Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 8, Issue 6, 23 March 1972
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Volume 8, Issue 6
23 March 1972
Microwave 2nd-harmonic generator of high conversion efficiency using the nonlinearity of negative resistance in n type GaAs
- Author(s): Shigeo Kaneda and Hiroaki Horima
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 141 –142
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720102
- Type: Article
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p.
141
–142
(2)
Theoretical considerations and experimental studies of a microwave harmonic generator using the nonlinearity of negative resistance in n type GaAs for a small-signal excitation are performed to develop solid-state millimetre-wave devices. Experimental results using a Gunn diode show the very high conversion efficiency and the possibility of millimetre-wave generation.
Stabilising surface-wave devices against temperature variations
- Author(s): Richard M. White and R.C. Goyal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 142 –143
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720103
- Type: Article
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p.
142
–143
(2)
Surface-elastic-wave devices can be temperature-stabilised with a feedback circuit which includes a phase comparator for a reference signal and a deposited thin-film heater. In a 50 MHz yz lithium-niobate test delay line, the phase variation corresponded to a maximum temperature change of ±0.017°C, while the ambient temperature varied from 25 to 35°C.
Improved algorithm for the construction of minimal spanning trees
- Author(s): C. Pynn and J.H. Warren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 143 –144
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720104
- Type: Article
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p.
143
–144
(2)
An improved algorithm for the construction of minimal spanning trees is proposed which is particularly suitable for use with data sets containing repeated elements. The algorithm may be applied to cluster-detection and pattern-segmentation problems, such as arise in automatic speech recognition.
New type of analogue multiplier with wide dynamic range
- Author(s): E.A. Faulkner and J.B. Grimbleby
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 145 –146
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720105
- Type: Article
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–146
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For reasons which are discussed in this letter, the dynamic range of existing transconductance-type analogue multipliers falls short of that imposed by device limitations when they are used in a constant-output mode. It is shown that, by employing a new type of circuit in the feedback path of an operational amplifier, a dynamic range of 86 dB can be obtained over a control range of 30 dB with less than 0.25% departure from linearity.
New concept in electrostatic rotation
- Author(s): Carl F. Klein
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 146 –147
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720106
- Type: Article
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p.
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–147
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This letter describes a new electrostatic-rotation phenomenon. While the concept of using electrostatic forces to produce rotation is very old, the author believes that the method of rotor-charge-gradient production described in this letter and its utilisation for obtaining rotational torque, are new and unique. Although the above device leaves much to be desired in the way of output torque and efficiency, it is felt that the basic concept represents a true advance in the state of the art of electrostatic-motor design.
1.06 μm absorption coefficients of deuterated KDP with 70–100% deuteration
- Author(s): V.M. Bichard ; P.H. Davies ; K.F. Hulme
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 147 –148
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720107
- Type: Article
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147
–148
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The absorption coefficients for ordinary and extraordinary rays were measured at 1.06 μm for a number of samples using a calorimetric method. The values range up to 3%/cm, and are plotted against the Curie temperature determined by relative/permittivity/temperature runs. Also plotted are electro-optic halfwave voltages at 0.633 μm against Curie temperature. The data are relevant to laser-Q-switch design.
Simple broadband cylindrical antenna with quasidistributed capacitive loading
- Author(s): Branko D. Popović and Momčilo B. Dragović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 148 –149
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720108
- Type: Article
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p.
148
–149
(2)
A cylindrical antenna with easily adjustable quasidistributed capacitive loading is described, which is convenient for experimental investigation of such structures. Some experimental results for admittances are presented, showing excellent broadband properties of the antenna and a satisfactory agreement with theoretical values.
Multiaxis radial circuit for transferred-electron devices
- Author(s): Lester F. Eastman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 149 –151
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720109
- Type: Article
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149
–151
(3)
A class of multiaxis radial circuits for optimised performance of transferred-electron devices is presented. Nearly octave bandwidth c.w. amplification occurred with one configuration in preliminary tests. Extensive pulsed l.s.a. tests in the range 2–8 GHz have been made with another configuration, yielding the full efficiency expected from theory.
Simple circuit to double the output-voltage swing of an operational amplifier with increased slew rate
- Author(s): D. Del Corso and M. Giordana
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 151 –152
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720110
- Type: Article
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–152
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A method of doubling the output-voltage swing and to increasing the slew rate of an operational amplifier is described. Two practical circuits and experimental results are given.
Comment on ‘Can a pulse excitation smaller than kT be detected?’
- Author(s): E.A. Faulkner and M.J. Buckingham
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 152 –153
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720111
- Type: Article
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152
–153
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A recent author has proposed á system incorporating a delay line to detect pulses of energy less than kT. In this letter, it is pointed out that the detection of pulses of energy less than kT, by means of conventional active filters, is commonplace in the field of electronic engineering.
Simple sensitivity formulas in terms of immittance parameters
- Author(s): M.N.S. Swamy ; C. Bhushan ; K. Thulasiraman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 153 –155
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720112
- Type: Article
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153
–155
(3)
Simple formulas are derived for computing the sensitivities of a network function with respect to its network elements for a lumped/distributed active network. These formulas are in terms of immittance parameters of an augmented network. It is shown that these formulas may be used directly for the computation of higher-order sensitivities.
Second-order recursive digital-filter element for poles near the unit circle and the real z axis
- Author(s): N.G. Kingsbury
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 155 –156
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720113
- Type: Article
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p.
155
–156
(2)
An arrangement of a 2nd-order element for recursive digital filters is described which is particularly suitable when the desired poles are close to the unit circle and the real z axis in the z plane. Details are given for implementing the element using a single ‘multiply-and-add’ arithmetic unit.
Beryllium 100 ns acoustic delay line
- Author(s): Gérard Coussot and Eugène Dieulesaint
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 156 –157
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720114
- Type: Article
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p.
156
–157
(2)
A beryllium single crystal is used to fabricate an acoustic delay line. The sputtered ZnO transducers are deposited on the (0001) surfaces. A delay of 110 ns is obtained in the range 1000–2000 MHz with an insertion loss of about 50 dB and spurious responses below 70 dB.
Maximally flat nonrecursive digital filters
- Author(s): J.A. Miller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 157 –158
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720115
- Type: Article
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p.
157
–158
(2)
In a recent letter, coefficients for a maximally flat nonrecursive transfer function were obtained via a special solution to the Hermite interpolation formula. This letter, however, shows how these coefficients can also be obtained by a simple ‘classical’ method that sets derivatives of a rational function to zero.
F.M.-noise and bias-current fluctuations of a silicon Pd-n-p+ microwave oscillator
- Author(s): J. Helmcke ; H. Herbst ; M. Claassen ; W. Harth
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 158 –159
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720116
- Type: Article
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p.
158
–159
(2)
Fabrication of silicon Pd-n-p+ X band punchthrough transit-time diodes is described. A power output of 14 mW at 10.6 GHz has been obtained. Measurements of the f.m.-noise spectrum at maximum power output and the short-circuit-current noise are presented. At low modulating frequencies, the f.m. noise consists of unconverted current fluctuations. The f.m. single-sideband noise, 500 kHz off the carrier, is 21.5 dB.
Application of the method of potential functions to fault diagnosis
- Author(s): H. Sriyananda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 159 –160
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720117
- Type: Article
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p.
159
–160
(2)
A new technique for estimating parameter drift, based on the method of potential functions, is suggested. When one of the parameters has a very much larger drift than the others, thus constituting a fault, it has been found possible to isolate this parameter as the one with the largest estimated drift, even though the sensitivity functions associated with the parameters are not orthogonal.
Apparent-mobility measurements corrected for liquid-motion effects
- Author(s): R.J. Taylor and H. House
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 160 –161
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720118
- Type: Article
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p.
160
–161
(2)
An optical velocity-measurement probe has been incorporated into the normal mobility-measurement apparatus and the true value of negative-charge-carrier mobility in n hexane has been determined.
Effects of semiuniform losses in reactance 2-ports
- Author(s): G.C. Temes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 161 –163
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720119
- Type: Article
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p.
161
–163
(3)
Antimetric reactance 2-ports are shown to be affected by uniform and semiuniform losses in the same way. This permits the uniform predistortion of an antimetric filter or an allpass network containing semiuniformly lossy elements.
Rectangular backfire antenna with dielectric surface-wave structure
- Author(s): H.D. Hristov and D. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 163 –165
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720120
- Type: Article
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p.
163
–165
(3)
A rectangular backfire antenna with a dielectric surface-wave structure is studied experimentally and theoretically. It consists basically of two plane rectangular reflectors and a dielectric structure as a rectangular-waveguide prolongation. The antenna construction is compared with those of ordinary dielectric and horn antennas, which are more than twice the length of the backfire antenna. Simple expressions for the far-field radiation pattern are derived in terms of the near-field amplitude distribution.
Simple resonator method for measuring dispersion of microstrip
- Author(s): K. Mehmet ; M.K. McPhun ; D.F. Michie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 165 –166
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720121
- Type: Article
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p.
165
–166
(2)
The method uses the resonant frequencies of a simple straight microstrip resonator, short-circuited at both ends. It is excited by passing a current through one of the short circuits. Graphs of effective relative permittivity against frequency are given for resonators on alumina and quartz substrates, with an error of within only ±0.1%.
High-efficiency c.w. operation of ‘anomalous’ indium-phosphide microwave oscillators
- Author(s): P.M. White and G. Gibbons
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 6, p. 166 –168
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720122
- Type: Article
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p.
166
–168
(3)
Improved c.w. performance of InP transferred-electron oscillators is reported over a frequency range of 13–27 GHz, with a best efficiency of 10% at 22 GHz. The current/voltage characteristics of these devices exhibit an anomalous behaviour whose temperature dependence is similar to that produced by an injecting barrier at the cathode contact.
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