The Journal of Engineering
Volume 2013, Issue 10, October 2013
Volumes & issues:
Volume 2013, Issue 10
October 2013
Eavesdropping near-field contactless payments: a quantitative analysis
- Author(s): Thomas P. Diakos ; Johann A. Briffa ; Tim W. C. Brown ; Stephan Wesemeyer
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2013, Issue 10, p. 48 –54
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2013.0087
- Type: Article
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This paper presents an assessment of how successful an eavesdropping attack on a contactless payment transaction can be in terms of bit and frame error rates, using an easily concealable antenna and low-cost electronics. Potential success of an eavesdropping attack largely depends on the correct recovery of the data frames used in the ISO 14443 standard. A near-field communication inductive loop antenna was used to emulate an ISO 14443 transmission. For eavesdropping, an identical inductive loop antenna as well as a shopping trolley modified to act like an antenna were used. The authors present and analyse frame error rates obtained with the authors equipment over a range of distances, up to 100 cm, well above the official maximum operating distance depending on the magnetic field strength.
A 12b-control ultra-low-power low-noise SC-VGA for medical ultrasound probes
- Author(s): Peng Wang ; Thomas M. Halvorsrød ; Trond Ytterdal
- Source: The Journal of Engineering, Volume 2013, Issue 10, p. 55 –57
- DOI: 10.1049/joe.2013.0088
- Type: Article
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This Letter presents a 12b-control ultra-low-power low-noise two-stage single-ended to differential switched-capacitor variable gain amplifier (SC-VGA) for 2–6-MHz second harmonic cardiac imaging ultrasound probes in 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor. The proposed SC-VGA consists of inverters and capacitor (CAP) arrays. By adopting inverters instead of operational trans-conductance amplifiers (OTAs) in traditional SC-amplifiers, both the power and noise are significantly improved. Each stage has a 6b binary-weighted CAP array, and in total the 12b CAP arrays achieve the dB-in-linear gain range from − 21 to 21 dB. The CAP array is divided between the upper 3b and lower 3b by a CAP to decrease the capacitance spread. The total power consumption is 150 μA at 1 V supply voltage, and the input referred noise is 6.5 nV/√HZ at 4 MHz. The second harmonic distortion (HD2) has the mean value − 77 dB at the 460 mV peak-to-peak output swing for 50 samples of Monte Carlo mismatch simulation with a 30 MHz sampling frequency.
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