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Volume 148
Issue 3
IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation
Volume 148, Issue 3, June 2001
Volumes & issues:
Volume 148, Issue 3
June 2001
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- Author(s): X.-H. Shen. ; P. Delmotte ; G.A.E. Vandenbosch
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 141 –146
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010403
- Type: Article
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p.
141
–146
(6)
A dielectric superstrate with a high permittivity can be used to enhance the gain of a microstrip antenna. The effect of the superstrate is investigated experimentally in the case of a probe fed microstrip patch antenna. The measured radiation properties of the antenna structure are discussed in terms of an increasing spacing between the patch and the superstrate. The well known theoretical resonance conditions are clearly illustrated. The phenomenon of the splitting of the main beam is observed. - Author(s): B. Al-Jibouri ; H. Evans ; E. Korolkiewicz ; E.G. Lim ; A. Sambell ; T. Viasits
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 147 –152
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010498
- Type: Article
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p.
147
–152
(6)
A cavity model is used to analyse an aperture-fed nearly square circularly polarised patch antenna. The form of the aperture is that of a symmetric cross-slot that couples the excitation between a single microstrip feed line and the patch antenna. Using equivalent magnetic current sources at the slots, the modal electric and magnetic fields under the patch are obtained, and hence analytical expressions for the patch admittances at the aperture are derived and used to obtain an equivalent circuit of the circular polarised antenna. Good agreement is obtained between the circuit modelling and practical results. - Author(s): P.R. Young ; D.S. McPherson ; C. Chrisostomidis ; K. Elgaid ; I.G. Thayne ; S. Lucyszyn ; I.D. Robertson
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 153 –156
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010402
- Type: Article
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p.
153
–156
(4)
An accurate model for lossy non-uniform transmission lines is presented. The technique provides a coplanar waveguide (CPW) taper model, which has been used to accurately de-embed measurements of passive CPW components in line geometries differing from the nominal 50 Ω geometry of the calibration. The model accounts for both dielectric and conductor losses, and is shown to be in excellent agreement with measured results from 45 MHz to 120 GHz. - Author(s): C.-Y. Hsieh
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 157 –162
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010492
- Type: Article
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p.
157
–162
(6)
The paper examines the like- and cross-polarised bistatic scattering characteristics from random rough surfaces along the azimuth angle. To compare the contributions of single and multiple scattering, it studies the effect of multiple scattering under different surface parameters. The single cross-polarised scattering coefficient vanishes in the plane of incidence, but the single like-polarisations reach their minima near 90° from the incident plane. The multiple scattering therefore shows the significant contribution to the cross-polarised scattering in the plane of incidence and the like-polarisations in the orthogonal plane. The model is evaluated by comparing the prediction with the measurement and demonstrates good agreement between the prediction and the experimental data for both like- and cross-polarised scattering coefficients. - Author(s): T.I. Kosmanis ; N.V. Kantartzis ; T.D. Tsiboukis
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 163 –166
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010422
- Type: Article
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p.
163
–166
(4)
A novel hybrid technique for the precise representation of field singlarities generated by hard to model geometrical peculiarities, such as arbitrarily angled conductive wedges, is presented. Its primary concept lies in the combined implementation of the FDTD method and the wavelet (Daubechies' basis)–Galerkin formulation in different, distinct areas of the computational domain. The robustness and simplicity of the former, used in regions of smooth field variations, and the ability of the latter, utilised near discontinuities, to efficiently simulate highly varying phenomena, allow the precise treatment of sharp wedges. Hence, the proposed algorithm yields sufficiently accurate coarse grid results and short time-advancing intervals, as the numerical verification reveals. - Author(s): H. Chen ; L. Tsang ; C. Huang
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 167 –173
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010491
- Type: Article
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p.
167
–173
(7)
A microstrip with gap discontinuity and bypass capacitors on the ground plane for interconnects in multilayered digital circuits is analysed. The approach is based on integral equations using the spatial-domain magnetic field Green's function in a layered medium. The method of moment solution is obtained with RWG basis functions and Galerkin testing. The method is applied to gaps with bypass capacitors in single and double layer structures. Simulation results are obtained for various values and locations of bypass capacitors and for the case of a second reference plane. The effects of bypass capacitors and a second reference plane are analysed based on the simulation result. Numerical results give a quantitative description of the reduction in inductance created by the gap with bypass capacitors and a second reference plane. - Author(s): S.-C. Gao ; L.-W. Li ; M.-S. Leong ; T.-S. Yeo
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 174 –178
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010497
- Type: Article
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p.
174
–178
(5)
A novel four-beam dual-polarised microstrip antenna array at the 10 GHz band is presented. By using a multilayered structure and multiport slot-coupled microstrip lines, two Butler matrix microstrip circuits corresponding to two orthogonal polarisations can be located on different substrate layers (above and below the ground plane) and integrated with a patch array. The antenna has eight input ports corresponding to two orthogonal polarisations and four beams. The theoretical design is based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The measured return loss and isolation characteristics exceed 10 and 23 dB, respectively, in the 9.7–10.3 GHz band. The radiation pattern is close to an ideal Butler pattern and the cross-polarisation level is lower than –18 dB in the beams. Details of the antenna and its characteristics are presented. - Author(s): Q. Cao and Y. Chen
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 179 –187
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010605
- Type: Article
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p.
179
–187
(9)
The paper applies a scaling-function based multiresolution time domain (MRTD) scheme, in conjunction with an anisotropic perfectly matched layer (APML) for open and PEC-shielded boundary truncations, to analyse various planar millimetre-wave integrated circuits (MICs). Although adding complexity in deriving update equations and extracting MIC characteristics compared with the conventional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, the MRTD scheme does provide a systematic, constructive, and flexible tool for the analysis of practical planar printed MIC structures. In particular, it is shown that the MRTD scheme is very efficient and requires only about 15% of the computational space and 25% or less of the time needed for the conventional FDTD techniques for all structures investigated in this research. - Author(s): I. Ida ; H. Yoshimura ; K. Ito
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 188 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010404
- Type: Article
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p.
188
–192
(5)
The radiation resistances of electrically small antennas are precisely measured on the basis of the Wheeler cap method, reducing drift error, which is due to thermal fluctuation of components of a network analyser, by using a double-stub tuner. For the first time in antenna measurements, quantitative consideration of the reduction of the drift error for the network analyser is conducted. Also, time fluctuation of the drift error is characterised with a vector diagram to find an effective method for the drift error reduction. As a result, the measurement precision of the antenna with a very large input reactance (more than 180 Ω in its absolute value) is considerably improved using the stub tuner. - Author(s): N. Yuan ; J.S. Kot ; A.J. Parfitt
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 193 –198
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010373
- Type: Article
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p.
193
–198
(6)
A hybrid procedure that combines the least squares finite element method (LSFEM) and the transfinite element method is applied to the analysis of multiport Rotman lenses. The LSFEM is employed to build a functional based on the L2-norm of the residuals of the full first-order Maxwell equations governing the electromagnetic fields in the structure. Because the full first-order Maxwell equations are solved, the method is free from spurious solutions. The transfinite element method is used to transfer the exterior conditions in the port regions to the interior region. The method is applied to a Rotman lens to determine the field distribution in the lens and the scattering parameters. Measured results for a microstrip Rotman lens with nine beam ports and eight array ports show good agreement with theoretical predictions. - Author(s): W. Dou and M.Y.W. Chia
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 199 –202
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010494
- Type: Article
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p.
199
–202
(4)
A wirebonding technique is presented for designing a single-layer miniature and broadband microstrip antenna on the basis of experiments. The technique most commonly applied in device assembly will support manufacturing and packaging of small antennas by avoiding via-holes. Consisting of three short-circuited elements fed by a parasitic wirebonding configuration, the antenna in a package format has the merits of wide impedance bandwidth, miniature structure, flexible matching and easy integration into RF front-end units. Its stable and broadside copolarised radiation patterns in the frequency range of 2.40–2.51 GHz are satisfactory for Bluetooth application. - Author(s): R.L. Li ; V.F. Fusco ; R. Cahill
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 203 –208
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010401
- Type: Article
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p.
203
–208
(6)
A method for obtaining continuous beam steering of ±30° from bore-sight by reactively loading a one-wavelength square wire loop antenna placed over a ground plane is presented. By introducing a small gap at the middle of one of the two non-radiating sides, the phase difference of current on the two radiating sides of the wire loop can be adjusted. This is done by varying a single reactive load at the middle of the opposite non-radiating side. As a result, the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna can be controlled in the plane perpendicular to the radiating sides. The input VSWR for the arrangement is shown to be insensitive to loaded reactance variation. An analytical explanation for the behavior of the antenna is given, together with experimental verification. - Author(s): N. Sboui ; A. Gharsallah ; A. Gharbi ; H. Baudrand
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 209 –212
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010374
- Type: Article
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p.
209
–212
(4)
A new rigorous iterative process is proposed for studying a rectangular waveguide which includes the Gunn diode GaAs AH445 (THOMSON). It consists in generating a recursive relationship between a given wave source and reflected waves from the discontinuity plane which is divided into cells. A high computational speed has been achieved by using fast mode transformation (FMT). The theory as well as its implemention procedure are described. Numerical results are successfully compared with experimental published data. - Author(s): F.H. Kashani ; A.R. Mallahzadeh ; K. Barkeshli
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 213 –217
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010423
- Type: Article
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p.
213
–217
(5)
A theoretical analysis of a ridged circular patch microstrip antenna element is presented by modelling it as a cylindrical cavity with a magnetic wall along its edge. The approach is based on conserving the reaction at the ridged position. This antenna, excited in the dominant mode, resonates at higher frequencies and has a wider bandwidth than a simple conventional circular patch antenna with the same size. Design graphs show the variation of the resonant frequency, quality factor, radiation efficiency, feeding position at resonance and bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2), for the dominant mode as a function of the ratio of inner to outer-disc radius for different ridge thicknesses. - Author(s): W. Yu ; N. Farahat ; R. Mittra
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Volume 148, Issue 3, p. 218 –220
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-map:20010501
- Type: Article
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p.
218
–220
(3)
The paper presents an application of the conformal finite difference time domain (CFDTD) method to model a conformal patch antenna mounted on a coated PEC cylinder. A conformal technique and non-uniform mesh are used to model the entire antenna configuration including the PEC cylinder, the thin dielectric layer and the patch antenna, as opposed to a hybrid approach, which is sometimes used to solve this type of problem.
Effect of superstrate on radiated field of probe fed microstrip patch antenna
Cavity model of circularly polarised cross-aperture-coupled microstrip antenna
Accurate non-uniform transmission line model and its application to the de-embedding of on-wafer measurements
Study of out of plane bistatic scattering from rough dielectric surfaces
Accurate FDTD wavelet–Galerkin representation of field singularities near conductive wedges
Effects of gaps and bypass capacitors on interconnect of PCB with multilayered geometry
Integrated multibeam dual-polarised planar array
Scaling-function based multiresolution time domain analysis for planar printed millimetre-wave integrated circuits
Reduction of drift error of a network analyser in small antenna measurement
Analysis of Rotman lenses using a hybrid least squares FEM/transfinite element method
Single-layer miniature broadband microstrip antenna using wirebonding technique
Pattern shaping using a reactively loaded wire loop antenna
Global modelling of microwave active circuits by an efficient iterative procedure
Analysis of a ridged circular disc microstrip antenna element using the cavity model
Application of FDTD method to conformal patch antennas
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