IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation
Volume 145, Issue 4, August 1998
Volumes & issues:
Volume 145, Issue 4
August 1998
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- Author(s): H.D. Rees and I.D. Skidmore
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 193 –198
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19982128
- Type: Article
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193
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Minimising clutter breakthrough while adaptively cancelling jamming is a recognised problem for radar, especially for airborne radar where ground clutter is distributed widely in direction and Doppler frequency. By adapting the angular gain of an array independently for each range bin and by adapting both the small and the large scale order of its weight function, it is shown that clutter can be reduced to levels well below what is possible for a conventional antenna and that the advantage remains when jamming is cancelled at the same time. Separating the spatial adaption into processes for different spatial scales enables the weights for an array of several thousand elements to be calculated with a numerical workload similar to that for a sub-arrayed radar, but with improved clutter suppression ultimately deriving from access to signals from individual array elements. The arguments are illustrated by simulations for an airborne radar operating in a high pulse repetition frequency mode. - Author(s): F. Gini ; F. Lombardini ; L. Verrazzani
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 199 –208
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19982129
- Type: Article
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p.
199
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Decentralised detection systems with parallel decision fusion topology have received significant attention, especially for surveillance radar systems. Typically, a deterministic test (DT) is employed, and the optimal local decision strategies and the fusion rule are determined according to the Neyman–Pearson (N–P) criterion. The authors show how, in practical applications, the communication bottle-neck may significantly limit the detection performance of distributed systems employing a conventional DT. A paradigm is introduced for decentralised detection under communication constraints, based on the concept of dependent randomisation (or scheduling) of the local decision and fusion rules. Numerical results show that the proposed approach provides improved performance over decentralised detection strategies based on deterministic tests, with a moderate increase in system complexity; the improvement is particularly noticeable in spiky (non-Gaussian) clutter environments. - Author(s): M.M. Abousetta and D.C. Cooper
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 209 –215
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19981310
- Type: Article
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209
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A staircase phase approximation for generating a linear frequency-modulated continuous wave radar signal is considered and the use of filtering on the samples of the signal has been assumed in both transmission and reception. It is shown that an excellent spectrum of the radar signal can be obtained, provided that the appropriate value of the sample duration is used. The effect of noise due to the discrete representation of the signal is analysed for both transmitted and received signal. It is shown that the level of the noise may be kept below the noise level of a high-quality oscillator even in the absence of any filter smoothing. - Author(s): M. Di Bisceglie and C. Galdi
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 216 –225
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19982127
- Type: Article
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p.
216
–225
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First- and second-order statistics of the signal backscattered from the sea surface are investigated from both theoretical and experimental points of view. The authors present a detailed theory about the physical processes which regulate the scattering inside the radar cell and derive some relationships between random walks and compound-Gaussian processes. A validation of the model is presented by comparing the second-order theoretical and empirical characteristic functions. For this purpose, the authors also propose an algorithm for estimating the parameters of the second-order probability density function. Results illustrate that, for high resolution radar devices, the proposed model provides good agreement with the statistics of the received signal, at least when the first-order model is in force. - Author(s): F. Capolino ; L. Facheris ; D. Giuli ; F. Sottili
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 226 –232
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19981901
- Type: Article
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p.
226
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The authors address the problem of evaluating the normalised radar cross-section (NRCS) of the sea surface perturbed by the joint effect of rain and wind, when observed close to nadir. They present a model, based on the full wave theory, for evaluating such an NRCS when varying polarisation, frequency and incidence angle (not far from nadir) for different values of wind velocity and of the root mean square height of the corrugation induced by rainfall. Some comparisons are made with the integral equation model results in the case of rain-induced corrugation alone. The two models are found to be in good agreement. In addition, partial comparisons made with experimental data suggest that the proposed model is well grounded and exploitable for application. It is indeed expected that the model can be exploited to improve precipitation measurements over the sea through spaceborne rain radar and to improve wind measurements using scatterometers in the presence of rain. - Author(s): F. Capolino ; L. Facheris ; D. Giuli ; F. Sottili
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 233 –239
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19981900
- Type: Article
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p.
233
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Vertical rainfall profile retrieval over the sea surface, based on reflectivity data collected by spaceborne rain radars, can be improved through existing algorithms that exploit estimates of the power backscattered from that surface. However, prediction errors of the sea surface normalised radar cross-section (NRCS) may significantly affect the performance of such algorithms. This is the first point highlighted in the paper, referring to the Ku band. Consequently, the authors propose the utilisation of an electromagnetic model able to predict with acceptable accuracy the sea surface NRCS under the joint effect of wind- and rainfall-induced corrugation. The core of the paper is the description of an improved algorithm for rainfall rate vertical profile retrieval over the sea surface in the case of a single frequency, nadir-looking radars and the discussion of some simulation results. - Author(s): K.-T. Kim ; S.-W. Kim ; H.-T. Kim
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 240 –246
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19982033
- Type: Article
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p.
240
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Super-resolution 2-D ISAR imaging techniques such as linear prediction and MUSIC are extended to full polarisation 2-D processing techniques using 2-D fully polarised scattering coefficients data for a target. Applying those techniques, the number of scattering centres detected in the ISAR image is increased in comparison with that of the conventional techniques using singly polarised backscatterred field data, and therefore the target's scattering mechanisms can be clearly identified. ISAR images from simulated data and measured data in a compact range are presented to validate the proposed techniques. - Author(s): T.R. Kronhamn
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 247 –252
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19982130
- Type: Article
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p.
247
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The author presents a multihypothesis cartesian Kalman filter (MHCKF) applied to the problem of bearings-only target motion analysis (TMA) from a single moving platform. A method to adaptively control the ownship motion based on a measure of ‘available range information’ extracted from the MHCKF is also presented. The properties of the MHCKF algorithm are discussed qualitatively and illustrated by examples. The adaptive ownship motion is demonstrated and the estimated range is compared with the results from a fixed, two-leg ownship trajectory.
Adaptive attenuation of clutter and jamming for array radar
Decentralised detection strategies under communication constraints
Noise analysis of digitised FMCW radar waveforms
Random walk based characterisation of radar backscatter from the sea surface
EM models for evaluating rain perturbation on the NRCS of the sea surface observed near nadir
Rainfall profile retrieval through spaceborne rain radars utilising a sea surface NRCS model
Two-dimensional ISAR imaging using full polarisation and super-resolution processing techniques
Bearings-only target motion analysis based on a multihypothesis Kalman filter and adaptive ownship motion control
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