Online ISSN
2042-9746
Print ISSN
2042-9738
IET Electrical Systems in Transportation
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2011
Volumes & issues:
Volume 1, Issue 3
September 2011
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- Author(s): S. Smith
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 91 –92
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2011.0045
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): S.M. Blair ; C.D. Booth ; I.M. Elders ; N.K. Singh ; G.M. Burt ; J. McCarthy
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 93 –102
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2010.0053
- Type: Article
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Power-dense, low-voltage marine electrical systems have the potential for extremely high fault currents. Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) have been of interest for many years and offer an effective method for reducing fault currents. This is very attractive in a marine vessel in terms of the benefits arising from reductions in switchgear rating (and consequently size, weight and cost) and damage at the point of fault. However, there are a number of issues that must be considered prior to installation of any SFCL device(s), particularly in the context of marine applications. Accordingly, this study analyses several such issues, including: location and resistance sizing of SFCLs; the potential effects of an SFCL on system voltage, power and frequency; and practical application issues such as the potential impact of transients such as transformer inrush. Simulations based upon an actual vessel are used to illustrate discussions and support assertions. It is shown that SFCLs, even with relatively small impedances, are highly effective at reducing prospective fault currents; the impact that higher resistance values has on fault current reduction and maintaining the system voltage for other non-faulted elements of the system is also presented and it is shown that higher resistance values are desirable in many cases. It is demonstrated that the exact nature of the SFCL application will depend significantly on the vessel's electrical topology, the fault current contribution of each of the generators, and the properties of the SFCL device, such as size, weight, critical current value and recovery time. - Author(s): A.J. Roscoe ; I.M. Elders ; J.E. Hill ; G.M. Burt
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 103 –110
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2010.0048
- Type: Article
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This study describes the creation of a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) environment for use in evaluating network architecture, control concepts and equipment for use within marine electrical systems. The environment allows a scaled hardware network to be connected to a simulation of a multi-megawatt marine diesel prime mover, coupled via a synchronous generator. This allows All-Electric marine scenarios to be investigated without large-scale hardware trials. The method of closing the loop between simulation and hardware is described, with particular reference to the control of the laboratory synchronous machine, which represents the simulated generator(s). The fidelity of the HIL simulation is progressively improved in this study. First, a faster and more powerful field drive is implemented to improve voltage tracking. Second, the phase tracking is improved by using two nested proportional–integral–derivative–acceleration controllers for torque control, tuned using lambda tuning. The HIL environment is tested using a scenario involving a large constant-power load step. This provides a very severe test of the HIL environment, and also reveals the potentially adverse effects of constant-power loads within marine power systems. - Author(s): A.S. Thomas ; Z.Q. Zhu ; G.W. Jewell
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 111 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2010.0049
- Type: Article
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For embedded power generation within civil gas turbine engines, generators are anticipated to endure high rotor speeds coupled with large rotor diameters. With variable frequency permanent magnet generators finding increased roles because of the perceived higher torque density, the issue of rotor integrity becomes a critical issue. Although banding has been previously used in surface mounted PM (SPM) machines, they inevitably increase the airgap and hence reduce the torque capability of the machine. The flux-switching PM (FSPM) machine has been an intense topic of research for many years. By combining its armature and field sources in the stator, its rotor is a passive single piece, salient steel lamination, making it inherently suitable for high speed applications. This study compares both machines when optimised for high speed applications by designing the rotors of both machines for mechanical integrity and comparing the electromagnetic performance. The electromagnetic trade off in the mechanical optimisation of the FSPM machine is found to be negligible, in contrast to the ∼33% reduction of SPM flux linkage because of the increased airgap length. The performance of FSPM machine is validated on a scaled FSPM prototype. - Author(s): J.W. Bennett ; B.C. Mecrow ; D.J. Atkinson ; C. Maxwell ; M. Benarous
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 117 –125
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2010.0054
- Type: Article
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This study describes the design and testing of a dual-lane electric drive for a prototype, electromechanically actuated, nose wheel steering system for a commercial aircraft. The drive features two independent motor controllers, each operating one-half of a dual three-phase motor, resulting in an actuator capable of full performance following an electrical fault. An isolated communications link between controllers allows parameter consolidation to identify faults and to synchronise outputs, ensuring even load sharing. A selection of results is presented from motor dynamometer performance analysis and from fully loaded output tests, performed on a hydraulic load rig at Airbus, UK. - Author(s): R. Todd and A.J. Forsyth
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 1, Issue 3, p. 126 –135
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2010.0056
- Type: Article
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Higher-voltage, 540 V, aircraft DC-bus power quality is examined experimentally and by computer simulation during a short-circuit fault across the phase terminals of a 70 kW, five-phase, permanent magnet fault-tolerant generator. The DC-bus transients caused by the short-circuiting of the generator phases are seen to exceed the limits in MIL-STD-704F and a control algorithm is proposed for a supercapacitor-based energy storage device that mitigates the transients. The controller performance is illustrated by computer simulations for a range of bus switching scenarios.
Editorial: Selected papers from the Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD'10) Conference
Superconducting fault current limiter application in a power-dense marine electrical system
Integration of a mean-torque diesel engine model into a hardware-in-the-loop shipboard network simulation using lambda tuning
Comparison of flux switching and surface mounted permanent magnet generators for high-speed applications
Fault-tolerant electric drive for an aircraft nose wheel steering actuator
DC-bus power quality for aircraft power systems during generator fault conditions
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