IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications
Volume 150, Issue 4, July 2003
Volumes & issues:
Volume 150, Issue 4
July 2003
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- Author(s): N. Mendalek ; K. Al-Haddad ; F. Fnaiech ; L.A. Dessaint
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 373 –379
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030488
- Type: Article
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The modelling of, and a nonlinear control strategy for, a three-phase voltage source shunt active power filter is presented. The dynamic model is at first elaborated in the system ‘abc’ and then transformed into the synchronous orthogonal ‘dq’ frame. The ‘dq’ frame model is divided into two separate loops, namely the two current dynamics inner loop and the DC voltage dynamics outer loop. The exact feedback linearisation theory is applied in the design of the controller. Then, the pole placement strategy is used to synthesise the closed loop error dynamics of current tracking and DC bus voltage regulation. The adopted control strategy allows the decoupling of the currents and improves their tracking behaviour and enhances DC voltage regulation. Simulation results validate the expected active filter performance in both steady state and transient operation, and also show that the controller is capable of compensating under severe load current imbalances. - Author(s): B.-R. Lin ; C.-H. Hung ; T.-L. Huang ; H.-K. Chiang
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 380 –388
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030288
- Type: Article
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p.
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A high power factor rectifier is proposed to draw a sinusoidal line current with nearly unity power factor, achieve balanced capacitor voltage and regulate the DC-link voltage. One flying capacitor is employed in the proposed circuit configuration to generate a three-level PWM voltage waveform on the AC terminal. A hysteresis current control scheme is used to track the line current command in phase with the mains voltage. A voltage compensator is employed to achieve balanced capacitor voltages. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results using laboratory prototype circuit. - Author(s): A.N. Tiwari ; P. Agarwal ; S.P. Srivastava
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 389 –396
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030378
- Type: Article
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p.
389
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A modified hysteresis current controller for the control of a PWM rectifier is presented. Mathematical modelling and control of the PWM rectifier is described. Controller parameters are designed in the discrete-time domain. A comparison study between a conventional hysteresis current controller and the modified hysteresis current controller is presented. Various simulation results are obtained and verified experimentally. - Author(s): B.R. Lin ; T.L. Hung ; C.H. Huang
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 397 –406
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030261
- Type: Article
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p.
397
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A single-phase half-bridge rectifier with a capacitor clamped scheme is proposed. Four power switches and one flying capacitor are employed in the proposed rectifier. Bipolar and unipolar PWM control schemes are used to perform power factor correction and achieve low total harmonic distortion of line current. A neutral point voltage balance compensator, hysteresis current controller and DC link voltage regulator are used to balance neutral point voltage, to track line current command, and to maintain the constant DC bus voltage. The proposed control scheme and the circuit configuration can also perform a shunt active power filter operation to eliminate the harmonic currents and compensate the reactive power generated from the nonlinear load. Analytical and experimental results are presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. - Author(s): M. Veerachary
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 407 –416
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030260
- Type: Article
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407
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A systematic development of a unified signal flow graph model for an interleaved boost converter with coupled inductor system operating in continuous current mode is presented. This signal flow graph approach provides a means to directly translate the switching converter to its graphic model, from which steady-state and dynamic behaviour of the converter can easily be studied. Development of a unified signal flow graph is explained and derivation of large, small-signal and steady-state models is demonstrated. Converter performance expressions such as steady-state voltage gain, efficiency expressions and small-signal characteristic transfer functions are also derived. Large-signal responses against supply and load disturbances are predicted by programming the corresponding signal flow graph in the TUTSIM simulator. Experimental observations are provided to validate the signal flow graph modelling method. Frequency response characteristics generated from the signal flow method are validated with PSpice simulations. Further, the mathematical models obtained from the signal flow graph modelling are in agreement with those obtained from the state-space averaging technique. - Author(s): Y.-H. Leu and C.-L. Chen
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 417 –424
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030377
- Type: Article
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p.
417
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The asymmetrical half-bridge converter (AHBC) has the attractive features of zero voltage switching (ZVS) and voltage clamping. However, the converter is not suitable for wide input voltage range applications since it has the problem of a 50% maximum allowable duty cycle. A new AHBC topology with a tapped output inductor filter is proposed that not only extends the allowable operating duty cycle but also makes the ZVS condition less stringent. The principle of operation is explained and analysed. Experimental results obtained from a 24 V/3 A prototype are presented, which illustrate converter function and verify the analytical results. - Author(s): M.S. Islam ; M.N. Anwar ; I. Husain
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 425 –430
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030233
- Type: Article
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p.
425
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A switched-reluctance-motor (SRM) drive designed to achieve wide-speed-range operation with reduced torque ripple is presented. The wide speed range is obtained by phase advancing between two critical rotor positions, which are defined by the machine geometry and material properties. The design factors affecting the angular separation between these rotor positions and the methods of optimising the design for the wide-speed-range control objective have been determined. The experimental results of the SRM drive implemented on a TMS320C30 DSP platform are presented. - Author(s): M. Iordache ; E. Mendes ; C. Marchand ; S. Belin ; V. Mickiewicz
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 431 –438
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030249
- Type: Article
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431
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The design of complex traction drives always includes the whole system harmonic analysis in order to check out its compatibility with EMI specifications. A frequency domain method is presented which is useful for traction drives design and harmonic generation mechanism understanding. An iterative solving algorithm is used for load flow and converter operating point calculation. A numerical application is developed and results are compared with time domain simulation results. - Author(s): K.W.E. Cheng
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 439 –446
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030286
- Type: Article
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p.
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Switched mode power converters use inductors and capacitors as their main energy storage. The amount of storage energy in comparison to the output energy is an interesting area for investigation. This ratio is similar to the power factor in AC systems. Theoretical analysis has shown that the proposed storage energy ratio for all the basic topologies behaves according to a special pattern. This result can be used to understand how much energy is processed in the converters. The results also indicate the power factor in the DC system counterpart. - Author(s): H.L. Chan ; K.W.E. Cheng ; D. Sutanto
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 447 –454
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030257
- Type: Article
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p.
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A simplified Neumann's formula to calculate the inductance of a transformer with spiral shape is proposed. The advantage of using the proposed method is to avoid the cumbersome and tedious integration in Neumann's formula; the solution usually includes elliptic functions that are complicated and long power series. The stray capacitance of the transformer is also calculated. The experimental measurement agrees well with the calculation. - Author(s): B.-R. Lin and T.-L. Hung
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 455 –463
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20020755
- Type: Article
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p.
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A single-phase AC/AC converter based on neutral-point switch-clamped topology is proposed. The adopted AC/DC converter is controlled to have a stable constant DC bus voltage and draw a sinusoidal line current with unity input power factor. The AC side voltage of the AC/DC converter is controlled to generate a unipolar PWM waveform using the conventional half-bridge PWM rectifier and one AC power switch with voltage stress vdc/2. A carrier-based current control scheme is used in the inner control loop to track the line current command. A proportional-integral (PI) control is adopted in the outer control loop to maintain the constant DC bus voltage. On the inverter side, a sinusoidal output voltage is generated to provide a stable and clean source voltage to the critical load. A fixed-frequency current controller is adopted to generate the proper PWM waveform. A conventional half-bridge PWM inverter with one AC power switch is used in the DC/AC converter to generate the unipolar PWM voltage waveform on the AC side. The system model and control algorithm are described and analysed. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed operation scheme, experimental results based on a laboratory prototype were performed. - Author(s): B.-R. Lin ; T.-L. Hung ; C.-H. Huang
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 464 –470
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030289
- Type: Article
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p.
464
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A single-phase AC/AC converter with a capacitor-clamped scheme is proposed to act as the nearly unity power factor at the input side, to regulate the DC-link voltage and to provide a stable AC voltage at the output side for the critical load. The AC/DC part of the proposed converter is controlled to generate a unipolar PWM waveform on the AC terminal using four power switches with a voltage stress of half the DC bus voltage. A hysteresis current control, a proportional-integral voltage control and a neutral point voltage compensator are used to perform the input line current tracking, DC-link voltage regulation and neutral point voltage balance, respectively. The DC/AC part of the proposed converter is controlled to generate a stable and clean sinusoidal output voltage to the critical load. Experimental results based on a laboratory prototype were implemented to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. - Author(s): T.K. Ho and K.K. Wong
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 471 –482
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030327
- Type: Article
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p.
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The concept of moving block signallings (MBS) has been adopted in a few mass transit railway systems. When a dense queue of trains begins to move from a complete stop, the trains can re-start in very close succession under MBS. The feeding substations nearby are likely to be overloaded and the service will inevitably be disturbed unless substations of higher power rating are used. By introducing starting time delays among the trains or limiting the trains' acceleration rate to a certain extent, the peak energy demand can be contained. However, delay is introduced and quality of service is degraded. An expert system approach is presented to provide a supervisory tool for the operators. As the knowledge base is vital for the quality of decisions to be made, the study focuses on its formulation with a balance between delay and peak power demand. - Author(s): H. Takeuchi ; C.J. Goodman ; S. Sone
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 483 –492
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030258
- Type: Article
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p.
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From the functional point of view, signalling systems are generally evaluated on two basic criteria, namely their steady state and perturbed performance. The first of these essentially defines the capacity of a railway system, and the second relates to the cumulative disturbance experienced by all the trains on a system in response to a specific event, usually a delay imposed on a particular train. These two performance measures are investigated for both fixed-block signalling (FBS) and moving-block signalling (MBS) with other forms being included for comparative purposes. Steady state performance is analysed both mathematically and by using train movement simulators. The dynamic response to externally imposed disturbance is evaluated, using simulation studies. Some numerical measures of perturbed performance are proposed and the important trade-off between steady state and perturbed performance is discussed. A particular problem is the starting behaviour of a queue of electric trains when the leading train has stood still for a long time. This is the peak electrical demand problem caused by the characteristics of MBS. Peak demand reduction (PDR) techniques are thus proposed as solutions to the ‘starting problem’ and evaluated through simulation studies regarding peak reduction, delay and energy saving. - Author(s): D.H. Kang ; Y.H. Chun ; H. Weh
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 150, Issue 4, p. 493 –499
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20030191
- Type: Article
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p.
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The design optimisation of geometrical dimensions and parameters of the magnetically excited transverse flux linear motor (TFM-LM) used in railway traction systems is presented. The optimisation is achieved using the 3D-FE field program. Optimisation of the design begins with the basic configuration of the TFM-LM using geometrical dimensions and electrical parameters determined by analytical expressions. The analytical relations used in the basic design are obtained from the magnetic equivalent circuit for the TFM-LM model with short primary for railway traction. The aim of this optimisation process is to improve the traction force per primary weight and to obtain an ideal proportion between the normal force and the traction force. To verify the design optimisation, the computed forces are compared with the experimentally measured forces detected on the experimental setup of the TFM-LM.
Nonlinear control technique to enhance dynamic performance of a shunt active power filter
Unidirectional single-phase high power factor rectifier
Modified hysteresis controlled PWM rectifier
Bi-directional single-phase half-bridge rectifier for power quality compensation
Analysis of interleaved dual boost converter with integrated magnetics: signal flow graph approach
Improved asymmetrical half-bridge converter using a tapped output inductor filter
Design and control of switched reluctance motors for wide-speed-range operation
Harmonic analysis method for traction drives EMI studies
Storage energy for classical switched mode power converters
Calculation of inductances of high frequency air-core transformers with superconductor windings for DC–DC converters
Implementation of the AC/AC converter based on neutral-point switch-clamped topology
Single-phase AC/AC converter with capacitor-clamped scheme
Peak power demand reduction under moving block signalling using an expert system
Moving block signalling dynamics: performance measures and re-starting queued electric trains
Analysis and optimal design of transverse flux linear motor with PM excitation for railway traction
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