Volumes & issues:
Volume 16, Issue 3
April 2021
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- Author(s): D. Ross
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 4 –4
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0320
- Type: Article
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Stuck in our homes, in the small space between those few walls, we find ourselves dreaming of what's outside, beyond, and even of other worlds. - Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 6 –7
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0321
- Type: Article
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News from around the world. - Author(s): J. Wilson
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 8 –8
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0300
- Type: Article
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UK SPACE COMPANY Orbex has commissioned an industrial 3D printer it says will be Europe's largest as it prepares to launch rockets from Scotland in 2022. Weighing over 12 tonnes, the system will be able to print 35 rocket engines each year. Orbex commissioned Additive Manufacturing Customized Machines (AMCM) to build the printer, which will allow it to rapidly print complex rocket engines in-house. The custommade, large-volume 3D printer will allow Orbex to print more than 35 large-scale engines and main-stage turbopump systems annually as the company scales up its production capabilities for launches. The multi-million-pound deal was signed with AMCM following a series of successful trials printing various largescale rocket components over a number of months. AMCM will deliver a complete printing suite with post-processing machinery and machine vision systems, providing automatic imagingbased inspection of printed components. To accommodate the new machinery, Orbex is expanding its factory floor space by an additional 1,000 square metres. - Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 10 –10
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0301
- Type: Article
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Reasearchers at the US Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have used computer simulations to predict the heat related damage caused to ITER, the international tokamak under construction in France. - Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 11 –11
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0322
- Type: Article
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The next generation of trains for London Underground's Piccadilly Line will feature air conditioning, real-time information screens and higher passenger capacity, Transport for London (TfL) has said. Developed in partnership with Siemens, the new trains will replace the Piccadilly Line's ageing fleet which were first introduced in the 1970s. - Author(s): B. Heubl
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 12 –12
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0323
- Type: Article
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Covid-19 lockdown and home refitting plans introduce unique challenges to asbestos-contaminated homes across the UK. A visual analysis calculates where building stock may be affected the most. - Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 14 –15
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0324
- Type: Article
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Denmark is building the world's first wind energy hub on an artificial island in the North Sea to provide cleaner energy. The Scandinavian nation provides the most oil among all European countries but has promised it will be stopping fossil-fuel production within the next three decades. - Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 16 –17
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0325
- Type: Article
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Send your letters to The Editor, E&T, Michael Faraday House, Six Hills Way, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2AY, UK, or to [email protected]. We reserve the right to edit letters and to use submissions in any other format. - Author(s): D. Elsy
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 19 –19
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0302
- Type: Article
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Overview of a cross-sector response to the UK's government plea for the fast development, production and delivery of ventilators, to help the National Health Service cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. The following topics are dealt with: biomedical equipment, project management, organisational aspects, innovation management, product development, government policies, emergency management and supply chains. - Author(s): T. Pultarova
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 20 –23
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0303
- Type: Article
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In November 2020, the International Space Station celebrated 20 years of its permanent human habitation. A major milestone for the world of astronautics and, as the world's space agencies say, for humanity itself. The assembly of the station began in late 1998 with the launch of the Russian-built module Zarya and the American Unity. It was completed in the early 2010s after the arrival of Tranquility with its trademark Earth-facing viewing platform Cupola. Consisting of 16 pressurised modules and a lot of supporting hardware, the station covers the size of a football pitch. Its construction stretched the technical as well as political skills of the partnering space agencies. With a construction cost of nearly £90bn and an annual running cost of nearly £3bn, it also stretched their budgets. This paper gives a brief overview of some of the most interesting or promising studies that have come out of the orbiting laboratory. These include: drug development and smart delivery, water recycling and air purification, artificial organs' growth, robotics, and combustion. - Author(s): T. Pultarova
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 24 –27
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0304
- Type: Article
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The FAO (UN Food and Agriculture Organisation) and other international organisations make global food security forecasts based on climate predictions and global and political developments to help countries plan ahead. But current weather and climate models are neither sufficiently accurate nor detailed in longer-term predictions. Also, the analysts need to combine information from various sources. The work is time-consuming and tedious. The next generation of environmental models could tackle this problem in a more automated way, according to Doblas Reyes. Not only for agriculture and food security but for all other sectors affected by weather, climate fluctuations, natural disasters, but also human activity. One such next-generation environmental modelling project hoping to tackle this challenge is Destination Earth. Launched in 2020, this is an ambitious endeavour spearheaded by the European Commission, which aims to develop an environmental super-model, a digital replica of the entire system of the planet including human activity. The model, also called a digital twin Earth, would rely on well-established methodologies of weather and climate forecasting but take these technologies one step further. It will weave together cutting-edge climate simulations with information about all other aspects of the Earth's system gathered by sensors in space, on the ground, underground, as well as under water to effectively simulate the proverbial `butterfly wing' effect, the impact of seemingly minor regional events across the planet. - Author(s): L. Murray
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 28 –31
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0305
- Type: Article
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Designing a spacecraft that can image the Sun as closely as possible without melting the delicate instruments has been a challenge. But scientists' luck could be about to change.LAUNCHED IN February 2020 from Cape Canaveral, a 1.7-tonne spacecraft called the Solar Orbiter aims to get up-close images of the Sun from 42 million kilometres away, while measuring its energetic behaviour in real-time. The suite of 10 on-board instruments will enable it to uniquely marry the study of events in the Sun's gaseous corona, measure its magnetic fields, and sample the solar wind as it flows past the spacecraft as a stream of energetic particles. - Author(s): M. Williamson
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 32 –33
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0306
- Type: Article
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A key component in the UK's ambition to become a powerhouse in the space industry is to have indigenous launch capabilities. How well is progress going? Space business in Britain appears to be booming. According to the UK Space Agency's 2020-21 corporate plan, the sector currently makes “a substantial contribution to UK prosperity” by generating an income of £14.8bn, employing 42,000 people and supporting a further £300bn of economic activity through the use of satellite services. - Author(s): T. Pultarova
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 34 –37
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0307
- Type: Article
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The paper looks at the Gaia astrometry mission. In space since late 2013, Gaia has revolutionised the study of the Milky Way and enabled astronomers to gain unprecedented insights into large-scale processes that have shaped the galaxy's turbulent life over billions of years. Collisions and mergers with other galaxies, bursts of star formation that had given rise to stars including our Sun, the behaviour of the galaxy's disc and many other details have emerged from the terabytes of data that Gaia has acquired since 2014. The two billion stars that Gaia sees represent only about 1 per cent of the galaxy. With the help of computer modelling, astronomers can, however, reconstruct the galaxy as a whole. - Author(s): S. Doyle
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 38 –39
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0326
- Type: Article
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We reminisce about some of the most unusual things that have left the confines of Earth over the years. - Author(s): V. Woollaston
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 40 –42
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0308
- Type: Article
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The paper begins by looking at the 2011 Japanese tsunami and the role of modelling in forecasting how high tsunami waves can be. It goes on to discuss the role of various data sets in forecasting natural disasters in general, and the use of artificial intelligence/machine learning in modelling. - Author(s): R. Pool
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 44 –47
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0309
- Type: Article
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Rising levels of space debris threaten to obliterate satellites and knockout internet access. Meet the organisations racing to stop the junk in its tracks. ClearSpace-1 will use robotic arms, described as `tentacles' to capture part of a Vega Secondary Payload Adapter, then perform a controlled atmospheric re-entry. - Author(s): B. Heubl
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 48 –50
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0310
- Type: Article
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Cargo ships from around the world are moving untracked in African waters, where the rise of a new fishing activity, transshipment, affects everything from local biodiversity to piracy. This E&T investigation followed several European cargo ships, mapping their encounters and loitering events while switching off their automatic identification systems, along Africa's western coast, and looks into the potential consequences of this practice. The following topics are dealt with: fishing industry, commercial law, sustainable development, ships, commerce, nonprofit organisations, satellite tracking, and artificial intelligence. - Author(s): D. Simkin
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 51 –51
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0327
- Type: Article
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Institutio Astronomica, regarded as one of the first modern astronomy textbooks, was originally published in 1647 and is based on a series of lectures that Pierre Gassendi gave when he was the chair of mathematics at College Royal in Paris. - Author(s): J. O'Malley
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 52 –55
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0328
- Type: Article
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Since Covid-19 first hit, London has almost doubled the amount of segregated cycling infrastructure and created dozens of 'low traffic neighbourhoods'. Could the changes permanently change how Londoners travel? - Author(s): T. Fryer
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 56 –57
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0311
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This article discusses the research and development methods used by the British Ineos Team UK whilst competing for the America's cup in yacht racing 2021. This year's rules minimised the time and methods allowed for physical testing, resulting in essential hours of parallel run sailing simulations utilising CAD files, along with computational fluid dynamic modelling run on Simcenter's STAR-CCM+ software. Structural and mechanical feature design of boat components including foils, hulls, masts, rudders and sails were also explored along with weather conditions such as wind, and forces such as drag, lift, yaw, pitch, flow and roll, with feedback gathered from 100 different points on the simulated boat. Virtual-reality headsets and graphics are used alongside a motion platform for sailors to train on the simulated models. - Author(s): C. Andrews
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 58 –61
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0312
- Type: Article
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With governments around the world bringing forward their own bans on the sale of new petrol and diesel vehicles, the article investigates why is Formula One developing sustainable fuels, not just for its own use but for the automotive industry as a whole. The following topics are dealt with: automobile industry, sport, internal combustion engines, biofuel, electric vehicles, sustainable development, carbon capture, carbon storage and government policies. - Author(s): J. Pollard
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 62 –63
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0313
- Type: Article
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The introduction of electro-mechanical encoding machines with billions of permutations at the end of the First World War brought a new challenge to code-breakers. Perhaps the greatest threat was the German Enigma machine and its far more complex big brother, the Lorenz machine. Not that this seemed to bother the British government, who were aware Polish intelligence had managed to `break' an Enigma during its testing with the German army. It did, however, bother Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair, head of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS/MI6) and all cryptanalysts who realised that the Polish Enigma was only `broken' until the Germans changed the machine's rotor settings, which at the time they rarely did. With some prescience, Admiral Sinclair decided to set up a joint physical base for SIS and the Government Code and Cipher School (GC&CS), settling on Bletchley Park as their new home. - Author(s): N. Smith
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 64 –67
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0329
- Type: Article
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Second-in-command on Nasa's first simulated Mars mission, HI-SEAS, Kate Greene discusses what it takes to be a modern astronaut, and why today's 'right stuff' is different from what was required on the Apollo missions of the 20th century. - Author(s): C. Quin
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 68 –69
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0330
- Type: Article
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Smarter tech for selfies, activity tracking, staying in touch, audio description, gardening and more. - Author(s): P. Dempsey
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 70 –71
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0331
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Brilliant engineering at a hefty price. - Author(s): N. Smith
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 72 –73
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0332
- Type: Article
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Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental threats we face today and one of the most significant causes of premature death. Author Chris Woodford discusses the science and statistics. - Author(s): S. Somara
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 74 –74
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0333
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TV presenter Dr Shini Somara talks to Heather Turnbull, design engineer with TechnipFMC. She works on well completion systems, designing components for subsea Christmas trees. - Author(s): J. Pollard
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 75 –75
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0334
- Type: Article
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Known as the mathematicians' artist, Maurits Escher is perhaps best known for his etchings. But for all his mathematical renown, he only gained widespread recognition after his death. - Author(s): T. Fryer
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, p. 76 –77
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0335
- Type: Article
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South African aircraft manufacturers are developing an aircraft which they hope will deliver drone-like VTOL capabilities with a long-range, high-speed turboshaft cruise mode. - Author(s): H. Lamb
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 78 –78
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0336
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A villain feels there is a gap in the market for sieges that go the extra mile to impress. - Author(s): R. Northfield
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 79 –79
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0337
- Type: Article
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Why, hello! Hope you're doing well in this lovely lockdown. I do recommend having all these gadgets in your home, if only for something to talk about or get distracted by. Enjoy! - Author(s): V. Vitaliev
- Source: Engineering & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 3, page: 82 –82
- DOI: 10.1049/et.2021.0338
- Type: Article
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Chased by greedy undertakers and funeral directors, our columnist flees (vicariously) to one the world's engineering wonders - Milestii Mici Wine City in Moldova.
Opinion - Editorial. Editor's Letter
News - Briefing: World News
Landmark 3D printer to enable rocket building in Scotland
ITER will withstand extreme heat load, simulations show
News - Briefing: Rail- Next-gen tube trains boast air-con, higher capacity and real-time info screens
News - Briefing. The Graphic: Asbestos in British homes
Renewables - Windpower. The Bigger Picture: Artificial wind island
Opinion - Feedback. Your Letters
Ventilator teamwork shows what's possible with innovative thinking [Regular- Columnist]
Why do we need the ISS? [Space Innovation]
What's in Our Future? An Earth 'Twin' Will Tell Us [Environment Digital Twin]
Solar orbiter: mission to study the sun [Space innovation]
Is the UK 'go for launch'? [Out of this world Spaceports]
A Galaxy Up Close [Space Astronomy]
Space - Objects. Beam it up!
The Disaster Data Dilemma [Earth sciences artificial intelligence]
Scrapheap in the sky [Technology space debris]
Fishing In Murky Waters [Investigation- Sea Fish]
Regulars - History. Pierre Gassendi's Institutio Astronomica
Transport - Infrastructure. On yer Bike
Real Results from Sailing Simulation [America's cup yacht racing]
Formula One: Fuelling The Green Dream [Motorsport - Fuels]
Engineering Places: Bletchley Park [engineering research]
Interview: Kate Greene
Reviews - Consumer Technology. Gadgets: AirSelfie Air Pics; Garmin Lily; Blueair HealthProtect; Yardroid; Yo-Yo Machines; Envision Glasses.
Reviews - Consumer Technology. The Teardown - Apple AirPods Max
Reviews - Book Interview. Bad breath of life
Regulars - Columnist. BackStory: 'I have never carried the stigma that says females cannot do certain things'
Regulars - Columnist: The Eccentric Engineer. Art - Mathematical arty adventures in the Division of the Plane.
News - Briefing. The Measure of: Pegasus Vertical Business Jet
Regulars - Columnist. Dear Evil Engineer: Question - Can I honour my heritage with a mammoth militia?
Technology - Blog. Bizarre Tech - HyperCube; Moflin; Samsung Bot Handy
Regulars - Columnist. After All: Wine - Cheered up by tastings of sparkling Pfizer and dry-white AstraZeneca
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