IET Power Electronics
Volume 13, Issue 12, 16 September 2020
Volumes & issues:
Volume 13, Issue 12
16 September 2020
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- Author(s): Prosenjit Mondal ; Praveen Tripathy ; Ravindranath Adda ; Ujjwal K. Saha
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2399 –2412
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1059
- Type: Article
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A new approach is proposed here to control the two-level three-phase grid side converter. The proposed control strategy is an extended state observer (ESO)-based adaptive control, consists of two cascaded control loops. The adaptive-multi-input multi-output controller is employed in the inner control loop, which is used to regulate the active and reactive component of the grid currents. The outer-loop consists of an adaptive controller augmented with an ESO to regulate the DC bus voltage. The goal of the proposed control strategy is to maintain a unity power factor while keeping the DC bus voltage constant under a sudden change in load demand at DC side, i.e. change in the resistive load connected across the DC bus. The proposed adaptive controller in the inner control loop does not require any information about the parameters associated with the grid filter (L-filter), and hence, it is found to be more robust towards parametric variations. The ESO-based adaptive controller is compared with the classical proportional–integral control in real-time, and the comparison indicates that the proposed controller not only accomplishes a nearly flawless tracking performance but also delivers a complete robust performance against resistive load variation across the DC bus.
- Author(s): Yousef Neyshabouri ; Hossein Iman-Eini ; Sanjay K. Chaudhary ; Yu Jin ; Remus Teodorescu
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2413 –2423
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1280
- Type: Article
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This study presents a multi-fault tolerant strategy for a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) with star configuration. A new method for post-fault operation of CHB-STATCOM is proposed, where after switch failures, the full-bridge (FB) submodules are used as two different types of half-bridge submodules named as positive half-bridge (P-HB) and negative half-bridge (N-HB). Using a modified level shift pulse-width modulation technique, a combination of FB, P-HB and N-HB submodules is employed in three legs of the converter to generate the maximum attainable ac side voltage in post-fault condition. In order to restore the nominal capacity of CHB-STATCOM, the capacitor voltage of submodules is increased based on the type and number of switch failures. Furthermore, by utilising a voltage balancing strategy, the voltages of submodules’ capacitors are kept balanced and regulated at the desired value in post-fault condition. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated on a scaled-down 9-level CHB-STATCOM laboratory prototype.
- Author(s): Ujjal Manandhar ; Xinan Zhang ; Hoay Beng Gooi ; Benfei Wang ; Feng Fan
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2424 –2431
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0067
- Type: Article
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The integration of the distributed generation to the unbalanced loads or the grid requires a three-phase four-wire inverter. The three-phase four-wire inverter could be of three-leg or four-leg topology. However, both the topologies have their drawbacks. The three-leg inverter topology with a split capacitor suffers from poor DC link voltage regulation and poor DC link voltage utilisation. The four-leg inverter topology suffers from poor electromagnetic compatibility. To solve these problems, the split link inverters with active balancing capabilities are studied by many researchers. The split link inverter with an active balancing inverter requires a constant DC link voltage and has less flexibility regarding the variation of the DC link voltage. In this study, a new converter topology is proposed, which provides the controllable DC link voltage to split link inverter with active balancing capability and also reduces the voltage stress to semiconductor switches to half DC link voltage. The detailed description of the proposed converter topology, design of the controller, and control hardware-in-the-loop verification are presented in this study.
- Author(s): Dongye Li ; Zhendong Ji ; Yichao Sun ; Jianfeng Zhao ; Chi Zhang
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2432 –2441
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1304
- Type: Article
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This study presents a novel solid-state transformer (SST) with four ports that can connect the medium-voltage (MV) DC bus, the MV AC bus, the low-voltage (LV) DC bus, and the LV AC bus, respectively. This SST is suitable for application in the hybrid AC/DC power grid that functions as an energy router between AC and DC systems. Furthermore, the SST submodule is enhanced with two types of dual-half bridge converters, namely DHSM1 or DHSM2, depending on if an additional active switch is used to block the possible short circuit. Thanks to the designed structure of the proposed SST that combines DHSM1 and DHSM2 as the front-end stage, it achieves reduced hardware complexity with the remaining capability to handle the DC short-circuit fault that may occur at the medium- or high-level voltage DC grid. In addition, an optimised overall control strategy that can reduce the measurement demand and control complexity is proposed, with the possible power flow path inside the SST fully analysed. Simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed SST and the effectiveness of the overall control scheme with the DC fault handle capability.
- Author(s): Ataollah Gogani Khiabani and Ali Heydari
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2442 –2449
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1339
- Type: Article
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In this study, a new approach based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is proposed to control permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The objective of this study is to control the torque and consequently the speed of a PMSM when an unknown load torque is applied to it. The proposed controller achieves a fast transient response, low ripples and small steady-state error. The control algorithm uses two neural networks, called critic and actor. The former is utilised to evaluate the cost and the latter is used to generate control signals. The training is done once offline and the calculated optimal weights of actor network are used in online control to achieve fast and accurate torque control of PMSMs. This algorithm is compared with field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control based on space vector modulation. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides desirable results under both accurate and uncertain modelled dynamics. Although the performance of FOC method is comparable with ADP under nominal conditions, the torque and speed response of ADP is better than FOC under realistic scenarios, that is, when parameter uncertainties exist.
- Author(s): Farshid Naseri ; Erik Schaltz ; Kaiyuan Lu ; Ebrahim Farjah
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2450 –2460
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1498
- Type: Article
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This study proposes an effective diagnosis method for single and multiple open-switch faults (OSFs) in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The proposed method is based on the real-time estimation of the three-phase motor currents using three Kalman filters (KFs). Three residual signals are defined as the differences between the three-phase measured and estimated stator currents. The averaged normalised residual signals are used as diagnostic criteria for the detection of OSFs. The proposed method accurately detects the OSFs, localises the faulty switches and effectively discriminates between the OSFs and current sensor faults. The main superiorities of the proposed KF-based method are its fast detection time and high robustness to measurement noises/errors and load variations. Moreover, the proposed method is useful for both closed-loop and open-loop PMSM drives. The proposed method can be embedded as a subroutine in the drive control unit without any hardware extension. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through extensive simulations and several hardware-in-the-loop experiments on a testbed with a 1.5 kW PMSM and dSPACE1104 control board. In addition, the real-time feasibility of the proposed method using low-cost microprocessor technology is guaranteed by testing it on TMS320F28335 from Texas Instruments©.
- Author(s): Chunjie Li ; Zhenglong Xia ; Fei Li ; Xinyu Chen ; Hongmei Li ; Zhan Liu ; Guifeng Wang
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2461 –2468
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1415
- Type: Article
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Three-phase AC–DC converter based on integrated transformer is a novel converter which is capable of handling high power levels and can realise power factor correction function. Owing to different parameter tolerances of the primary windings, grid current could be unbalanced, which usually could not be solved through traditional control methods. To handle this problem, a current balancing method is adopted in this study to improve former current control loop. Meanwhile, based on the principle of instantaneous power balance, a dual loop control strategy with an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop is designed. Besides, load current feedforward control is introduced to enhance the dynamic response. Moreover, phase-shift control is employed as the modulation method, in which duty ratios change along with sinusoidal signals. Simulation and experimental results show that the control strategy could make the three-phase current of the converter sinusoidal and balanced.
- Author(s): Fan Wang ; Yubin Wang ; Bing Su ; Changpeng Teng
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2469 –2480
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0295
- Type: Article
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A three-phase interleaved high step-up bidirectional DC–DC converter is proposed, which can achieve three times the voltage gain of the traditional three-phase interleaved boost converter only by adding two capacitors. The proposed converter has the characteristics of low switch voltage and current stresses, low output voltage ripple, automatic voltage-balancing and current-sharing abilities. Compared with the traditional interleaved switching strategy, a 180° interleaved switching strategy is proposed, which is more suitable for the proposed converter by widening the working duty cycle range. Closed dual-loop control is used to regulate the output voltage of the converter. The parameter determining the method of the closed-loop controllers based on the Bode diagram is described in order to control the high-order converter. Operating principle, modelling, steady-state analysis, voltage-balancing and current-sharing ability analysis and closed-loop design of the converter are studied in more detail. Finally, experimental verification and efficiency measurements are implemented by a 300 W, 24 V input to 230 V DC bus prototype, which proved that the proposed converter is more suitable than the traditional three-phase interleaved boost converter for some applications where requiring about six to ten times the voltage conversion ratio.
- Author(s): Mingzhang Li ; Lihui Yang ; Xikui Ma ; Mengqi Li
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2481 –2491
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1473
- Type: Article
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Based on the generalised averaging method, a comprehensive mathematical model for a three-phase grid-connected voltage source converter (VSC) with closed-loop vector control and symmetrical regular-sampled modulation is proposed here. The double Fourier series of switching functions is presented to construct the state average vectors in this model. To involve the conventional vector current control strategy, the coordinate transformation method of the state average vector is derived. The multiplication properties are also illustrated to calculate the product average vector for state variables. The proposed model is validated in both MATLAB simulations and hardware experiments. The results show that both the fundamental and the switching behaviours of the converter as well as the closed-loop dynamics of the controller can be accurately demonstrated by the derived model with fast simulation speed. The steady-state harmonic distribution can also be directly achieved by computing the equilibrium point of the system. The proposed model is appropriate for system-level studies of power electronic-based power systems and can provide a beneficial reference for the practical design and the performance assessment of the closed-loop VSC system, which indicates the broad prospect of the application of generalised average models in power system and power electronics fields.
- Author(s): Fehmi Sevilmiş and Hulusi Karaca
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2492 –2499
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0119
- Type: Article
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In this study, an advanced phase-locked-loop (PLL), which has a simple structure and a low computational burden is proposed. The proposed PLL also improves the dynamic performance and the filtering capability of the conventional three-phase enhanced-PLL (3pEPLL) significantly. The conventional 3pEPLL operates three individual EPLL blocks for each phase voltage and a fourth EPLL for estimation of the magnitude, frequency, and phase angle, which considerably increases the structural complexity and computational burden. However, the proposed PLL called enhanced-3pEPLL (E2PLL) employs only two single-phase EPLL modules in its pre-filtering stage. A moving-average-filter (MAF) is also supplemented on the error signal path of these EPLL modules, which allows smoother estimation of the magnitude, frequency, and phase angle, and improves the filtering capability of the EPLLs. Unlike the conventional 3pEPLL, the proposed E2PLL employs a quasi-type-1 PLL (QT1-PLL) to estimate the magnitude, frequency, and phase information of the fundamental grid voltage. The structure of QT1-PLL is similar to a type-1 PLL, which offers a low transient response time. The small-signal model of the proposed PLL is derived for stability analysis and parameter design procedure. The effectiveness of the E2PLL is verified owing to experimental results and comparison with the conventional 3pEPLL and QT1-PLL.
- Author(s): Sen Zhang ; Jianfeng Zhao ; Kangli Liu ; Baorun Li ; Pengyu Wang
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2500 –2510
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0002
- Type: Article
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Power electronicconverters have attracted significant attention in renewable energy generation and distribution systems. However, some crucial techniques, such as power quality and stability enhancement of converters, still need to be further improved. In this study, an improved reduced-order generalised integrator (ROGI), which can achieve decoupling, is proposed. It can reduce the -axis and -axis current coupling and improve the dynamic response performance, maintaining the advantage of the conventional ROGI (e.g. less computational burden). Besides, delay compensation is added to the proposed decoupled ROGI, which improves the stability of the current loop and can be effectively applied for the current/voltage harmonic suppression in the distributed system. Also, the procedures of parameter tuning and optimal delay compensation angle computation are given. Finally, the harmonic current compensation of the three-phase grid-connected converter is taken as an example for simulation analysis, and the experimental results verify the reasonability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
- Author(s): Linlin Tan ; Ruying Zhong ; Zongyao Tang ; Tao Meng ; Xueliang Huang
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2511 –2522
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0082
- Type: Article
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The power fluctuation problem has been a key issue in dynamic wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. In the past research studies, the power fluctuation problem at low-transmission distance has been solved, but existing solutions often involve complex control strategies and cannot realise power stabilisation for dynamic WPT systems under high-transmission distance. As a remedy, the spatial rotating coil design scheme is proposed based on magnetic field aggregation to solve the power fluctuation problem without control strategy for high distance dynamic WPT system. Firstly, the crucial parameters affecting power fluctuations are analysed. Then the relative optimisation backgrounds are introduced. Afterwards, the mechanism of power sag is analysed based on magnetic field analysis. Subsequently, the spatial rotating double D (DD) coil design is proposed inspired by omnidirectional WPT coil, and various different DD coil schemes are optimised utilising magnetic field aggregation method to acquire the optimal scheme. Compared with the original coil scheme, the proposed design scheme improves fluctuation of system mutual inductance without complicated control strategies according to simulation results. Finally, a physical coil system consistent with the simulation system is constructed, which verifies the improvement effect of the proposed scheme and effectively confirm feasibility of the optimal scheme.
- Author(s): Zhenjie Li and Yiqi Liu
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2523 –2530
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1315
- Type: Article
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Aiming at the problems of the existing magnetic couplers used by wireless charging system (WCS) with multiple power transfer channels, this study presents an investigation into the use of magnetic integration technique and orthogonal decoupling method to design an orthogonal laminated magnetic integrated coupler with SDDD-MIOC (square, Double D (DD), and magnetic integrated overlap coils). Firstly, the concept of SDDD-MIOC is proposed to solve the key issues of the existing magnetic couplers. Then, the operating principle and design method of the proposed SDDD-MIOC are illustrated. Secondly, the coupling performance and electric characteristics of the designed magnetic integrated coupler with SDDD-MIOC are analysed in-depth. Finally, both experimental and simulation results verify that the designed magnetic integrated coupler with SDDD-MIOC helps the WCS with three power transfer channels to achieve the low component voltage or current stress, high space utilisation, good power expansion ability, and high system fault-tolerant ability.
- Author(s): Biying Ren ; Chenxue Xie ; Xiangdong Sun ; Qi Zhang ; Dan Yan
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2531 –2537
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1589
- Type: Article
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Accurate parameter identification of a lithium-ion battery is a critical basis in the battery management systems. Based on the analysis of the second-order RC equivalent circuit model, the parameter identification process using the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is discussed firstly. The reason for the RLS algorithm affecting the accuracy and rapidity of model parameter identification is pointed out. And an improved RLS algorithm is proposed, an inner loop with the estimated parameter vector updated multiple times is inserted into the conventional RLS algorithm, so that the identification results are improved. The test platform of a single lithium-ion battery is built. The experimental results show that the improved RLS algorithm has better tracking ability, smaller prediction error and has a moderate computational burden compared with the conventional RLS algorithm and a variable forgetting factor RLS algorithm.
- Author(s): António Manuel Santos Spencer Andrade ; Tiago Miguel Klein Faistel ; Ronaldo Antonio Guisso
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2538 –2546
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0110
- Type: Article
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This study proposes a new hybrid non-isolated DC–DC converter suitable for photovoltaic applications, which can be extended to other applications such as electric vehicles, fuel cells etc. The proposed converter combines the main characteristics of boost and Ćuk converters with a coupled inductor, voltage multiplier, and super-lift cell. Additionally, the proposed topologies present reduced voltage stress across the semiconductors when compared to similar converters and high efficiency. Experimental results obtained using a laboratory prototype (35 V/400 V and 200 W) validate the efficacy and viability of the proposed topology.
- Author(s): Mohammad-Javad Navardi ; Jafar Milimonfared ; Heidar-Ali Talebi
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2547 –2554
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.0038
- Type: Article
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A hybrid direct torque control (DTC) method is proposed in this study for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive based on the finite-set control (FSC). After selecting the optimal voltage vectors, the steady-state torque and flux ripple is minimised using the conventional DTC and the most efficient and dynamically-fast mode of the control algorithm. The philosophy of the control approach proposed is based on the FSC and DTC. In other words, the process of optimisation relies on a combination of FSC DTC. Compared to conventional PMSM drive control, the proposed technique optimises the switching state of the inverter and minimises the cost function by adopting measures resembling DTC. In addition, the sensitivity of this method to motor parameters is very low, and it is computationally simple. The results obtained from the experiments and simulations validated the applicability of this method to PMSM drives by suggesting that the proposed model provides dynamically-fast responses to low torque and flux ripples using a simple-to-implement hybrid structure.
- Author(s): Guo-Ming Sung ; Chun-Ting Lee ; Zhao-Long Chen
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2555 –2561
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1482
- Type: Article
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This study proposes a buck converter IC with voltage-mode pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller to provide a stable bias voltage for the brushless DC motor drive. The proposed buck converter IC comprises an error amplifier, a hysteresis comparator, a linear ramp generator, a driving circuit, a non-overlapping circuit, a bootstrap circuit and a level shifter. By integrating these proposed circuits into a single chip, the performance of buck converter chip could be improved significantly. The PWM controlled signal was used to generate a suitable output voltage by modifying the duty cycle. The advantage of this method is that the control method of the feedback circuit can be implemented easily, has a short ON time, and has effective noise immunity. After verifying the designed functions, the proposed IC was fabricated using TSMC 0.25 μm 1P3M complementary metal oxide semi-mixed signal process. Measurement results illustrate that the output voltage, output current, line regulation, load regulation, output ripple voltage and peak power efficiency were 5 V, 200 mA, 13.33 mV/V, 18.5 mV/A, 30 mV, and 68%, respectively, at an input voltage of 15 V and a switching frequency of 100 kHz. The chip area was ∼1.480 × 0.999 mm2.
- Author(s): Fangqiang Huo ; Yansong Li ; Jun Wan ; Minhao Wang ; Jun Liu
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2562 –2568
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1248
- Type: Article
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To address the problems of traditional frequency tracking, such as falling into a local optimum, oscillation near the optimal point, and contradiction between tracking speed and tracking accuracy, an improved perturb–observe method based on component drift parametric scanning is proposed. An inductive contactless power transmission system with LCC/S third-order compensation topology is employed as the research object. First, the relationships between the output voltage and frequency under component drift parametric scanning are given by theoretical deduction and calculation. Then, a reasonable working frequency band is intercepted, and the improved perturb–observe method (including start, end, step, and anti-death cycle judgement) is used to track the optimal working state adaptively. Finally, the correctness of the proposed theory and method was verified by simulations and physical experiments.
- Author(s): Yuanhong Tang ; Weihao Hu ; Zhangyong Chen ; Qi Huang ; Frede Blaabjerg
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2569 –2579
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.0766
- Type: Article
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In this study, a wide load range zero-voltage zero-current switching (ZVZCS) dual-active-bridge DC–DC converter using auxiliary parallel networks is proposed. The outstanding feature of the proposed converter is that all of the switches are allowed to operate with zero-voltage switching while four of the switches are allowed to operate with zero-current switching, due to the use of two auxiliary parallel networks, which were paralleled to two active bridges, respectively. Furthermore, the circulating current losses can be reduced significantly by using unified boundary trapezoidal modulation method. Based on these merits, the proposed converter has some advantages for the wide range load variation applications with less circulating current losses. The operation principles, soft-switching conditions and loss analyses comparison are given in this study. These benefits and characteristics mentioned above are verified from the experimental results by using a 1 kW prototype.
- Author(s): Shuai Dong ; Qianfan Zhang ; Zhu Chunbo
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2580 –2588
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0204
- Type: Article
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A novel converter with a three-winding coupled inductor, called switched-coupled-inductor Z-source inverter (SCI-ZSI), is developed based on the switched-and-coupled inductor technology in this study. Compared with the conventional switched-inductor Z-source inverter and trans-Z-source inverter, the novel inverter had a higher voltage-boosting capability. In addition, the improved topology shared a common ground point between the DC source and the inverter bridge. Under the same modulation index and load conditions, the input diode and capacitor voltage stress of the proposed inverter were lower than those of the other topologies. The operating principles, impedance-network design, voltage and current stress are presented. The theoretical findings were verified by simulation and experimental results.
- Author(s): Milad Nemati ; Seyed Hossein Hosseini ; Mohammad Bagher Bannae Sharifian ; Mehran Sabahi
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2589 –2597
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0175
- Type: Article
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A high step-up/high-efficiency converter is one of the essential requirements of a low power grid-connected photovoltaic system that provides the maximum power point tracking ability and injects the low voltage extracted power to AC or DC distribution network. This study presents a common-ground non-isolated high-gain DC/DC converter whit a naturally wide range of soft-switching conditions. The proposed converter has two resonant loops, and a new simple structure consists of an active switch, three diodes, two inductors and two capacitors, work in two useful operation modes. In the optimum operation mode (OOM), the switch turns on/off in zero current switching (ZCS)/zero voltage switching condition, and at the sub-OOM, the switch turns on in ZCS condition and turns off in hard switching condition. The mathematical analysis and MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation results are described in detail. Also, a prototype 100 W converter is built and tested to validate the simulation analysis on a 100 W photovoltaic panel.
- Author(s): Weitao Deng and Shanhu Li
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2598 –2606
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.0998
- Type: Article
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A novel direct torque control (DTC) using rotating sector switching table is proposed for a matrix converter (MC) fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system in order to minimise common-mode voltage of the system, exploiting MC rotating vector's advantage of generating zero common-mode voltage. To overcome the difficulty that the angle between adjacent rotating vectors varies according to the phase of input voltage, the rotating vectors are classified into two groups, and each group of vectors have identical rotating direction and fixed angle between adjacent vectors. Rotating sectors of the vector plane are then established, and concise switching table is put forward for the MC-DTC. Experiments are carried out on a 1.6 kW prototype. The results demonstrate considerable common-mode voltage reduction and adequate dynamic performance of the proposed MC-DTC.
- Author(s): Tao Wang ; Ziqiang Zhu ; Nuno Miguel Amaral Freire ; Zhanyuan Wu ; Milijana Odavic ; Martin Foster ; David Stone
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2607 –2617
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0246
- Type: Article
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Generalised predictive control (GPC) is known for its good dynamic performance and long prediction horizon, but the performance can be severely deteriorated when measurement noises exist due to the wide control bandwidth of GPC. Meanwhile, the unmodelled periodic disturbances can cause ripples to the output variables. In this study, a practical permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system with speed measurement noise and periodic disturbances is considered, for which a novel multivariable GPC method is proposed to achieve both good dynamic performance and speed ripple mitigation. The proposed method has a simple structure, since the traditional cascaded speed and current control loops are replaced by a non-cascaded one. To reject the measurement noise without jeopardising the system stability, an internal low-pass filter is embedded in the GPC. Meanwhile, external resonant loops are added to the GPC to mitigate the low-order speed ripples caused by the periodic disturbances. Furthermore, a deadbeat-based current constraint method is proposed to avoid overcurrent during transient processes. Theoretical stability analysis of the proposed method is presented. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good steady-state and dynamic performances, including measurement noise rejection and speed ripple mitigation.
- Author(s): Li Guo ; Rui Liu ; Xialin Li ; Yun Zhang
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2618 –2627
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1211
- Type: Article
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Two-stage power conversion system (PCS) for energy storage systems has been considered in islanded operation mode. A three-level T-type three-leg three-phase four-wire topology (3LT23L3P4W) is employed as AC/DC part and a three-level buck/boost converter is used as DC/DC interface. This study is mainly focused on balancing the neutral-point potential (NPP) of the PCS with asymmetrical load connection. An NPP low-frequency ripple model of 3LT23L3P4 inverter is proposed considering various load conditions firstly, which includes detailed expression of low-frequency ripple components at fundamental frequency and fundamental frequency multipliers. Then, a novel NPP balancing method based on front-end three-level buck/boost converter under proportional resonant control is presented, in which the resonance points are set at fundamental frequency and triple fundamental frequency to suppress the dominant components of NPP ripple. Furthermore, a small-signal model of three-level buck/boost NPP control system is established and stability analysis is carried out. Simulation and experimental results have been provided to verify the accuracy of the NPP low-frequency ripple model and the effectiveness of the NPP balancing method.
- Author(s): Lais Farias Martins ; David Stone ; Martin Foster
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2628 –2637
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5672
- Type: Article
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The study proposes the application of two modelling techniques for analysis of bidirectional CLLC resonant converters. The state-variable and cyclic-averaging techniques are applied for converters operating under two types of phase-shift modulation: single-phase-shift and pulse-phase modulation. The converter is analysed considering forward and reverse power flow directions and a state-variable equation description is obtained for both modes. The models are first validated through simulation, comparing the state-variable and cyclic-averaging results to a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE)-based simulation. Additionally, a low power prototype is built, experimental results are presented and the influence of parasitic elements and system delays is discussed. Simulation and experimental results show the models can accurately represent the behaviour of CLLC converters for both types of phase-shift modulation. In addition, using the cyclic-averaging technique results in a considerably faster execution compared to state-variable and SPICE-based models.
- Author(s): Hongru Yu ; Jianhui Su ; Haining Wang ; Yiding Wang ; Yong Shi
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2638 –2650
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0078
- Type: Article
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A proper inverter model is an important tool for system stability analysis and parameter design. A complete model is accurate, but computationally expensive. While some reduced-order models are available, they are inaccurate in certain situations, or lose generality as parameters change. The characteristics of these inverters are significantly different from those of synchronous machines with strong natural timescale separation. Although network dynamics and inner-loop dynamics are relatively fast, they seem to have an impact on power loops with slow dynamics, and neglecting them can lead to questionable results. In this study, the limitations of existing general models are demonstrated, and their applicability is analysed. To address the reduced-order precision problem, a process-simplified reduction method and an efficient reduced-order inverter model are proposed for microgrid applications. The developed model has higher precision and wider applicability while uncovering instability mechanisms and addressing other factors. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the validity of the model reduction method are verified by comparative experiments.
- Author(s): Hui Xiong ; Yuling Wang ; Jinzhen Liu ; Yimei Chen ; Yue Ji
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2651 –2657
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0032
- Type: Article
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p.
2651
–2657
(7)
To improve the stimulation efficiency of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and reduce the size and power consumption of the overall circuit, a compact and efficient capacitor charging power supply using an inductor–capacitor–inductor–capacitor resonant converter (LC–LC RC) is designed in this study. The LC–LC RC has the characteristics of low power consumption, high efficiency and uses the voltage gain of the resonant circuit itself and a voltage doubler rectifier circuit instead of the transformer to reduce the size and weight of the overall circuit. A detailed ac analysis with fundamental frequency approximation of the LC–LC RC is presented. Expressions for converter gain, operating condition of the converter as a constant-current power supply, and condition of the converter voltage and current zero-phase difference are derived. In addition, RC design value conditions for the minimum resonant network size are derived. An experimental 1.05 A 120 V prototype converter is designed, developed, and tested to verify the theoretical analysis. Experimental results indicate that this circuit is suitable for use in capacitor charging to increase the stimulation performance of TMS.
Development of an adaptive control strategy for the three-phase grid side converter with wide range of parametric and load uncertainties
Improved post-fault operation strategy for a cascaded H-bridge based STATCOM
Active DC-link balancing and voltage regulation using a three-level converter for split-link four-wire system
Four-port solid-state transformer based on hybrid MMC with enhanced dual half-bridge submodules
Optimal torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motors using adaptive dynamic programming
Real-time open-switch fault diagnosis in automotive permanent magnet synchronous motor drives based on Kalman filter
Unbalanced current analysis of three-phase AC–DC converter with power factor correction function based on integrated transformer
Three-phase interleaved high step-up bidirectional DC–DC converter
Generalised average modelling of grid-connected three-phase VSC with closed-loop vector control and regular-sampled modulation
Efficient implementation and performance improvement of three-phase EPLL under non-ideal grid conditions
Enhanced reduced-order generalised integrator with delay compensation for harmonic suppression in distribution system
Power stabilisation scheme design using spatial rotating coil based on magnetic field aggregation
Orthogonal laminated magnetic integrated coupler for the wireless charging system with multiple power transfer channels
Parameter identification of a lithium-ion battery based on the improved recursive least square algorithm
Single-switch high-efficiency hybrid boost–Ćuk DC/DC converter with high-voltage gain and low-voltage stress
Flux and torque ripple minimisation for permanent magnet synchronous motor by finite-set hybrid direct torque control
Buck converter IC for brushless DC motor drive using voltage-mode PWM controller
Optimal working state tracking method and experiments on inductive contactless power transmission system
Dual-active-bridge DC–DC converter with auxiliary parallel networks for wide load range ZVZCS application
Switched-coupled-inductor Z-source inverter with a high boost inversion capability
Common-ground non-isolated high-gain DC/DC converter for low power distributed generation photovoltaic systems
Rotating sector switching table-based direct torque control of matrix converter-fed PMSM drives for common-mode voltage minimisation
Multivariable generalised predictive control with measurement noise rejection and speed ripple mitigation for PMSM drives
Neutral point potential balancing method for three-level power converters in two-stage three-phase four-wire power conversion system
Modelling of phase-shift modulated bidirectional CLLC resonant converter
Modelling method and applicability analysis of a reduced-order inverter model for microgrid applications
Development of compact rapid capacitor charging power supply for TMS
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- Author(s): Eladio Durán ; Salvador P. Litrán ; María Bella Ferrera
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2658 –2670
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2019.1251
- Type: Article
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p.
2658
–2670
(13)
This study describes the methodology and the basic procedure developed by the patent entitled New Configurations of DC -DC Converters of One Input and Multiple Outputs without Transformer and Power Converter that Apply Them. The invention is related with new configurations of DC -DC converters of single input and multiple outputs (SIMO), without a transformer, with a single power switch, and therefore a single control circuit, which results in a smaller size, lower weight and simplicity compared to other known SIMO DC–DC configurations. In a novel form, it comprises at least two converters which share the DC source, an inductor and the power switch. This is obtained by the combination of basic converters: step-down (buck), step-up (boost) and step-down/step-up (buck–boost) as ?uk converter, SEPIC (single ended primary inductance converter), Zeta, CSC (canonical switching cell) and buck -boost single-inductor. A generalisation of the methodology developed in this invention allows to obtain modular converters with 2N, 3N, 4N and 6N outputs and single input, from N converter modules. The paper also relates to a power converter, comprising N (greater than or equal to 2) DC converters connected in parallel, whose control signals have a phase shifting of 2π/N radians.
Configurations of DC–DC converters of one input and multiple outputs without transformer
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- Author(s): Jiazheng Sun ; Qiuye Sun ; Dazhong Ma ; Panfeng Wang
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2671 –2674
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0076
- Type: Article
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p.
2671
–2674
(4)
In this study, an improved dynamic response strategy with dual phase-shift (IDR-DPS) for dual-active-bridge (DAB) DC–DC converter is proposed to improve system performance and eliminate DC bias caused by power mutation. Firstly, a unique combination of independent variables about inner and outer phase shift duty ratios is calculated at a given reference power through combining the minimum current stress calculation method with DPS control, which makes DAB run efficiently. On this basis, a DC bias elimination method is proposed to eliminate DC bias current in half a switching period through modifying inner duty ratios during transient process and drive DAB to reach new steady state quickly. Finally, a DAB topology platform is built to perform experiments of proposed IDR-DPS strategy and traditional direct control, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by comparative experiments.
- Author(s): Manuel Barragán-Villarejo ; José M. Maza-Ortega ; Fernando Mancilla-David ; Francisco de Paula García-López
- Source: IET Power Electronics, Volume 13, Issue 12, p. 2675 –2678
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0095
- Type: Article
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p.
2675
–2678
(4)
Power electronic-based interties in the distribution system are considered an important element for the integration of distributed energy resources. They can provide a series of network services such as active and reactive power control, voltage regulation and harmonic and imbalance compensation that facilitate the integration of these new resources. Despite dc links are usually proposed for this purpose, it is also possible to interconnect radial distribution feeders by means of ac links with direct ac/ac power conversion. This study presents the experimental validation of a current control loop based on feedback linearisation for an ac-link shunt-series power flow controller based on a vector switching matrix converter. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control in both steady-state and transient conditions.
Improved dynamic response strategy with dual phase-shift control for dual-active-bridge DC–DC converter
Experimental realisation of an AC-link shunt-series power flow controller
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