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Volume 132
Issue 4
IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews)
Volume 132, Issue 4, July 1985
Volumes & issues:
Volume 132, Issue 4
July 1985
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- Author(s): P. Hammond and Zhan Qionghua
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 149 –156
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0035
- Type: Article
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p.
149
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(8)
Dual variational principles have been devised to provide a simple and accurate method for the calculation of the energy of Poissonian fields. The method is illustrated by the calculation of the inductance of a T-shaped conductor in a slot with iron boundaries. In comparison with the normal finite-element method, the computing time is reduced by at least an order of magnitude. - Author(s): R.L. Ferrari
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 157 –164
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0036
- Type: Article
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p.
157
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Complementary functionals, expressed in terms of either E and ▿ × E or H and ▿ × H, applying to linear eddy-current problems are given and are shown to be stationary subject to simple, and sometimes natural, boundary constraints. The analysis is carried through to a late stage before the pre-Maxwell zero-displacement current approximation is applied, in order not to obscure the principal results. The extension to a laminated media is considered. Representation of the quasistatic H-field in any current-free region of the problem by a scalar potential is allowable. The results are verified by perturbing the known ‘skin effect’ quasi-static solution for parallel busbars. It is suggested how real eddy-current problems might be tackled by using the finite-element matrices for tetrahedral elements which have been derived by previous authors to apply to high-frequency problems and to the scalar Helmholtz equation. - Author(s): D. Rodger and J.F. Eastham
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 165 –170
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0037
- Type: Article
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p.
165
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(6)
A method for calculating three-dimensional eddy-current distributions has previously been described. It consists of using magnetic scalars to model fields in regions in which eddy currents do not flow, coupled to a three-component vector, the magnetic vector potential A, which describes the field inside eddy-current-carrying conductors. Applying boundary conditions to the region containing A is straightforward only in very simple cases. A technique for removing this limitation is described here. Results are substantiated by comparison with two test problems taken from the literature. - Author(s): E.M. Deeley and B.J. Chalmers
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 171 –177
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0038
- Type: Article
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171
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(7)
The step-function approximation to the B-H curve for saturating iron is used here to examine the behaviour of the surface impedance in the presence of travelling surface fields. The method is an extension of that employed by other authors for pulsating fields and uses the concept of a wavefront which sweeps into the medium twice every cycle. The magnitude and phase of the surface impedance is computed for both sinusoidal electric and magnetic surface fields, from which it is found that, over the permissible range of wavelengths, the change in both surface impedance magnitude and penetration is small. The surface impedance angle increases from its value for pulsating fields, although, for most practical situations, this increase will not be more than a few degrees. - Author(s): P.J. Betts
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 178 –180
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0039
- Type: Article
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p.
178
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When nickel or chromium plated terminals are used in the circuits of precision current transformers, instabilities are often observed in their calibration. The nature of these instabilities suggests the cause to be small DC components flowing in the transformer windings. In the paper, the DC components are explained in terms of semiconducting oxides on the terminal contact faces. Experimental results indicate that chromium in contact with oxidised copper produces the worst effects. It is concluded that the problem would be solved if manufacturers simply used unplated copper or brass terminations. - Author(s): W. Fishwick
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 181 –183
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0040
- Type: Article
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p.
181
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To maintain a high standard of living, Britain has to be a large manufacturing base supplying most of its needs for most types of goods, as well as for export. This will not happen unless we put more resources into educating and training engineers, with the specific intent of expanding the manufacturing industries. This needs changes in the engineering colleges and in their relationships with industry and with the UK Government, if we are not only to retain the present manufacturing base but increase it. Present practices will not suffice. - Author(s): B.F.N. Briggs
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 184 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0041
- Type: Article
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p.
184
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The Council for National Academic Awards has been in existence for 21 years. The paper reviews the origins and development of the CNAA and describes its present structure and role in higher education generally. In particular, the position which the CNAA holds in the education of electrical and electronic engineers to degree level is outlined. - Author(s): J.W. Baker
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 193 –198
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0042
- Type: Article
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p.
193
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The paper proposes that, in the UK, there needs to be a fundamental change in the attitudes of engineers. Engineering alone is not enough for engineers. They need to see themselves in the broader context of society as a whole. At present there is a general distrust by the general public of science and engineering, mainly because engineers have kept quiet for too long, and have been letting facts speak for themselves when they should have been explaining them. Now it is up to the engineering profession to educate the general public in terms that they can understand, in an attempt to win back wider public support. - Author(s): S. Blandford and R.P. Hope
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 199 –212
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0043
- Type: Article
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p.
199
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A model is constructed to describe the relationship of the various stages of human activity within the process of solving a system problem. A compendium of techniques are described in the paper, relevant to different stages of the process. These cover methods for illustrating problem structure, obtaining a decision sequence to govern the design process, and the choice of a course of action. Explicit modelling of the design logic increases the visibility of the process, not only to those directly engaged in the activity, but also to those setting objectives and implementing solutions. Decisions requiring systematic evaluation can be more easily separated from those properly relying on human judgment. - Author(s): C. Freeman
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 213 –221
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0044
- Type: Article
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p.
213
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There are many different kinds of technical innovations, but one of the most important distinctions is between incremental improvements to an existing range of products and processes and the revolutionary transformations brought about by entirely new technologies and production systems. Such deep-going transformations justify the expression ‘change of paradigm’ because they affect almost all branches of the economy to some extent. Examples of such paradigm changes are the introduction of electric power a century ago and the present revolution based on microelectronics. Each gave rise to a range of new products and changed the production system in many other industries. This paper makes some comparisons between these two technical revolutions and the social and economic changes which they engendered. On the basis of Schumpeter's theory of long cycles in economic development, it argues that a critical factor in each of these transformations was the adaptation of the institutional and educational framework in the leading industrial countries, to take advantage of the enormous productivity potential of the new technology. Today, as was also the case a century ago, there is some danger of Britain failing to make the necessary institutional changes in time to avoid further erosion of her position in world trade and economic performance. - Author(s): G.M. Edge
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 222 –227
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0045
- Type: Article
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p.
222
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The papers and discussion at the Colloquium are summarised, and include a review of the Government's policy on the encouragement of innovation, its implementation through the Alvey Directorate and by other means, experiences of design and development programmes in engineering and in textile design, the financing of innovation, third-party contributions by consultants, and innovation through co-operative research and development. - Author(s): D. Spickernell
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 228 –240
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0046
- Type: Article
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p.
228
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Eight papers at the Colloquium reported in this paper include a review by the Director General of BSI of how the quality system and design standards for industry (BS 5750) have been developed from the basis of the defence standards, and are shortly to be adopted as worldwide ISO standards. Other speakers enlarged on this, describing the new approach to unified procurement and project support, and also the processes of accreditation, assessment and certification. Other speakers examined the interaction of design and quality, with particular reference to satisfying the needs of consumers, and the management control of design, manufacture and marketing. Examples included the design of specialised technical equipment, consumer products and intermediate materials. - Author(s): L.T. Sumner
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 229 –230
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0047
- Type: Article
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p.
229
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- Author(s): J. Fraser
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 230 –233
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0048
- Type: Article
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p.
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- Author(s): A.A.J. Willitt
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 233 –234
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0049
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): K.K. Schwarz
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 234 –236
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0050
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): A.P. Tindall
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 236 –239
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0051
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): H.R.C. Young
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, page: 239 –239
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0052
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): P.H.J. Abbott
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 239 –240
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0053
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): D.H. Roberts ; J.A. Elmore ; R. Balcombe ; R.B. Bennett ; J.M. Hodge
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 241 –248
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0054
- Type: Article
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p.
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At a colloquium organised by the IEE's Management and Design Division (M1), and Professional Groups E1 and C9, in association with the Design Council, four speakers presented brief papers on design for testing in silicon integrated circuits, computer software, insulation systems and large turbine-driven generators. The objective was to identify the needs, economics and benefits of testing as part of the design process, in diverse applications. Discussion identified a number of common themes and principles. These included the need for testing to be an integral costed activity early in the design phase; clearly identified specification requirements (using formal language methods in the case of software); identification of failure mechanisms and development of monitoring techniques and formal systems for reliability data. Systematic quality control and type testing, based on practice and experience, were used to ensure functional requirements were met and to avoid costly unreliability in electrical machines. - Author(s): A.F. Anderson
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 249 –261
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0055
- Type: Article
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William Henley provides a case history of a pioneer manufacturer of electrical instruments and equipment, who expanded from instrument making into the production and laying of submarine cables. At one time he employed 2000 men and owned three cable laying ships. By 1874 he had expanded his firm beyond what one man could manage, and, when the recession came, he failed. He had lived frugally, but instead of using some of the profits to build up reserves, he spent heavily on expansion and borrowed heavily. Henley is an object lesson to all inventor-entrepreneurs: watch your cash flow, and be prepared to delegate. His personal management style did not adapt to the growth of the business and to the need for sound administration. The firm had to be reconstituted without him, and then W.T. Henley's Telegraph Works Ltd. recovered and enjoyed subsequent success.
Calculation of poissonian fields by means of the method of tubes and slices
Complementary variational formulation for eddy-current problems using the field variables E and H directly
The use of transformations in applying boundary conditions to three-dimensional vector field problems
Surface impedance of saturating iron in travelling fields
Nickel and chromium plated terminals in current transformer circuits
Engineers of quality, needed certainly, but deserved, perhaps
By CNAA degrees
When the engineering has to stop
Systematic methods for the problem solving process with particular reference to design
The economics of innovation
The management of innovation
Design = quality. true or false?
Design = quality. true or false?
Design = quality. true or false?
Design = quality. true or false?
Design = quality. true or false?
Design = quality. True or false?
Design = quality. true or false?
Design = quality. true or false?
Design for testability
William Henley, pioneer electrical instrument maker and cable manufacturer, 1813 to 1882
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- Author(s): P.H. Chappell
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, page: 262 –262
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0056
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): O.C. Jones
- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, p. 262 –263
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0057
- Type: Article
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p.
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A Basic Guide to Power Electronics
Basic Instrumentation Lecture Notes and Study Guide
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- Source: IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), Volume 132, Issue 4, page: 263 –263
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0058
- Type: Article
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p.
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Erratum: Anaylsis of the arc formed along the surface of a flat plate immersed in a laminar flow of gas
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