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IEE Proceedings C (Generation, Transmission and Distribution)

Volume 132, Issue 6, November 1985

Volumes & issues:

Volume 132, Issue 6

November 1985

A statistical method for optimising wind power contribution in a diesel supplied network
  • Author(s): A.J. Tsitsovits  and  L.L. Freris
  • Source: IEE Proceedings C (Generation, Transmission and Distribution), Volume 132, Issue 6, p. 269 –276
  • DOI:  10.1049/ip-c.1985.0045
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 269 –276 (8)
    Wind energy exploitation is likely to be economically viable in many cases where electricity is generated using diesel fuel. The economics of such cases are examined using statistical methods. The aim is to determine the optimum level of wind power capacity that should be installed in a diesel supplied network on the basis of known facts about the network and about the generation and local wind activity. A model for the load duration curve has to be assumed if not available. The theoretical basis of the method is first described and some details of the computer program to implement the method are given. A generalised study to assess the sensitivity of the solution to a number of parameters provides some interesting insights. Finally, the method is applied to all 45 Greek islands that possess autonomous diesel systems, and it is concluded that, with pessimistic assumptions, fuel savings of up to 22% and net savings of up to 9% are feasible.
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Decoupling techniques applied to the design of a controller for an unregulated synchronous machine
Decomposed load-flow algorithm suitable for parallel processor implementation
  • Author(s): M. Rafian ; M.J.H. Sterling ; M.R. Irving
  • Source: IEE Proceedings C (Generation, Transmission and Distribution), Volume 132, Issue 6, p. 281 –284
  • DOI:  10.1049/ip-c.1985.0047
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 281 –284 (4)
    The paper presents a new method for load-flow analysis which is particularly appropriate for very large power systems. The objective has been to reduce the computation time for the analysis of a given system by tearing the network into a number of independent subsystems. The subsystem programs may be executed in parallel, resulting in a considerable time saving for on-line system control. The main advantage of the new algorithm is that the computation efficiency of the main or co-ordinating program is significantly improved. Results are presented which indicate that, for average to very large systems, the net solution time using the suggested technique is less than half of that required by a centralised decoupled method to achieve the same accuracy.
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Performance comparison of two exact outage simulation techniques
  • Author(s): G.B. Jasmon ; R.M. Amin ; C.Y. Chuan
  • Source: IEE Proceedings C (Generation, Transmission and Distribution), Volume 132, Issue 6, p. 285 –293
  • DOI:  10.1049/ip-c.1985.0048
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 285 –293 (9)
    The paper compares the performance of two exact load-flow and outage simulation techniques. The second-order Newton-Raphson technique is described first, where the voltages are represented in rectangular co-ordinates. Then the power-flow solution by the method of reduction and restoration is described. Both methods use the complete Taylor series expansion of the nodal equations but the latter is different in that (a) only voltage-controlled busbars are retained during the iterative process, (b) a smaller-order Jacobian is used, and (c) on convergence the system is restored to the original size. Outages are simulated using the current injection principle for both techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of both are discussed.
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A frequency-dependent transmission line model for electromagnetic transient studies
Lightning performance criteria for electric power systems
  • Author(s): R.B. Anderson
  • Source: IEE Proceedings C (Generation, Transmission and Distribution), Volume 132, Issue 6, p. 298 –306
  • DOI:  10.1049/ip-c.1985.0050
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 298 –306 (9)
    In the paper the author has examined the parameters which influence the number of lightning strikes terminating on electric power lines and, having made assumptions, has proceeded accordingly to apply them to a variety of transmission and distributions lines worldwide, thanks to the co-operation of some 30 electric supply authorities who, in answer to a questionnaire, supplied basic parameters and performance data at short notice, covering over 100 lines totalling nearly a quarter million kilometres in length. Regression analysis was used to compute correlations between sustained outage rates, lightning flash density and system voltage, thus establishing median expressions for these relations which could be used to compare the relative performance of lines. Secondly, a parameter was devised to indicate the lightning protection efficiency (LPE) of a system and median values were computed, indicating a general tendency to improve with increasing lightning flash density. Whilst the sustained outage rate was considered to be the main criterion, in so far as the lightning performance of a line affected the community at large, trip-out rates, including successful reclosures, were important to the engineering designer, as representing the risk of damage from lightning flashover. Although this was not a question addressed to the utilities, some returned this data, to which was added the extensive data compiled for the CIGRE survey by Whitehead in 1974. It was thus possible to formulate a relationship between this trip-out rate and the sustained outage rate, leading to the calculation of what could be termed the lightning flashover efficiency (LFE).
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Modelling of saturated reactor compensator for system studies
  • Author(s): A.E. Davies ; J.J. Uriola Sereno ; D.M. German
  • Source: IEE Proceedings C (Generation, Transmission and Distribution), Volume 132, Issue 6, p. 307 –311
  • DOI:  10.1049/ip-c.1985.0051
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 307 –311 (5)
    A method of modelling multi-limbed saturated reactors under dynamic and steady-state conditions, allowing for both the electrical interconnection of the windings and the core construction, is presented. A selection of results from a digital computer program based on the simulation are given, illustrating the dynamic response of the reactor model to parameter changes under system energisation. The principle of harmonic series compensators in saturated reactors is described, and the harmonic analysis of the model's steady-state current waveforms for various loading is discussed.
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A review of paper aging in power transformers
  • Author(s): D.H. Shroff  and  A.W. Stannett
  • Source: IEE Proceedings C (Generation, Transmission and Distribution), Volume 132, Issue 6, p. 312 –319
  • DOI:  10.1049/ip-c.1985.0052
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 312 –319 (8)
    As part of a comprehensive study of transformer behaviour, the factors which control the aging processes in transformer paper have been reviewed experimentally. Three different types of paper have been used: 60/40 manilla/wood, all-wood and thermally upgraded paper. Aging has been done in vitro under oil in atmospheres of nitrogen and air with controlled water contents. The aging temperatures were in the range 110–140°C with aging periods up to 1.5 years. Paper condition was monitored by measuring its degree of polymerisation (DP) checked by burst strength. In most of the experiments normal BS 148 oil was used, but some experiments were done to examine the effect of oil preservatives on paper aging. Opportunity was taken to compare the furfuraldehyde contents of oils from the aging cells with paper condition. It is confirmed that paper aging is highly dependent on temperature and the presence of water and oxygen, although the aging of the thermally upgraded paper examined is virtually unaffected by water and only slightly by oxygen.
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