IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications
Volume 153, Issue 3, May 2006
Volumes & issues:
Volume 153, Issue 3
May 2006
-
- Author(s): S. Rahmani ; K. Al-Haddad ; H.Y. Kanaan ; B. Singh
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 317 –326
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050294
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
317
–326
(10)
Filter and source current control strategies are applied to a single-phase shunt hybrid power filter (SPSHPF). These techniques are implemented with a modified pulse width modulation (M-PWM) in order to compensate for the harmonics and reactive power required by nonlinear loads and the high-frequency harmonics generated by the switching process. Contrarily to the existing methods, the proposed source current control eliminates switching spikes in the supply current and appears to be more suitable than the filter current control method. Furthermore, the M-PWM technique ensures the elimination of all groups of harmonics that are centred on the odd multiples of the switching frequency. It requires a relatively reduced size input passive filter. In addition, it attenuates the harmonics that are located around twice the switching frequency four times less than the S-PWM. The measured power losses of the M-PWM hybrid filter are also one-fourth compared to that of the standard PWM control. Experimental results obtained on a 1 kVA developed laboratory prototype system and through simulations validate the effectiveness of the SPSHPF adopting the source current control with the modified PWM technique. - Author(s): J.T. Charton ; J. Corda ; J.M. Stephenson ; S.P. Randall
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 327 –336
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050454
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
327
–336
(10)
An improved dynamic model of the switched reluctance machine for use in design has been developed. The specific requirement was for the incorporation of iron losses, but a secondary benefit has been the inclusion of the magnetic interaction between phases. The work is described in two stages: (i) modelling of iron loss and its effect on current waveform in a rudimentary one-phase static SR machine, and (ii) the development of a dynamic model, including instantaneous torque, of a three-phase machine with eddy-current, hysteresis and additional iron losses. Both stages include experimental verification. Coupling between the phases through shared portions of the magnetic circuits and also through ‘leakage flux’ is included. Model results are compared with measured values for a three-phase, 12/8-pole motor. - Author(s): A. Ramos ; I. Nuez ; V. Feliu
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 337 –342
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050217
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
337
–342
(6)
The increase of nonlinear loads in networks involves rises in harmonic currents, resulting in voltage distortion that can affect other sensitive loads. The series voltage compensators are the devices used to reduce voltage deformation in networks of nonnegligible impedance. The control technique of the series compensator is one factor which can improve the operation of the series compensator, in order to reduce voltage disturbances existing in the network. The control of devices controlled by PWM permits the use of classical linear strategies and nonlinear control. Initially, in the paper, the linear and discrete model of the voltage compensator is obtained by using an original linearisation method for systems controlled by PWM, which shows better behaviour than conventional methods. Then a control algorithm is developed in minimum time based on the linear model obtained. The control algorithm has been simulated and has subsequently been implemented in a laboratory prototype of the series compensator, giving very satisfactory results. - Author(s): M. Borage ; S. Tiwari ; S. Kotaiah
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 343 –347
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050338
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
343
–347
(5)
A novel high-frequency half-bridge resonant converter is proposed which is suitable for application as a capacitor charging-power supply (CCPS). The proposed LCL-T resonant converter with clamp diodes is shown to have in-built constant current (CC) – constant voltage (CV) characteristics. Therefore, the need to sense output current and voltage, and their feedback control circuit, is eliminated. The converter operates in CC mode while the energy-storage capacitor is being charged and operates in CV mode when the voltage across the capacitor is regulated. The changeover from CC to CV mode or vice versa is automatic and smooth. The principle of operation of the converter is described and analysed. Considerations in the design of the converter as CCPS are presented. A prototype CCPS operating at 100 kHz is designed, built and tested. The experimental results verify the operation and application of proposed converter as a CCPS. - Author(s): J.Y. Chai ; Y.W. Lin ; C.M. Liaw
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 348 –360
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050340
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
348
–360
(13)
A comparative study of vibration and acoustic noise reductions via electronic switching controls for switched reluctance motor (SRM) is presented. First, studies concerning the acoustic noise and vibration sources, their effects and the existing mitigation approaches are given. Then five switching control approaches, which belong to the magnetic and electronic remedies, are proposed and applied to the established SRM drive to comparatively evaluate their effectiveness and limitations. These approaches include random frequency pulse width modulation with harmonic spectrum shaping, turn-on and turn-off angles advanced shift with fixed dwell angle, randomising turn-off angle, current-tail profiling without and with advancing commutation shift. The theoretical basis, implementation and performance evaluation of each approach are presented in detail. Comparative evaluation shows that the hybrid approach combining the current-tail profiling and the commutation advancing can yield the best compromise performance in vibration reduction, acoustic noise reduction and improved energy conversion efficiency. - Author(s): B.-R. Lin
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 361 –368
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050351
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
361
–368
(8)
The paper presents the system analysis and circuit design of a half-bridge zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) flyback converter with synchronous rectifier. The leakage inductance and output capacitance of active switches are used to realise ZVS operation during the transition state between two switches. The switching power loss of active switches can be reduced to a minimum due to the ZVS operation such that the high-efficiency circuit can be achieved. The circuit-operation principle, mathematical analysis and design example of a half-bridge ZVS flyback converter with synchronous rectifier are explained and analysed. The synchronous rectifier is used at the transformer-secondary side to reduce further the conduction loss and to increase the circuit efficiency. Finally the experimental results from a 24 V/7 A output load with 100 kHz switching-frequency prototype circuit are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. - Author(s): R.-T. Chen and Y.-Y. Chen
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 369 –378
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050386
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
369
–378
(10)
The paper proposes an improved transformer with an integrated magnetic circuit of the push–pull converter. For high-power server-type applications, the push–pull forward converter has been proven to have significantly better performance than the buck converter. This topology also provides a built-in input filter, and thus a smooth input current. All the magnetic components are integrated in a single core. The simulation of integrated magnetic and magnetic-circuit analysis identifies the proposed transformer correctly. Comparison is given of experimental results of discrete and integrated transformers. - Author(s): J.-W. Choi ; S.-C. Lee ; H.-G. Kim
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 379 –386
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050360
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
379
–386
(8)
An estimation algorithm for identifying the moment of inertia, which is essential for the design of a high performance controller for a motor drive system, is presented. The proposed algorithm finds the moment of inertia by observing the position error signal generated by the speed observer, which contains error information on the moment of inertia. The proposed algorithm is easy to realise in an observer-based speed detection method. Simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the performance of the moment of inertia estimation method, and show that the moment of inertia converges to an actual value within several speed changes. As a result, the speed control responses and designed speed controller performance match well. - Author(s): Z. Wu and O. Ojo
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 387 –400
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050466
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
387
–400
(14)
The computer-simulation model of the dual-stator-winding induction machine in which the space harmonics of the stator windings and those of the rotor circuits are accounted for has been presented. The winding-function method is used to calculate the inductances in the machine. The phase-voltage and torque equations thus obtained are further transformed to the rotor reference frame to facilitate simplicity of modelling and using an n×n complex-variable reference frame transformation. Simulation results of the no-load starting transient are presented with the response of the machine to a change in the load torque. The balance of the paper presents an approach, using the stator-winding and rotor-bar currents determined from the coupled-circuit model and the winding functions of the stator windings and the rotor loops, to generate the airgap flux density. A simplified correction scheme, using the B/H curve of the magnetic steel material to account for magnetic saturation in the airgap is introduced, improving the prediction accuracy. Some measurements of no-load and full-load flux densities confirm the computer simulation and FEA results. - Author(s): Y. He and F.L. Luo
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 401 –410
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050222
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
401
–410
(10)
An adaptive sliding-mode-like controller for DC–DC buck converters is proposed. Constant switching frequency can be achieved with the proposed approach. An adaptive item is included to adjust the controller parameter online and eliminate the steady-state error. The adaptive scheme is based on a feedback policy that suitably modifies the corresponding power losses term in the controller equation. In addition, this adaptive term will speed up the system response and will stabilise the error dynamics of the closed-loop control system. The controller performance can be examined via traditional small-signal analysis. The implementation of the proposed closed-loop control scheme is illustrated with simulation and experiment. - Author(s): Sanjay Lakshminarayanan ; R.S. Kanchan ; P.N. Tekwani ; K. Gopakumar
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 411 –419
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050444
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
411
–419
(9)
Multilevel inverters are preferred over two-level inverters in high-voltage, high-power applications mainly because low-switching-frequency PWM schemes can be implemented with power devices of low-voltage ratings. Common multilevel inverter structures such as NPC, H-bridge and flying capacitor will produce a hexagonal voltage space vector structure. In the over-modulation range a multilevel inverter with a hexagonal voltage space vector structure will produce high amplitude 5th and 7th harmonic voltages in the output voltages. The maximum phase peak fundamental voltage is 0.637 Vdc in six-step mode operation (where Vdc is the radii of the hexagonal voltage space vector structure). A 12-sided polygonal voltage space vector structure will have a maximum phase peak fundamental voltage of 0.64 Vdc in the linear modulation range itself (where Vdc is the radii of the 12-sided polygonal voltage space vector structure), which is more than the output in six-step operation in the over-modulation range for a conventional multilevel structure. Also with a 12-sided polygonal space vector structure, an additional boost of the fundamental phase voltage is possible in the 12-step operation with the elimination of the 5th- and 7th- order harmonics (6n±1, n=1, 3, 5 … etc). A multilevel inverter structure with 12-sided polygonal voltage space vector structure is proposed for an induction motor drive. The proposed inverter structure is realised by cascading three conventional two-level inverters. This makes the power bus structure very simple. - Author(s): B.-R. Lin ; C.-E. Huang ; K. Huang ; D. Wang
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 420 –428
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050490
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
420
–428
(9)
A design consideration and circuit implementation of a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) flyback converter with synchronous rectifier are presented. To reduce the voltage spike due to the transformer leakage inductance when the main switch is turned off at the flyback converter, one auxiliary switch and one clamp capacitor are used in the adopted converter. The resonant circuit, consisting of leakage inductance and output capacitance of switch, is used to achieve ZVS operation for all switches during the transition between the main switch and the auxiliary switch. The synchronous switch is used on the transformer secondary side to reduce the conduction losses further and to increase the circuit efficiency. The operating principle and system analysis of the adopted converter are discussed in detail. The design example of the adopted power converter is presented. Finally experimental results based on a 5 V/20 A prototype circuit are provided to demonstrate the system performance. - Author(s): Y.-H. Chang ; T.-H. Liu ; C.-C. Wu
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 429 –438
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050549
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
429
–438
(10)
The paper proposes a shaft-position/speed-estimating technique for a micropermanent-magnet synchronous motor. Based on the characteristics of the micromotor, the back EMF of the motor can be detected. In addition, the shaft position/speed can be estimated according to the back EMF. Finally, a closed-loop sensorless adjustable speed-control system is implemented. The controlled speed range is from 600 to 36000 rev/min. A DSP is used to estimate the shaft position/speed and to execute the speed-loop control algorithm. In addition, some hardware circuits, including current-controlled circuits, PWM circuits, and an inverter are implemented to control the current of the micromotor. Satisfactory performance, including a wide adjustable speed range, good transient responses, and good load-disturbance responses can be achieved. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and show the correctness and feasibility of the proposed estimation technique. - Author(s): W.T. Su and C.M. Liaw
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 439 –450
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050152
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
439
–450
(12)
Robust position control for a linear permanent-magnet synchronous motor servo drive is presented, considering the constituted component match under unknown mass and large command change. First, a field-weakening forcing current control scheme is developed to yield close current transient tracking response. In the proposed position control scheme, a cascaded two-degrees-of-freedom controller is quantitatively designed, and an internal robust model following controller (RMFC) is arranged to let the prescribed response be preserved under varying plant parameters and operating conditions. Then an identification scheme is devised to obtain a mass estimate from the compensating control signal generated by the RMFC. Finally, in making the large command positioning control, a match between the motor drive constituted components is considered. The amplitudes and/or ramping rate of step and ramp commands are determined according to the identified mass and the ratings of the inverter and motor. In this case, the response time is also predicable. Through applying the proposed simple command shaping control approach, quantitative positioning control performance under unknown mass and efficient capability utilisation of inverter and motor can be achieved, and the instability caused by nonlinearities under excessive saturation can be avoided. - Author(s): H. Tao ; A. Kotsopoulos ; J.L. Duarte ; M.A.M. Hendrix
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 451 –458
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050362
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
451
–458
(8)
Multiport DC–DC converters are of potential interest in applications such as generation systems utilising multiple sustainable energy sources. A family of multiport bidirectional DC–DC converters derived from a general topology is presented. The topology shows a combination of DC-link and magnetic coupling. This structure makes use of both methods to interconnect multiple sources without the penalty of extra conversion or additional switches. The resulting converters have the advantage of being simple in topology and have a minimum number of power devices. The proposed general topology and basic cells show several possibilities to construct a multiport converter for particular applications and provide a solution to integrate diverse sources owing to their flexibility in structure. The system features a minimal number of conversion steps, low cost and compact packaging. In addition, the control and power management of the converter by a single digital processor is possible. The centralised control eliminates complicated communication structures that would be necessary in the conventional structure based on separate conversion stages. A control strategy based on classical control theory is proposed, showing a multiple PID-loop structure. The general topology and a set of three-port embodiments are detailed. - Author(s): N. Bianchi and M. Dai Pré
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 459 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050284
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
459
–466
(8)
Nowadays fractional-slot windings are proposed for synchronous motors for different purposes: reduction of end-winding losses, reduction of torque ripple, reduction of mutual coupling among the phases, fault-tolerant applications, and so on. The design of the single-layer fractional-slot synchronous motors is dealt with, in which each slot contains only one side coil. The star of slots, introduced some time ago, proves itself to be again appropriate. After a brief review of the classical theory of the star of slots, its application is extended to the design of these unconventional windings. Thanks to its graphical representation, a simple analytical formulation is carried out describing the harmonic contents of the winding distribution. Finally, the star of slots allows simple rules for the design of fractional-slot single-layer windings to be determined. As a special case, it is used to determine the synchronous motor winding solutions suitable for critical fault-tolerant applications. - Author(s): S.-C. Lee
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 153, Issue 3, p. 467 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20050417
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
467
–472
(6)
A perfect wave oscillation cancellation scheme is a proposed method for suppressing overvoltage in adjustable speed PWM motor drives through long feeding cables. It is a new solution to the overvoltage problem, which cascades the proposed filter with the transmission line achieving a pure delay transfer between inverter and motor, completely removing the pulse reflection that causes the overvoltage problem. Simple voltage transfer function with time delay is derived under a distortionless transmission assumption, which is valid in practice. The proposed PWM input voltage form is calculated by inverting the voltage transfer function. Also, the unknown reflection coefficients are identified through a simple adaptive algorithm. The simulation results verify the performance of the proposed method, which is compared with a previous method.
Implementation and simulation of modified PWM with two current control techniques applied to single-phase shunt hybrid power filter
Dynamic modelling of switched reluctance machines with iron losses and phase interactions
Linearisation method and control for series active power filter by means of pulse-width modulation
Constant-current, constant-voltage half-bridge resonant power supply for capacitor charging
Comparative study of switching controls in vibration and acoustic noise reductions for switched reluctance motor
Implementation of the ZVS converter with synchronous rectifier
Synthesis and design of integrated-magnetic-circuit transformer for VRM application
Inertia identification algorithm for high-performance speed control of electric motors
Coupled-circuit-model simulation and airgap-field calculation of a dual-stator-winding induction machine
Design and analysis of adaptive sliding-mode-like controller for DC–DC converters
Multilevel inverter with 12-sided polygonal voltage space vector locations for induction motor drive
Design and implementation of zero-voltage-switching flyback converter with synchronous rectifier
Novel adjustable micropermanent-magnet synchronous-motor control system without using a rotor-position/speed sensor
Robust balanced control of LPMSM servo drive with mass identification and large command change
Family of multiport bidirectional DC–DC converters
Use of the star of slots in designing fractional-slot single-layer synchronous motors
Perfect wave oscillation suppression with reflection coefficients adaptation in PWM motor drives with long feeding cables
Most viewed content for this Journal
Article
content/journals/ip-epa
Journal
5
Most cited content for this Journal
We currently have no most cited data available for this content.
