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Volume 150
Issue 5
IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology
Volume 150, Issue 5, September 2003
Volumes & issues:
Volume 150, Issue 5
September 2003
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- Author(s): C. David Wright
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 193 –194
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030975
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): R.E. Somekh
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 195 –197
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030870
- Type: Article
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Optical data storage is considered with respect to other data storage methodologies and a context is provided in which research in the area of innovative mass storage technology impinges on the market for optical data products. A case is made for some ‘innovative’ research to include research topics which will help the optical data storage business in Europe in the next 7–12 years. - Author(s): K. Ishioka ; N. Kojima ; K. Takahashi ; K. Watanabe
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 198 –201
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030820
- Type: Article
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A suspension structure for a near-field optical flying head is proposed. This structure is designed to attain a stable flying attitude and high structural resonance of the optical head, which has a larger mass and high centre of gravity compared with that of a hard-disc head. The width-to-length aspect ratio of loadbeam and flexure hinges were designed using numerical simulation to optimise the structural resonance by controlling their bending and torsional stiffness. Experimental results show that this suspension structure achieves both remarkably high structural resonance characteristics and a stable flying attitude against roll acceleration. - Author(s): C. Morsbach ; C. Dubarry ; M. Gabriel ; M. Hoyer ; S. Knappmann ; F. Piazza ; J. Robertson ; R. Vullers ; H.H. Gatzen
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 203 –206
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030869
- Type: Article
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An overview of the research project ‘Flyable media for slider based ultra-high density optical recording’ (FAMOUS) in the European Union's Framework Programme 5 is presented. The project aims to investigate the potential of slider technology for use in optical data storage on removable plastic media. The investigations performed in this joint research effort focus on the manufacturing of flat plastic media, sliders for optical data storage in the optical far-field and near-field regime, protective coatings, and flyability testing. The flying heads developed in this project take advantage of glass patterning for the air bearing surface generation. Glass slider prototypes were produced and evaluated, yielding a head-to-disk spacing within the desired range of 500–700 nm. To improve the flatness and roughness of injection moulded plastic media the Ni electroplating technology for stamper production was improved to yield a roughness below 3 nm. The coatings used to protect disks and heads from damage consist of amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC). First investigations on DLC deposition showed the potential to achieve a bandgap in the order of 3 eV, as is required for blue laser optical recording technology. - Author(s): A. Euteneuer ; D. Fernandez ; F. Lison ; T. Weber
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 207 –210
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030867
- Type: Article
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Time-resolved phase-change experiments were carried out on the same sample with a violet and a red wavelength configuration of a two-laser static disk-tester. The experiments revealed qualitatively completely different reflectivity dynamics for the two wavelength regimes on a DVD-RAM. These differences are discussed and can be used to independently identify the contributions of phase changes and transient local temperature changes to the optical read-out signal. - Author(s): W. Yu ; C.D. Wright ; S.P. Banks ; E.J. Palmiere
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 211 –213
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030866
- Type: Article
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p.
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Understanding and modelling microstructure evolution is a major concern in the scientific and engineering fields. Due to the difficulty of directly incorporating topological features into mathematical models, together with the difficulty of providing a space–time description, there has been increasing interest in using computer simulation to study and predict the microstructure evolution in a range of technologically important materials. A 2D cellular automaton (CA) model has been developed to reflect the microstructure evolution in processes such as nucleation, normal grain coarsening, abnormal grain coarsening, recrystallisation and phase-change. The probabilistic CA method incorporating Moore's definition of a neighbourhood is used to simulate the microstructure evolution. The ultimate aim of this model is to understand and predict microstructure evolution quantitatively. - Author(s): D.M. Newman and P. Panchmatia
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 214 –217
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030824
- Type: Article
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Measurements are presented that demonstrate the possibility of rewritable optical recording on nanoscale silver oxide films. Three different sputtering techniques are studied, seeking an optimum and requisite film structure. Estimates of the energy requirements of the recording process are made for comparison with conventional thermal-based recording mechanisms. The recording process appears purely photonic and does not require optical heating to bring about the reversible physical changes that constitute the presence or absence of data. Although more complex than conventional optical recording techniques in that it requires the use of different wavelengths for the write and readout processes, and the presence or absence of data is signified by the emission or lack of radiation at yet a third wavelength, the advantages of its nonthermal nature should outweigh this additional complexity. - Author(s): L. Abelmann ; T. Bolhuis ; A.M. Hoexum ; G.J.M. Krijnen ; J.C. Lodder
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 218 –221
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030693
- Type: Article
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The authors propose a concept in mass data storage system architecture, in which thousands of read/write heads, storage robots or StoBots move independently over a large, flat storage medium. This concept, which has not been previously proposed, offers new degrees of freedom in data storage systems design, which could lead to a superior performance over conventional systems such as hard disks and tape. The impact of different file system architectures on the access time and data-rate of the StoBot drive is investigated. - Author(s): B.K. Middleton
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 222 –226
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030864
- Type: Article
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An investigation has been carried out into perpendicular recording with a cylindrical probe head onto three different types of media: single crystals, coercive media and patterned media. The theory of the recording of cylindrical domains onto single crystal and coercive media has shown many similarities between the processes and similar performances in terms of areal packing densities. The recording of transitions in coercive media and recording onto patterned media has likewise been investigated and expressions are derived for the corresponding packing densities which are much higher than for the recording of cylindrical domains. The critical parameters in all cases are highlighted. - Author(s): P.W. Nutter ; H. Du ; V. Vorithitikul ; D. Edmundson ; E.W. Hill ; J.J. Miles ; C.D. Wright
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 227 –231
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030821
- Type: Article
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Patterned media may offer a route to densities beyond 1 Tb/in2 in future magnetic storage systems. Two approaches for media patterning, interference and natural lithography, that offer advantages over conventional approaches, such as optical and electron beam lithography are evaluated. Both approaches are quick, inexpensive and have the ability to produce arrays of nanometre-sized magnetic islands over large areas. - Author(s): M.M. Aziz ; B.K. Middleton ; C.D. Wright
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 232 –236
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030865
- Type: Article
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The replay flux from isolated and sequences of recorded patterned elements was analysed and analytical expressions for the replay spectra were derived. The noise arising from bit size variations and bit position jitter has been modelled analytically allowing expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio for patterned media to be presented. - Author(s): R.A. Cobley and C.D. Wright
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 237 –239
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030889
- Type: Article
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Approaches to producing SPICE models for phase-change RAM devices are discussed. Alternative models based around the lumped parameter approach, which vary in complexity, are compared. Consequently the PSpice models for the PCRAM are presented and evaluated for the steady state mode of the device operation. - Author(s): M. Jollie ; D. Choo ; D. Newman ; M.L. Wears ; J. Miles
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 240 –243
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030822
- Type: Article
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The potential of a rugged recording medium derived from precursor films of cobalt nitride that on rapid thermal processing disassociate and reassemble into a dispersion of nanoscale (∼10 nm dia.) cobalt particles is critically evaluated against commercial thin-film media exhibiting similar coercivity. Extensive low-velocity contact recording experiments show the medium capable of supporting linear densities in excess of 160 kfci (T-50 point) but that unacceptable levels of predominantly transition noise currently mar this performance. The source of this problem is identified as an excessive particle packing density resulting in weak interparticle interactions. Magnetic force imaging on small areas of recorded data shows evidence of particle–particle interactions and this is confirmed to be prevalent across the medium by analysis of ΔI plots derived from isothermal remnant magnetisation and DC demagnetisation curves taken using conventional magnetometry. Suggestions for resolving the high particle density are presented. - Author(s): M.M. Aziz ; B.K. Middleton ; J.J. Miles
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 244 –246
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030823
- Type: Article
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p.
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A theory is presented which predicts the role of interparticle correlations in determining the magnetisation power spectral densities within magnetic recording media in the absence of recorded signal magnetisation. Magnetic correlations are represented in terms of the probabilities of the changes of magnetisation direction between neighbouring particles and this feeds through into determining the shapes of the power spectral densities and the correlation lengths. - Author(s): C. Binns ; M.J. Maher ; S.H. Baker ; S.C. Louch ; S.C. Thornton ; S.S. Dhesi ; N.B. Brookes
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 247 –251
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030825
- Type: Article
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The magnetic behaviour of supported Fe nanoclusters containing a few hundred atoms and coated with Co or embedded in Ag matrices has been studied using XMCD and magnetometry. Isolated mass-selected clusters deposited in situ on HOPG substrates in UHV have significantly enhanced spin moments, relative to the bulk, that increase with decreasing cluster size. Coating the exposed clusters with Co enhances the spin moment across the size range studied (180–680 atoms) by a further 10% and, after accounting for systematic errors in the XMCD measurement, compares well with a recent calculation. It is concluded that 180-atom Fe clusters coated with Co have a total (orbital+spin) moment of ≈2.7 μB per atom. Isolated unfiltered Fe clusters with a median size of 3 nm embedded at low volume fraction in Ag have a uniaxial anisotropy with an anisotropy constant of 2.63×105 J/m3. With increasing density in the matrix, a rapid increase in the intial susceptibility at 300 K is observed. This is attributed to the clusters forming exchange-coupled aggregates that behave as larger particles. At the highest densities including pure cluster films the assemblies form correlated super-spin glasses. Thus cluster-assembled films are naturally magnetically soft due to the anisotropy being randomised on the nanometre scale. - Author(s): W. Voit ; W. Voit ; W. Zapka ; L. Belova ; K.V. Rao
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 252 –256
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030692
- Type: Article
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Inkjet printing technique has been applied to the production of magnetic layers and structures consisting of nanosized magnetic particles. These magnetic particles were synthesised by chemical methods and dispersed in suitable fluidic systems. The rheological parameters of the fluids were adjusted for inkjet printing. The resulting micron-scale pattern were obtained with a high reproducibility and structure control. The magnetic local structure of the patterns has been studied by using a new local ‘in-plane’ susceptibility measurement system as well as magnetic force microscopy. The deposited structures reveal a chain-like self-alignment of the magnetic particles. Potential applications of this fast and versatile process are the production of low- and medium-density magnetic mass storage patterns on almost any kind of substrate and for magnetic character recognition purposes. Printed patterns with minimal structure dimensions in the range of 50–100 μm are discussed. Work is in progress to decrease these dimensions by an order of magnitude by volume reduction of the deposited ink droplets. - Author(s): A.A. Zhukov ; A.V. Goncharov ; P.A.J. de Groot ; P.N. Bartlett ; M.A. Ghanem ; H. Küpfer ; R.J. Pugh ; G.J. Tomka
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 257 –259
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030880
- Type: Article
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Using lyotropic liquid crystalline phases and self-assembly from colloidal suspensions of polystyrene latex spheres, well-ordered, nanostructured templates were prepared. The results of electrochemical deposition of magnetic metals and alloys in the voids of these templates are presented. This technique has enabled the creation of magnetic nanostructures with 3D-achitectures on length scales 4 nm−1 μm. Changes in coercive field, by more than an order of magnitude were found, dominated by the effects of domain wall pinning. Clear transverse magnetisation suggests Bloch type of the domain walls. The in-plane component of the magnetic field drives the magnetic hysteresis. The templated electrodeposition technique offers the potential of a low-cost preparation method for sub-micron patterned magnetic media. - Author(s): A. Barman ; V.V. Kruglyak ; R.J. Hicken ; A. Kundrotaite ; M. Rahman
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 150, Issue 5, p. 260 –263
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20030868
- Type: Article
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We have studied small amplitude magnetisation precession in a square Ni81Fe19 element by time resolved scanning Kerr effect microscopy. A single precessional mode was observed with a 1 μm diameter probe spot placed at the centre of the element. Using a coherent rotation model, the presence of a four-fold anisotropy of about 30 Oe was deduced. Time resolved images show that the dynamic magnetisation is initially nonuniform at the edges of the element, with the nonuniformity then extending towards the centre. The dynamic magnetisation is uniform at the centre of the element over the measurement time, justifying the use of the coherent rotation model in the analysis of the precession frequency.
Editorial: Innovative mass storage technologies
Current and future trends for rewritable and WORM phase change technologies
Novel suspension structure for near-field optical recording system
Flyable media for slider based ultra-high density optical recording
Mapping phase-change dynamics on a DVD-RAM with a two-laser static disk-tester
Cellular automata method for simulating microstructure evolution
Nanoscale silver oxide: A rewritable optical recording medium
Large capacity probe recording using storage robots
Perpendicular magnetic recording by probe
Fabrication of patterned Pt/Co multilayers for high-density probe storage
Signal-to-noise ratios in recorded patterned media
Spice modelling of PCRAM devices
Recording studies on a self-assembling medium of cobalt nano-particles
Correlations and noise in magnetic recording media
High performance magnetic materials produced by assembling gas-phase magnetic nanoclusters
Application of inkjet technology for the deposition of magnetic nanoparticles to form micron-scale structures
Patterned magnetic media from self-assembly template methods
Observation of incoherent picosecond magnetisation dynamics in micron sized Ni81Fe19 elements by time resolved scanning Kerr effect microscopy
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