IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications
Volume 145, Issue 4, July 1998
Volumes & issues:
Volume 145, Issue 4
July 1998
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- Author(s): Z. Chen and E. Spooner
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 273 –283
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981981
- Type: Article
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p.
273
–283
(11)
The authors survey the many forms of DC/AC converter which may be applied to permanent magnet generators, examine their potential to meet the waveform, power factor, cost and efficiency requirements and consider their features in relation to the special environment of a wind turbine system. Feasible options are identified and compared. The control needed to achieve maximum energy capture from the wind is described. Inverters have been selected which are able to effect the necessary power control whilst providing controllable reactive power and causing minimal harmonic pollution of the network. Device cost and overall efficiency have been assessed for each option. - Author(s): L. Zhang ; C. Watthanasarn ; W. Shepherd
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 284 –294
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981937
- Type: Article
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p.
284
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(11)
The authors contrast two control strategies for direct AC–AC matrix converters: namely, the Venturini method and the space vector modulation (SVM) method. Comparison of the relative performances is made with regard to operation under unbalanced/distorted supply voltage, output voltage and input current harmonics, and converter losses. Measured results are given using a converter for which each bidirectional switch consists of two IGBTs and two diodes in a common collector configuration. The SVM method uses a simpler method to control the input power factor and involves lower switching losses. The Venturini method can compensate input voltage unbalance and/or distortion and gives slightly superior performance in terms of input current and output voltage harmonics. - Author(s): B.-H. Kwon ; B.-D. Min ; J.-H. Kim
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 295 –300
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981869
- Type: Article
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p.
295
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(6)
The AC–AC converter called the matrix converter is very simple in structure and has powerful controllability. However, to date there have been few practical applications, especially in power electronics fields. One of the major reasons is the commutation problem. The paper proposes a novel commutation technique which is very simple to implement. This commutation scheme allows the dead time to avoid current spikes of nonideal switches and at the same time establishes a current path of the inductive load to avoid voltage spikes. Experimental results obtained on a 5 kW prototype are discussed. - Author(s): A.J. Forsyth and S.V. Mollov
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 301 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981934
- Type: Article
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p.
301
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(6)
A simple, fundamental frequency equivalent circuit is derived for the series-loaded resonant converter with voltage boosting capacitor. The equivalent circuit permits direct and straightforward calculation of the steady-state resonant current and voltage conversion ratio; previous analyses have used time-domain techniques requiring complex calculation and numerical solution. Comparison with results from an idealised time-domain simulation is used to quantify the errors introduced by the fundamental frequency approximation. Practical results from a 1 MHz prototype demonstrate the accuracy of the technique for converter design. - Author(s): H.M. Suryawanshi and S.G. Tarnekar
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 307 –314
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981933
- Type: Article
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p.
307
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The performance of the high-frequency high-order series resonant converter operating in high power factor mode is presented. The pulsating DC voltage obtained from a single phase uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier is applied to the high-frequency full-bridge configuration of the resonant converter. Such an AC–DC converter operates at a high power factor without any active control of the input line current. High frequency (HF) transformer nonidealities (i.e. leakage inductance and magnetising inductance) are incorporated for analysis of the basic operation of circuit. This configuration is well-suited for higher output voltage applications such as high voltage DC power supplies. The lower order harmonics present in input line current are minimised by removing the gating pulses to the HF switches for a predetermined duration known as modulating window. A useful analytical technique, based on classical complex AC circuit analysis is suggested for designing the high-order series resonant tank circuit. The output voltage is regulated by independently using variable frequency control and duty ratio control. This AC–DC converter is simulated using TUTSIM and PSPICE packages, and an experimental prototype unit is developed using high frequency switches (MOSFETs). - Author(s): F.L. Luo
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 315 –325
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981804
- Type: Article
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p.
315
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The ‘re-lift’ converter is derived from the self-lift converter and performs a positive-to-positive DC–DC step-up voltage conversion with high efficiency, high power density and cheap topology in a simple structure. The output voltage and current of this converter are smooth. Two capacitors are applied to lift the output voltage by twice of the input voltage. The output voltage of the re-lift converter is double that of the self-lift converter. - Author(s): G.L. Peters ; G.A. Covic ; J.T. Boys
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 326 –332
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19982022
- Type: Article
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p.
326
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A new space vector switching strategy for four-switch inverters driving three-phase induction motors is described. The technique allows a full range of operation, compensating for both DC link ripple and imbalance to eliminate torque and speed pulsations under all operating conditions, while allowing the largest possible voltages to be produced. The paper presents theoretical expectations and compares these with measured values obtained from an inverter operating off a single phase AC supply corresponding to worst case conditions. - Author(s): P.F. Donoso-Garcia ; P.C. Cortizo ; B.R. de Menezes ; M.A. Severo Mendes
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 333 –338
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981801
- Type: Article
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p.
333
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A new control scheme for current distribution in parallel connected DC–DC converters is presented. It uses a sliding-mode controller to achieve both output current equalisation and output voltage regulation. The controller improves the dynamic performance of a parallel buck converter; the output voltage is robust against load disturbances and the output currents are very well equalised. The analysis and design of the sliding-mode controller is developed. Simulation and experimental results show good dynamic performance of the proposed control scheme. - Author(s): X. Dai ; Y. Xu ; D. He
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 339 –344
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981868
- Type: Article
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p.
339
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The paper presents a novel solution to the problem of harmonic pollution caused by an AC/DC single-phase bridge rectifier. By adding an additional passive resonant net, the inherent second harmonic current of the traditional rectifier can be phase-reversed every other period and then be forced to inject into the AC supply side to counteract most of the harmonic currents. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the supply current can be reduced from 50% to ~10%. Based on the harmonic injecting and counteracting principle, a very cheap, lossless and passive single-phase rectifier with low THD and unity power factor has been developed. - Author(s): C.-S. Lin and C.-L. Chen
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 345 –350
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981802
- Type: Article
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p.
345
–350
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Design and analysis of a new single-switch soft-switching class-E electronic ballast with high input power factor is presented. Design equations for the optimum operating condition are derived and complete computer analysis performed. It is shown that low duty-cycle control of the class-E ballast can reduce the voltage stress of the controlled switch. A 40-W fluorescent lamp ballast is implemented and experimental recordings verify the analytical results. - Author(s): S.J. Ghazanfari ; J. Allan ; K. Payne ; D. Knights
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 351 –359
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981891
- Type: Article
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p.
351
–359
(9)
The AC feeder network for a DC-supplied railway has a vital role in providing a highly available supply service to passengers on a mass-transit railway. Planning for a cost effective supply power network, while considering availability, is a very complex job. The paper describes a novel technique applicable to the planning of enhancements to an existing AC feeder network or the planning of a new network. The technique optimises the AC feeder network topology and feeder content in order to minimise the whole-life cost of the AC feeder network with two choices of system availability constraint. The choices are either to ensure that the network is secure if any single feeder is removed or to ensure that disruption costs as a result of feeder failure are included in the whole life cost. In the latter case, any additional feeders added to the network need to produce a net decrease in whole-life costs due to a reduction in disruption costs. The technique evaluates the optimum network for each of the two choices. A case study with sensitivity analysis for a part of the Northern Line of London Underground Ltd. is reported. - Author(s): L. Morel ; H. Godfroid ; A. Mirzaian ; J.M. Kauffmann
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 360 –368
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981982
- Type: Article
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p.
360
–368
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The authors present a new system for variable speed using a double-fed induction machine. With a special operating mode, the apparent power of the inverter can reach only 20% of the maximum mechanical power, compared to a classical solution which needs 120%. Control laws are also studied with and without a sensor and they are particularly robust. The approach is validated by simulations and experimental results. - Author(s): I.-C. Baik ; K.-H. Kim ; M.-J. Youn
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 369 –376
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981646
- Type: Article
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p.
369
–376
(8)
A DSP-based nonlinear speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) which is robust to unknown parameter variations and speed measurement error is presented. The model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based adaptation mechanisms for the estimation of slowly varying parameters are derived using the Lyapunov stability theory. For the disturbances or quickly varying parameters, a quasilinearised and decoupled model including the influence of parameter variations and speed measurement error on the nonlinear speed control of a PMSM is derived. Based on this model, a boundary layer integral sliding mode controller to improve the robustness and performance of a PMSM drive is designed and compared with the conventional controller. To show the validity of the proposed control scheme, simulations and experimental work are carried out and compared with the conventional control scheme. - Author(s): J. Zhang ; R. Mathew ; F. Flinders ; W. Oghanna
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 377 –382
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981866
- Type: Article
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p.
377
–382
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The paper presents a two-dimensional saturation model for DC traction motors. Two look-up tables are employed, which are the measured saturation curves for main poles and interpoles, respectively. Besides the saturation caused by field currents, an algorithm is derived to account for the flux weakening caused by armature reaction. The effects of saturation on all inductance parameters are presented, and variations of the armature inductance with both main pole saturation and interpole saturation are modelled. A Simulink motor model is presented to implement the above features in simulation, and is used as a visualisation simulator for DC traction motors. The simulation results from this simulator have been confirmed by comparisons with measurements. - Author(s): J.S. Ko
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 383 –386
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19982010
- Type: Article
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p.
383
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A new control method for the precision robust position control of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor using the asymptotically stable adaptive load torque observer is presented. A precision position control is obtained for the BLDC motor system approximately linearised using the field-orientation method. DC motors have been gradually replaced by the BLDC motor, since the industry applications require more powerful actuators in small sizes. Many of these motor systems have BLDC motors to obtain high power rates. On the other hand, the disadvantages are the high cost and more complex controller caused by the complex driving principle of BLDC motors, and the load torque disturbance is directly affected to a motor shaft. The application of the load torque observer using fixed gain has been published (Ko et al, 1993). However, the flux linkage is not exactly known for a load torque observer. There is a problem of uncertainty of obtaining very high precision position control. Therefore, a model reference adaptive observer was considered to overcome the problem of the unknown parameter and torque disturbance (Ko et al, 1994), but this is a case of BIBO stability. A new model reference adaptive observer is considered and stability analysis is carried out using the Lyapunov stability theorem. As a result, asymptotically stable observer gain can be obtained without affecting the overall system response. The load disturbance detected by the asymptotically stable adaptive observer is compensated by feed-forwarding the equivalent current having the fast response. - Author(s): Y.-H. Liu and C.-L. Chen
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 387 –392
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981867
- Type: Article
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p.
387
–392
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A novel dead time compensation method is proposed. The method calculates the difference between the ideal output voltage and the real one, and then compensates the effect via modification in the original controller software. This method can be applied to all controllers utilising space vector modulation techniques. The proposed approach will not affect the operating speed of the controller, and no additional hardware is needed. Simulation and experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. - Author(s): Z. Saad-Saoud and A.C. Williamson
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 145, Issue 4, p. 393 –400
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:19981837
- Type: Article
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p.
393
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A procedure for simulating electromagnetic drive systems, based upon graph theory concepts, is presented. These systems may consist of various combinations of electrical machines, transformers, power conditioning equipment or any other electrical component. The self and mutual inductances of any electrical machine in the system can be of any form (the number of harmonics used being unlimited). In addition, a new way of representing permanent magnet excitations based upon topological considerations is given. These features have extended the capabilities of the proposed model and therefore the simulation of complex and nonconventional electrical machines has been made possible. In order to fully validate the proposed approach, a wide range of study cases has been investigated. The results of comparisons with three different test arrangements are presented and good agreement is observed between simulated and experimental results.
Grid interface options for variable-speed, permanent-magnet generators
Analysis and comparison of control techniques for AC–AC matrix converters
Novel commutation technique of AC–AC converters
Simple equivalent circuit for the series-loaded resonant converter with voltage boosting capacitor
Resonant converter in high power factor, high voltage DC applications
Re-lift converter: design, test, simulation and stability analysis
Eliminating output distortion in four-switch inverters with three-phase loads
Sliding-mode control for current distribution in parallel-connected DC–DC converters
Novel passive rectifier with low THD based on harmonic injecting and counteracting principle
Single-switch soft-switching electronic ballast with high input power factor
Optimisation of AC feeder topology for a DC supplied rapid-transit railway
Double-fed induction machine: converter optimisation and field oriented control without position sensor
Robust nonlinear speed control of PM synchronous motor using adaptive and sliding mode control techniques
Simulator of DC traction motors including both main pole and interpole saturation
Asymptotically stable adaptive load torque observer for precision position control of BLDC motor
Novel dead time compensation method for induction motor drives using space vector modulation
Simulation of electromagnetic drive systems using graph theory
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