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Volume 148
Issue 5
IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology
Volume 148, Issue 5, September 2001
Volumes & issues:
Volume 148, Issue 5
September 2001
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- Author(s): J.M. Pearce ; B.A.T. Al Zahawi ; R. Shuttleworth
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 148, Issue 5, p. 197 –203
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20010584
- Type: Article
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p.
197
–203
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Two models for predicting potential savings from a domestic combined heat and power unit are developed and compared. The first, a simple spreadsheet calculation based on heating times and energy bills, gives a basic indication of the benefits of domestic combined heat and power. The second predicts the electricity and heat demand profiles of homes based on building structure, weather information and house energy bills, and simulates the operation of the unit to enable the savings for different ratings and efficiencies to be predicted. - Author(s): K.M. Mahmud and R. Ohba
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 148, Issue 5, p. 204 –209
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20010537
- Type: Article
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p.
204
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An ultrasonic nonscanning method of flaw detection employing coded excitation with a new approach to the signal processing is investigated. An ultrasonic M-sequence signal is transmitted through the medium under investigation and reflections from faults are received by plural receivers at different positions. The cross correlation function between the original M-sequence and the reflected signal is used to detect any reflection, and based on it, the fault is located. To suppress the self-noise of the system, a new approach to the design of an inverse filter is described. The concept of coincident peak enhancement (CPE), described here, can be very useful in some cases of ultrasonic NDT to remove false peaks from the correlator's output. - Author(s): J.Q. Zhang and Y. Yan
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 148, Issue 5, p. 210 –214
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20010531
- Type: Article
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p.
210
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The measurement uncertainty of a sensor as a measure of its accuracy is normally derived through static analysis. Conventionally, uncertainty analysis is conducted during the design and development stage of a sensor to select appropriate components and measurement techniques, as well as interpreting its experimental data. The demand for quality assurance by measurement is now increasing. It is therefore desirable to develop a means of assessing the measurement uncertainty of a sensor during its operation on a process plant. A new method using wavelet transforms for the validation of the measurement uncertainty is proposed. Analytical results show that the process variable being measured by the sensor can be separated from a noisy raw sensor signal using its wavelet transforms, provided that the process variable is represented in terms of a limited-degree polynomial function. Unlike the conventional approach to uncertainty calculation, which requires ‘average’ or ‘typical’ values substituted for parameters which may vary, the proposed method uses only the latest output of the sensor regardless of the variations of the parameters, and thus can be applied on an online continuous basis. Experimental results obtained from a differential-pressure flow sensor on a water flow test rig confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. - Author(s): Z. Wang ; H. Zhu ; Y. Dong ; G. Feng
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 148, Issue 5, p. 215 –220
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20010607
- Type: Article
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p.
215
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A digital output force sensor has been developed utilising a unique elastic structure and an AT-cut quartz crystal resonator (QXR) based on an energy trapping effect as sensing element. The force-sensitive QXR is preloaded into the elastic structure, through which a force proportional to the applied force is exerted on the QXR, and the force measurement is accomplished by measuring frequency changes. The elastic structure consists of several flexible hinges and has the advantages of no mechanical friction and no clearance, and therefore nonelastic effects of the digital force sensor are minimised. The elastic structure is specially configured to avoid measurement error induced by off-centre loads. To compensate the temperature coefficient of sensitivity, a dual-harmonic-mode self-temperature-sensing method is employed to measure the applied force and the in situ temperature simultaneously with the same QXR. A practical design is developed and the dependence of the measurement range on the elastic structure dimensions as well as the changes of the quality factor of QXR before and after preloading are discussed. FEM simulation and experimental results show that the force sensor has good performance and is insensitive to off-centre load. Detailed specifications of the force sensor are given.
Electricity generation in the home: modelling of single-house domestic combined heat and power
Ultrasonic fault detection by processing of signals from fixed transceiver system
On-line validation of the measurement uncertainty of a sensor using wavelet transforms
Off-centre load-insensitive digital quartz resonator force sensor
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- Author(s): E. Mainsah
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 148, Issue 5, p. 223 –224
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20010682
- Type: Article
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p.
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- Author(s): A. Potts ; G.J. Parker ; J.J. Baumberg ; P.A.J. de Groot
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 148, Issue 5, p. 225 –228
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20010395
- Type: Article
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The authors have developed two distinct processes for the fabrication of mesoscopic Josephson junction qubits that are compatible with conventional CMOS processing. These devices, based on superconducting Al/Al2O3/Al tunnel junctions, are fabricated by electron beam lithography using single-layer and multi-layer resists. The new single-layer resist process is found to have significant advantages over conventional fabrication methods using suspended tri-layer shadow masks. It is simpler and more accurate to implement, and avoids the significant areas of redundant metallisation that are an unavoidable by-product of the tri-layer shadow mask method. - Author(s): A. Konstadopoulou ; J.M. Hollingworth ; M. Everitt ; A. Vourdas ; T.D. Clark ; J.F. Ralph
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 148, Issue 5, p. 229 –232
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20010394
- Type: Article
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p.
229
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A ring made from a Josephson array in the insulating phase is considered. The ring contains a ‘dual Josephson junction’ (Josephson junction for vortices). External non-classical electromagnetic fields are coupled to the device and interact with the vortices that circulate the ring. The time evolution of this two-mode fully quantum mechanical system is studied. The effect of the quantum statistics of the photons on the quantum statistics of the vortices is discussed. The entanglement between the two systems is quantified. - Author(s): R.W. Scovell ; B.L. Györffy ; J.F. Annett ; T. Spiller
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, Volume 148, Issue 5, p. 233 –236
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20010630
- Type: Article
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p.
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After a brief review of recent proposals for using small superconductors whose charging energy is comparable to their superconducting gap as physical qubits in quantum computation, the ‘Cooper-pair box’ experiments of Nakamura et al. are analysed. In these, the gate voltage on a small superconducting island is perturbed by a pulse of height δV and duration Δt and coherent oscillations between the charge states with n̄ and n̄ +1 Cooper pairs are detected. The effects of noise in δV and Δt on their measurements is studied and it is found that the two kinds of noise have qualitatively different signatures in the experimental data.
Editorial: Where nanotechnology meets quantum computation
CMOS compatible fabrication methods for submicron Josephson junction qubits
Mesoscopic Josephson arrays interacting with non-classical electromagnetic fields and their applications
Quantum states of small superconductors
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