Online ISSN
1751-8695
Print ISSN
1751-8687
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2012
Volumes & issues:
Volume 6, Issue 5
May 2012
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- Author(s): X. Zhang ; J. Zhou ; N. Li ; Y. Wang
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 353 –362
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0378
- Type: Article
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p.
353
–362
(10)
White noise is a major noise that influences the accuracy of partial discharge (PD) measurements. According to the characteristics of white noise and PD signals, a new method for suppressing white noise when monitoring PD signal in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is presented; this method combines respective advantages of block thresholding and spatial correlation de-noising arithmetic. First this algorithm uses a thresholding de-noising method to preprocess the sub-band signal of wavelet decomposition of noise, then processes the data with the spatial correlation method and finally reconstructs the de-noised information and returns it to the original signal. This method combines the respective advantages of the two de-noising methods. The impacts of decomposition level, noise intensity and iteration number of spatial correlation de-noising algorithm are discussed by the analysis result of simulation and experiment in the study. The simulative experimental results indicate that this method can extract PD signals effectively. Compared with complex Daubechies wavelet (CDW) transform adopted to suppress white noise, the new method has a better de-noising effect and less energy loss and performs more accurately. Finally, an example of a field-detected PD signal shows that the method is effective and practical in PD online monitoring. - Author(s): T. Niknam and H. Doagou-Mojarrad
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 363 –377
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0698
- Type: Article
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p.
363
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(15)
In this study, a novel modified adaptive thetas-particle swarm optimisation (MA thetas-PSO) algorithm is presented to investigate the multiobjective economic/emission dispatch (MEED). thetas-PSO algorithm is based on the phase angle vector and can generate a high-quality solution within the shorter calculation time in comparison with the original PSO and other evolutionary methods. However, thetas-PSO algorithm is easy to fall into stagnation when the position of a particle is not improved for several generations. In order to avoid this shortcoming, the authors have proposed a modified thetas-PSO algorithm by using a new mutation. Moreover, the inertia weight factor as a significant adjusting parameter of thetas-PSO algorithm is tuned by using fuzzy IF/THEN rules such that the cognitive and the social parameters are self-adaptively adjusted. The proposed MA thetas-PSO algorithm maintains a finite-sized repository of non-dominated solutions. As the cost and emission functions have conflicting behaviours, a fuzzy clustering technique is used to control the size of the repository. The proposed algorithm is tested on two standard IEEE test systems. The obtained results demonstrate the satisfying capability of the proposed method to generate well-distributed Pareto optimal non-dominated solutions of the MEED problem. - Author(s): W.J. Liu ; Z.Z. Lin ; F.S. Wen ; G. Ledwich
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 378 –386
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0609
- Type: Article
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p.
378
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(9)
Determining the optimal of black-start strategies is very important for speeding the restoration speed of a power system after a global blackout. Most existing black-start decision-making methods are based on the assumption that all indexes are independent of each other, and little attention has been paid to the group decision-making method which is more reliable. Given this background, the intuitionistic fuzzy set and further intuitionistic fuzzy Choquet integral operator are presented, and a black-start decision-making method based on this integral operator is presented. Compared to existing methods, the proposed algorithm cannot only deal with the relevance among the indexes, but also overcome some shortcomings of the existing methods. Finally, an example is used to demonstrate the proposed method. - Author(s): S. Kurokawa ; E.C.M. Costa ; I.S. Brandt ; J. Pissolato
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 387 –394
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0721
- Type: Article
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p.
387
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(8)
This study describes a technical analysis of a four-phase line as a transmission system alternative. An analysis in the frequency and the time domains is performed to evaluate the electrical characteristics and the transient response of a generic four-phase system compared with those of a conventional three-phase transmission system. The technical features of this non-conventional system are discussed and reviewed based on the current literature. Thus, a new analysis of the four-phase system is presented that emphasises several technical characteristics that have not been discussed in previous studies. - Author(s): I. Ohana ; U.H. Bezerra ; J.P.A. Vieira
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 395 –403
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0594
- Type: Article
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p.
395
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This study presents some data-mining experiments applied to electric power systems with the aim of extracting knowledge from historical data produced by the supervision, control and data acquisition system of a hydroelectric plant in Brazil. In the first experiment, statistical analysis is performed on discrete events such as Boolean events, alarms, commands, set-points and analogue quantities as electrical frequency, to display relevant aspects of the electrical system operation. Next, the results of an experiment performed on discrete events from associations describing relationships patterns among items in a database are presented. In the third experiment, a decision tree is used to reveal relationships among several analogue variables as: the relationship between the downstream water level and generated power, for example. In the fourth experiment, a decision tree is designed to detect if the hydro generator operation is violating any constraint imposed by its capability curve, also indicating which limit is extrapolated. These experiences contribute to successfully show the data-mining applicability to power systems, to improve the management of hydroelectric power plants operation, maintenance and planning, besides also contributing to establish a culture of its usage in the electrical industry. - Author(s): L.P. Kunjumuhammed ; R. Singh ; B.C. Pal
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 404 –416
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0670
- Type: Article
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p.
404
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This study reports an approach of selecting effective feedback signal to damp out electromechanical oscillations in the power system under unpredictable supply and demand situation. The idea of minimum variance of the modal residue has been utilised to select a signal which is very effective over a large number of operating conditions. A minimal variation of residue results in minimal deviation in damping performance from the desired level. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in a 16-machine, 68-bus NETS-NYPS test system and 46-machine, 190-bus practical Mexican interconnected system models. - Author(s): B. Musa ; W.H. Siew ; M.D. Judd ; T. Wang ; Q.M. Li
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 417 –423
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0522
- Type: Article
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p.
417
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Switching operations of devices such as circuit breakers and disconnect switches within high voltage substations generate transient electromagnetic fields. The transient fields may impair normal operation of the equipment used for measurement, communication, protection and control purposes. The magnitude and characteristics of the transient fields depend on the wave shape and magnitude of transient currents propagating on the substation bus bars. This study discusses modelling of 400 kV air-insulated substation with the aim of characterising the transient currents both in the time and frequency domains. This is achieved by making use of the electromagnetic transient program. The effects of switching configurations and substation layout on the transient currents are investigated. The magnitude and dominant frequency components of the transient current at different positions are also identified. - Author(s): T. Niknam and F. Golestaneh
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 424 –435
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0219
- Type: Article
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p.
424
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In power systems, dynamic economic dispatch (DED) is one of the most significant non-linear problems showing non-convex characteristic because of the valve-point effects. In this study, an enhanced adaptive particle swarm optimisation (EAPSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the DED problem where the valve-point effects, ramp-rate limits and transmission power losses are taken into account. In the proposed optimisation algorithm, a mutation technique is devised to prevent premature phenomena and lead the swarm search space much more effectively; also a novel non-linear approach is designed to adjust the inertia weight factor dynamically according to the optimisation process performance. Social and cognitive factors are self-adaptively tuned, so the swarm can search the space smartly for global optimum solution. The efficiency of the proposed method is validated on three popular test systems in the area including 5, 10 and 30 thermal units. The results are compared with most of the other works in the area. The superiority of the method is shown over earlier methods. - Author(s): X.S. Han ; L. Han ; H.B. Gooi ; Z.Y. Pan
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 436 –444
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0524
- Type: Article
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p.
436
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In the electric power system, grasping active and reactive load variation regularity of each node is a key problem for optimal dispatch, preventive control, security assessment and transmission capacity evaluation. This study presents a novel composite approach of ultra-short-term forecasting for multi-node active and reactive load. It proposes a hierarchy and sub-area idea to construct a framework of self-adapting dynamic load models. With load forecasting at the top layer implemented by the recursive least square support vector machines (RLS-SVM) algorithm, discrete state-space equations are established to describe the dynamic characteristics of the multi-node active load distribution factors and power factors, and then the Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy control technique is introduced to realise feedback compensation. The application of the proposed technique in the actual power system control centre of Shandong Province is verified and satisfactory results are found. - Author(s): D.D. Simfukwe ; B.C. Pal ; R.A. Jabr ; N. Martins
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 445 –452
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0684
- Type: Article
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p.
445
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The study presents a method for the coordinated design of low-order robust controllers for stabilising power system oscillations. The design uses conic programming to shift under-damped or unstable modes into a region of sufficient damping of the complex plane and involves two stages. The first stage is a phase compensation design that accounts for multiple operating conditions with flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) and power system stabilisers (PSS), unlike our earlier approach involving PSS only. The second stage is gain tuning. This is done effectively in a coordinated way using conic programming. An example demonstrates the method's ability to design coordinated FACTS and PSS controllers resulting in damping oscillations over all given operating conditions of the power system with very simple and low-order control structure. - Author(s): J. Wu and X. Guan
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 453 –462
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0004
- Type: Article
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p.
453
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Forward markets not only provide a financial tool to hedge risks in the spot market but also change generators' strategic behaviours. An important question thus arises that considering the market power in the forward market and the effect on spot market decisions, would the introduction of forward contracts enhance competition and efficiency? In this study, a repeated Cournot game model for two markets is presented to try to analyse and predict the generator's risk-averse bidding behaviours in the forward and spot market. The spot price uncertainty, network congestion, multi-period spanning of forward contracts and the operating constraints of generation are taken into account in the model. Within each iteration, the individual utility maximisation problem for each generator is solved as a generation asset allocation problem between monthly futures contracts and the daily spot market. Numerical testing results show that the introduction of a forward market does encourage market participants to compete more aggressively. It is found that the bidding behaviours are affected by generators' risk tolerance, unit operating constraints, network transfer capability etc. - Author(s): F.B. Costa ; B.A. Souza ; N.S.D. Brito
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 463 –471
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0539
- Type: Article
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p.
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The analysis of fault-induced transients in three-phase overhead transmission lines can provide extensive information about the fault type, detection, location, direction and sustained time in satisfactory agreement with real application in protective relays. These transients depend on the system topology, load condition and the fault parameters, such as the fault type, resistance, inception angle and location. This study addresses the fault inception angle effects in the energies of the fault-induced transients in both voltages and currents by means of the wavelet coefficient energy analysis at the first three wavelet scales, in which a generic energy equation regarding the fault-induced transients as a function of the fault inception angle in all kinds of faults was established. - Author(s): M.B. Abaee Kopaee ; M. Manbachi ; H. Khezeli ; M.S. Ghazizadeh ; A. Rahimi-Kian
- Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 472 –481
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0515
- Type: Article
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p.
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This study presents an InterNet-based power market simulator (NetPMS) that has been invented, designed and implemented by the authors to provide an applicable environment for university students, research centres, power market participants and electrical power agents in order to exchange and raise their knowledge about power market issues. NetPMS is designed based on an open access framework that can be applied by any users who intend to learn about how different power markets around the world work and also desire to experience a real market participation in a virtual space. In NetPMS Ver.1.2, users can easily learn to participate in a day-ahead or a real-time market and share their information and experiences together. In other words, they can design a market by their own initiative. Hence, they can raise their knowledge about electric market regulation performance and execution modes properly. This study reviews NetPMS specifications and advantages, besides explaining its architecture and terms of usage. For testing the applicability of NetPMS in electricity market modelling, 9-bus IEEE test system is used for studying centralised power markets and 30-bus IEEE test system is applied for assessing semi-centralised power markets as case studies. Therefore this study can be a valuable guide for anyone who desires to know about a new remarkable power market simulator (NetPMS) for educational and research objectives.
Suppression of UHF partial discharge signals buried in white-noise interference based on block thresholding spatial correlation combinative de-noising method
Multiobjective economic/emission dispatch by multiobjective thetas-particle swarm optimisation
Intuitionistic fuzzy Choquet integral operator-based approach for black-start decision-making
New approach to four-phase transmission systems: analysis of the transient response and the possible voltage surges
Data-mining experiments on a hydroelectric power plant
Robust signal selection for damping of inter-area oscillations
Time and frequency characterisation of transients because of switching in 400 kv air-insulated substations: bus bar currents
Enhanced adaptive particle swarm optimisation algorithm for dynamic economic dispatch of units considering valve-point effects and ramp rates
Ultra-short-term multi-node load forecasting – a composite approach
Robust and low-order design of flexible AC transmission systems and power system stabilisers for oscillation damping
Risk-averse strategic gaming in forward and spot electricity markets
Effects of the fault inception angle in fault-induced transients
NetPMS: an internet-based power market simulator for educational purposes
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