Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 8, Issue 22, 2 November 1972
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Volume 8, Issue 22
2 November 1972
Transmission loss of tetrachloroethylene-filled liquid-core-fibre light guide
- Author(s): G.J. Ogilvie ; R.J. Esdaile ; G.P. Kidd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 533 –534
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720388
- Type: Article
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The attenuation of a tetrachloroethylene-filled liquid-core light guide has been measured for wavelengths between 600 and 1600 nm. A number of peaks appear in the curve, and some of these are identified with the effects of residual water. Attenuation troughs appear at 1090, 1205 and 1280 nm where, in each case, the attenuation is less than 8 dB/km.
Corrugated spherical antenna
- Author(s): P.S. Neelakanta Swamy and D.K. Banerjee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 534 –536
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720389
- Type: Article
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The radiation characteristics of a corrugated metallic sphere with an azimuthal slot are studied. For the purpose of analysis, a dielectric coating equivalent to the corrugation on the surface is assumed. Expressions for the equivalent relative permittivity, input admittance, gain and radiated far field, based on the boundary-value approach, are presented. For a spherical antenna of k0a = 4.9087 with corrugation corresponding to an equivalent dielectric coating of relative permittivity 8.36, it is shown that the increase in gain over the uncorrugated antenna is 6.15 dB. The above antenna was fabricated and the experimental pattern obtained is compared with the theoretical result.
Improved formulation of Gummel's algorithm for solving the 2-dimensional current-flow equations in semiconductor devices
- Author(s): R. Andrew
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 536 –538
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720390
- Type: Article
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By a transformation of variables, the equations of Gummel's algorithm achieve a form which avoids the recurrent calculation of exponentials that usually characterises the method. The transformation results in tractable equations and a reduction in computational labour compared with previous methods.
CCITT error-protection method
- Author(s): D.A. Bell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, page: 538 –538
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720391
- Type: Article
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The Hamming upper bound is a well known limit for binary codes. Extensions to multilevel codes involve a distinction between whole-digit errors and nearest-value errors. The generalised Hamming bound is derived from consideration of cosets. Application to quaternary and decimal codes are discussed.
Experiment in frequency-shift-keying adjacent-channel interference
- Author(s): B.L. Wee ; S.K. Khoo ; T.T. Tjhung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 538 –540
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720392
- Type: Article
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The error performance of a frequency-shift-keying system is investigated experimentally in the presence of Gaussian noise and adjacent-channel interference. It has been found that, for a peak-to-peak frequency deviation of 0.7 times the bit rate and a receiver bandwidth of 1.0 times the bit rate, the frequency spacing between channels can be set to about 1.6 times the bit rate without causing an undue amount of performance degradation.
Josephson junctions as self-oscillating mixers at 34 GHz
- Author(s): V. Jenkins ; E.A. Parker ; L.T. Little
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 540 –541
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720393
- Type: Article
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Adjustable point-contact Josephson junctions have been used as self-oscillating mixers at 34 GHz, with an intermediate frequency of 300 MHz. The average conversion loss was about 18 dB, but mismatch losses and waveguide losses may amount to 10 dB at present.
Momentum of photons in dielectrics
- Author(s): J.A. Arnaud
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 541 –542
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720394
- Type: Article
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A confusion is sometimes made in the literature between the mass-carrying momentum of a photon, which is inversely proportional to the refractive index of the medium in which it propagates, and the momentum taken up by an absorber located in a fluid, which is directly proportional to the refractive index of the fluid. The distinction between these two momenta is clarified by considering an artificial dielectric.
Order of complexity of linear active networks and a common tree in the 2-graph method
- Author(s): Takao Ozawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 542 –543
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720395
- Type: Article
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An upper bound on the order of complexity of a linear active network is the sum of the numbers of tree capacitances and link inductances, defined by a common tree of the voltage and current graph that contains a maximum number of capacitances and a minimum number of inductances. It is valid as far as a common tree exists, and is the lowest possible upper bound if only the network topology is known.
Implementation of a moving-target indicator by bucket-brigade circuits
- Author(s): W.J. Butler ; C.M. Puckette ; M.B. Barron
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 543 –544
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720396
- Type: Article
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The application of charge-transfer structures to signal processing is currently generating considerable interest. In this letter, the implementation of a moving-target indicator by means of bucket-brigade delay lines is described, and some experimental results are presented.
Measurement of load standing-wave ratios through uncalibrated lossless 2-ports
- Author(s): A. Dorschner Terry
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 544 –545
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720397
- Type: Article
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The application of network invariants to the determination of the standing-wave ratio of unknown loads terminating uncalibrated but lossless 2-ports is discussed. Two simple measurement procedures are given. One requires a matched termination for the load port; the other that the load be phasable. No short circuits are necessary.
Cylindrical antenna in a rectangular waveguide driven from a coaxial line
- Author(s): A.G. Williamson and D.V. Otto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 545 –547
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720398
- Type: Article
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The problem of a cylindrical antenna in a rectangular waveguide driven from a coaxial line, where the antenna spans the entire guide height, is analysed, and the admittance evaluated. An experimental investigation shows the theory to be very accurate.
Generalisation of the bandpass-lowpass analogy and its application to a phase-shift-keying signal
- Author(s): Masamitsu Nakajima
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 547 –548
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720399
- Type: Article
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The conventional theory of the bandpass-lowpass analogy has been generalised to include a frequency-modulated signal. As an example, the explicit formulas are derived for the output wave of a phase-shift-keying signal when it passes through a single-tuned bandpass filter.
New method of resistance measurement
- Author(s): Anwar A. Khan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 548 –549
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720400
- Type: Article
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A new method of resistance measurement is reported. A transistor-resistor negative-resistance device has been used for resistance measurements in the range 103–107 Ω, with an accuracy within ± 1%. The performance of this new method is compared the with conventional 4-point voltmeter-ammeter method.
Colinear acousto-optic deflection in thin films
- Author(s): F.R. Gfeller and C.W. Pitt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 549 –551
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720401
- Type: Article
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We report the experimental demonstration of a colinear interaction between an optical film-guided wave and an acoustic surface wave producing a noncoplanar optical-beam output. With an interaction length of 4 mm and an acoustic-power input of 2.5 W at 86 MHz, 5% of the guided optical wave was scattered out of the film.
Nonlinear interaction of acoustic surface waves in epitaxial gallium arsenide
- Author(s): S. Ludvik and C.F. Quate
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 22, p. 551 –552
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720402
- Type: Article
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A technique is described for obtaining the nonlinear interaction between two surface waves propagating in a piezoelectric semiconductor. The coupling between the waves is associated with the transverse electric fields of the surface wave and the carriers in the semiconductor. The effective carrier concentration for the interaction has been altered by forming a surface-depletion region beneath a metal–semiconductor contact. This scheme has been used to produce the convolution of two oppositely travelling acoustic waves in epitaxial gallium arsenide, and it has been found that a strong nonlinearity can be obtained at small acoustic-power levels.
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