong ; Cheng Liu
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9246 –9250
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.9227
- Type: Article
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In order to improve the transmission efficiency of magnetic coupling resonance for wireless transmission technology, the dual coil wireless transmission system was designed and simulated based on ANSYS. Influencing factors of transmission efficiency include coil turns, material properties, frequency characteristics, and maximum transmission distance. A relevant experimental circuit is designed to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and provide an effective reference to improve the efficiency of radio energy transmission. Through the analysis of past improvement schemes, the performance of wireless transmission equipment is optimised based on electromagnetic field simulation and the frequency-splitting phenomenon is verified.
- Author(s): Lei Gao ; Yuan Wang ; Yangyang Sun ; Qinghua Zhang ; Zhenglin Zhang ; Peng Zeng
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2019, Issue 23, p. 9251 –9255
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2019.0777
- Type: Article
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Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor is a new sensor with numerous advantages. How to apply in the safety monitoring of landslide engineering is still in experiment and research stage. Here, FBG is used to monitor the landslide process of the gravel soil pile. Before monitoring experiment, the article first tests FBG packaging and burying effect by two tests in lab, one is sand pile landslide test which proves vertical buried is feasible and the other is loading test on the steel bar sensor which proves the wavelength change of FBG on steel bar sensor has a good linear relationship with the loading change. Then, buried the steel bar sensor in the gravel soil slope after simple encapsulation. Stress and strain monitoring results of grating sensors are obtained in landslide which is formed through the simulation of excavation construction. The experimental data show that through correct embedding FBG sensors can effectively monitor the stress–strain change of the slope. FBG provides a new way for the landslide early warning.
Spectral influence analysis on sunshine duration measurement
Study on uncertainty reasoning of running reliability testing face to CNC machine
Research on gear crack diagnosis of the planet gear transmission
Review on online inductive wear debris monitoring technology
Construction and verification of an integrated test system for underwater vehicle testing
Design and verification of a radiation detector's electronics system
Variational Bayesian inference of linear state space models
Design and verification of FBG strain gauge
Time domain synchronisation estimation algorithm for FBMC vector signal analysis in 5G system
Study on silicon drift detector efficiency using Monte–Carlo simulation and experimental methods
Design of the intelligent energy-saving cardiotachometer based on Mbed
Cargo pallets real-time 3D positioning method based on computer vision
Design of auxiliary robots for distribution network uninterrupted operation
Design of control and hydraulic drive system for high-altitude live working vehicle
Photoelectric detection of crop fungi resistance based on microfluidic
Research of acquisition and prediction method in early weak information of locomotive traction system
Shock tube-based calibration installation for dynamic pressure transducers and performance testing
Quantity traceability of falling weight deflectometer
Parallel wideband digital up-conversion architecture with efficiency
Depth from spectrally-varying blurring detected by a snapshot narrow band multispectral imaging sensor
Detection of mercury ion based on quantum dots using miniaturised optical fibre sensor
Research on reliability comprehensive evaluation method of five-axis CNC machine tools based on AHP and extension theory
Sliding mode-based velocity and torque controllers for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives system
Numerical simulation of turbulence model based on building energy enthalpy
Calibration method for attenuator piece used in calibrating a transmittance visibility meter
Dynamic testing and analysis of turbine generator shafting
Fault analysis of industrial robots based on self-organised critical theory
Effect of measure units on estimating crop LEAF chlorophyll content with remote sensing
Electrode channel optimisation method for steady-state visual evoked potentials
Eddy current pressure sensor based on planar coil
Study on the effect of different electrode channel combinations of motor imagery EEG signals on classification accuracy
Comparative study of motor imagery classification based on BP-NN and SVM
Improving active learning by data balance to reduce annotation efforts
High-resolution SSVEP-based brain–computer interface
Monte–Carlo simulation of wall correction factor of graphite cavity ionisation chamber
Realisation and measurement of (6–15) keV single-energy X-rays
Design of electromagnetic sensor for metal wear particle detection in oil
Research on remote state monitoring and intelligent maintenance system of CNC machine tools
Parameter selection algorithm of DBSCAN based on K-means two classification algorithm
Early warning method of the deterioration tendency of wind power transmission system
Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on kurtosis criterion VMD and modulo square threshold
NURBS interpolation for tangential point tracing grinding of eccentric shaft
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on EEMD sample entropy and PNN
Simulation and optimisation design of the solenoid valve
Simulation and measurement of spectra of reference filtered X radiation
Design of torque system for electric bicycle based on fuzzy PID
Review on numerical analysis of electromagnetic characteristics for ferromagnetic wear debris
Absolute calibration device of the vibration sensor
System design of gyro north-seeker calibration system
Deep learning-based research on the influence of training data size for breast cancer pathology detection
Precision testing method of five-axis NC machine tool based on ‘S’ specimen cutting
Improved method for extracting resistive leakage current of surge protectors
Dynamic analysis on the whole body with sitting posture for impact loading
Simulation of correction factor about electronic loss and fluorescence and scattering for W/MO X-rays
Development of a wind turbine simulator
Fault-tolerant method for anti-SEU of embedded system based on dual-core processor
Research on the excitation method of symmetrical spiral online detecting sensor of metal debris
Method of extracting gear fault feature based on stacked autoencoder
Fault diagnosis for space utilisation
Research on the network of rotating rate of spinning frame
Study on the performance of X-ray machines used in K-fluorescent devices
Design of centroid deviated spherical rolling robot
Analysis of dynamic characteristics of five-axis CNC machine tool
Maintenance robot motion control based on Kinect gesture recognition
Study on decoupling control method of vehicle wheel bridge simulation loading system
Tool wear status recognition based on Mahalanobis distance
Calibration technology and application of laser power meter
Structure design and finite element analysis of box type cargo picking robot clamp type end effector
Applying morphology to improve Canny operator's image segmentation method
Indoor positioning and navigation based on two-dimensional code and database
Establishment of 350–450 kV wide spectrum and high air-kerma rate X-ray radiation mass
Research on acquisition and recognition of Naxi speaker's speech information
Multi-features fusion classification method for texture image
In-situ calibration technology of liquid level with precise laser ranging
Application of EMD and 1.5-dimensional spectrum in fault feature extraction of rolling bearing
Rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on improver resonance sparse decomposition
Subpixel corner point detecting method based on greyscale constraint used for calibrating industrial microscopic systems
Establishment of ISO 4037-1 X-ray narrow-spectrum series
Evaluation method of spindle performance degradation based on VMD and random forests
Research on a diagnostic method of gear wear fault degree based on ultra-complete independent component analysis
Client analysis and interface design of mobile meteorological service in low altitude airspace
Characteristic analysis of double excitation sensor based on F-30 multi-dimensional digital magnetic measurement system
Machine tool chatter test and analysis
Implementation of NRF in the Docker-based NFV platform
Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP-based 3D resource allocation algorithm
Efficient dynamical system resource management method in cloud computing
Application of unconstrained BCG extraction in VDT visual fatigue monitoring
Research on key technologies of bearing preload of spindle based on piezoelectric actuators
Research on feature point matching algorithm improvement using depth prediction
Sitting posture recognition by body pressure distribution and airbag regulation strategy based on seat comfort evaluation
Research on safety information terminal of household gas
Construction of integrated land-space loss prevention and crime prevention system of prison
Solder joint image adaptive block compressive sensing with convex optimisation and Gini index
Research on dual-mode switching fuzzy PID servo algorithm based on micro-linear motor
Mechanical–electrical–pneumatic systematic design exploration of hexapod robot experimental prototype
Integrated cooperative braking algorithm of non-linear electric multiple units with external disturbance
Measurement of the dielectric constant in a microwave near field
Research on environmental monitoring and control technology based on intelligent Internet of Things perception
Research on broadband dither technique in signal acquisition
X-parameter modelling of GaN HEMT based on neural network
On-board multi-lane parallel MLVDS bus design for in-orbit embedded satellite test device
Design of airborne target tracking accelerator based on KCF
Study on defect type in eddy-current testing based on phase spectrum analysis
Analysis and research on quality control method of global radiation observation data
Intelligent fault diagnosis system based on big data
Simulation for rubber friction on self-affine surface based on energy method
Metrological performance of diaphragm gas meters with different use age
Intelligent charge scheduling of electric vehicles in residential areas
Joint angle measurement of manipulator and error compensation based on an IMU sensor
Novel traction control of electric vehicle based on single wheel dynamics
Modal simulation and experiment analysis of coriolis mass flowmeter
Hydrogen atomic clock difference prediction based on the LSSVM
Automatic verification and data processing system of indicator based on grating principle
Design of tool-state monitoring system based on current method
Energy calibration and performance testing of LEGe detector
Design and application of the automatic AC voltage test device for smart electricity meters and data acquire terminal of the special transformer
Intelligent classification on images of Dongba ancient books
GPU computing performance analysis on matrix multiplication
Fast ranging method in cooperative positioning
Application of convolution neural network object detection algorithm in logistics warehouse
Research on the segmentation method of surface defects of galvanised sheet under complex texture background
Monte Carlo simulation of HPGe gamma-spectrometry systems
Anti-slip control based on optimal slip ratio for heavy-haul locomotives
Modulation scheme recognition using convolutional neural network
Fault localization on transformer winding by frequency response analysis and evidential reasoning
Research on airflow uniformity of marine selective catalytic reduction reverse blow system
Detect concrete cracks based on OTSU algorithm with differential image
Study on online monitoring wear debris sensor of wind turbine gearbox
Misjudgement probability estimation of product inspection based on uncertainty
New line-loss management technology of distribution area based on electricity information collection system
Study on degraded image sharpening method
Mechanical arm teleoperation control system by dynamic hand gesture recognition based on kinect device
VDT visual fatigue monitoring based on feature extraction from unconstrained BCG
Improved RANSAC features image-matching method based on SURF
Design and analysis of gas temperature measurement module in motor vehicle exhaust online measurement system
Application of improved grey model residual modified fusion algorithm in dissolved gas forecasting
State of charge prediction for UAVs based on support vector machine
Calibration and orientation of industrial online photogrammetry systems in situ
Paralleling voltage oscillation forecast method of energy device based on hysteresis curve equation
Programmable power supply design based on biological factor interference mechanism
New method of bearing fault diagnosis based on mmemd and DE_ELM
Effects of depth of field on eye movement
Signal timing model of urban intersection based on double restraint gravitational model
Finite element analysis of single pair gear tooth root crack
Development of fault diagnosis system for wind power planetary transmission based on labview
Bilateral texture filtering for spectral-spatial hyperspectral image classification
Optimisation estimation of uncertainty integrated with production information based on Bayesian fusion method
Simulation study on direct-drive wind power system
Experimental research on coil turns to double coil multi-parameter impedance sensor
Local solid particle velocity measurement based on spatial filter effect of differential capacitance sensor array
Remote parameters tuning system based on simplex-search-based model-free optimisation for motor speed control
State assessment of protective devices based on data of information processing system
Design of a beam-steering test bench based on OpenVPX architecture
Machine learning–based robust trajectory tracking control for FSGR
Application research of infrared image processing technology in the quality inspection of riveting parts
Research on optimisation processing of spatiotemporal correlation temperature and humidity data based on wireless sensor networks in cigarette factory
Simulation modelling and feature extraction to voltage compound disturbances by modified generalised S-transform
Research on sub-micron measurement methods of M55J carbon fibre/cyanate ester composites
Efficiency analysis of coupled resonant radio energy transmissions
Research on fibre Bragg grating monitoring in the gravel soil landslide experiment
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