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1887

Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers

Volume 60, Issue 311, July 1922

Volumes & issues:

Volume 60, Issue 311

July 1922

Electro-farming, or the applications of electricity to agriculture
  • Author(s): R.B. Matthews
  • Source: Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 60, Issue 311, p. 725 –741
  • DOI:  10.1049/jiee-1.1922.0051
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 725 –741 (17)
    The term “electro-farming” is defined, and the importance of agriculture as the world's largest industry is emphasized. Based on experimental work conducted on a commercial scale, the author considers that the highest efficiency in farming can be reached only by electrical methods. The applications of electricity on the farm are many and are shown in an exhaustive table under the following classification:—(1) Uses in the farm buildings, (2) on the farm land, (3) crop treatment, (4) in the farm house. The farmer is really a manufacturer, but his present methods are based on abundant cheap labour and unlimited time. Before the engineer can apply modern manufacturing principles he must understand the technicalities of farming.Data are given to show that the farm load is an attractive one from the central station standpoint, and a simple distribution system is outlined. Restricted maximum demand is advocated as a basis for power rates, as it encourages the extended use of electricity.Simple and robust design is essential in all farm machinery. The use of electric motors is discussed and tables are given of motor sizes required for various duties and of the work done per unit consumed. Inexpensive and simple arrangements of portable motors are described.In the Appendix, which follows the classification stated above, examples are given of the profitable use of electric light, e. g. in avoiding milk loss, increasing winter egg production, etc. A suitable wiring system is described. Other farm-building uses of electricity considered in some detail are milk sterilization, and the incubation and rearing of poultry. Reference is made to the weather reports issued by wireless from the Meteorological Office. Irrigation is considered, and the present position of electric ploughing is discussed at length. Single-rope haulage is the most suitable method at present available and is adapted for use in small fields. In the case of harvesting machinery the author's arrangement of an independent electric drive for the knives and binding mechanism is advocated, because it enables the machine to do more work per day. Electroculture is stated to give a certain minimum increase in crop, and suitable apparatus is suggested.The artificial drying of hay and cereals under adverse weather conditions is shown to be practicable, while a successful Continental electrical method of ensilage is described and illustrated. A brief note on the importance of accurate account-keeping (on the author's “Auto-Countancy” system) and a description of a simple electrical book-keeping machine are given at the end of the Appendix.The conclusions are arrived at that any farm machine which revolves or has revolving parts can be operated by an electric motor more effectively and economically than by any other means, and that electric treatment produces results that cannot be obtained otherwise than by electric means.
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Discussion on “Electro-farming, or the applications of electricity to agriculture”
Protective apparatus for turbo-generators
  • Author(s): J.A. Kuyser
  • Source: Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 60, Issue 311, p. 761 –776
  • DOI:  10.1049/jiee-1.1922.0053
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 761 –776 (16)
    The paper deals briefly with the causes of breakdowns in turbo-alternators, particularly in the stator winding, and discusses means for limiting damage in case breakdowns do occur.Some of the systems of alternator protection which are at present in use are dealt with briefly and their advantages and disadvantages pointed out, particularly as regards protection for faults between turns of the same phase winding. A new system of protection is proposed which has the advantage of protection against faults between turns. The system has been tried out in the factory, but the author recommends that it be tested under actual operating conditions.An investigation has been made of the phenomena occurring when the field circuit is opened, and it is shown that it is permissible to open the main field circuit without any discharge resistance. Different methods at present in use of opening the main or exciter field are discussed, and it is shown that they unnecessarily prolong the discharge of the field and the destructive effect of the fault currents. It is therefore recommended that a simple circuit breaker without discharge resistance and operated directly by the fault-current relays be provided in the main field circuit.
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Discussion on “Protective apparatus for turbo-generators”
Address to the Western Centre
Directions for determining the electric strength of fibrous insulating materials
Discussion on “The interconnection of alternating-current power stations”
Discussion on “The effect of heat on the electric strength of some commercial insulating materials”
Discussion on “Induction-type synchronous motors”
Discussion on “Rotary converters, with special reference to railway electrification”
The provision of power for wireless telegraphy
  • Author(s): J.H. Whittaker-Swinton
  • Source: Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 60, Issue 311, p. 845 –852
  • DOI:  10.1049/jiee-1.1922.0061
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 845 –852 (8)
    This paper has for its main objects:—(a) The survey of the various forms of power at high tension which have been used in connection with continuous-wave wireless telegraphy in the early stages of the development of that system ;(b) An examination of present practice in experimental working in connection with transmitting sets of small power; and(c) A statement as to probabilities regarding the future.The essential requirements for producing “pure continuous waves” are set out and a description is given of successful methods, and of others.The conclusion reached is that direct (i.e. unidirectional) current directly generated is inherently the best form of power, and that British engineers have now quite sufficient experience and data to design and construct generating machinery for large outputs at the high, tension required for world communication.
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Discussion on “The provision of power for wireless telegraphy”

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