Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 7, Issue 8, 22 April 1971
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Volume 7, Issue 8
22 April 1971
Stability theorem for linear discrete systems
- Author(s): N.K. Bose
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 165 –166
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710109
- Type: Article
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A stability theorem is arrived at and is shown to lead to coefficient conditions that serve as useful inspection tests in the determination of the stability of linear discrete systems. Examples are included to support this statement.
Broadband phase switches for radio-frequency and microwave interferometry
- Author(s): E.A. Parker and P.S. Nicholson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 166 –167
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710110
- Type: Article
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Two wideband phase switches have been built for radio and microwave interferometry. In one, the directions of current flow in a balanced transmission line are reversed periodically. The line is coupled into the interferometer via broadband baluns. The second device switches between the E plane outputs of a magic T.
Calculation of intermodulation distortion levels in f.e.t. mixers and modulators
- Author(s): D.C. Surana and J.G. Gardiner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 167 –169
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710111
- Type: Article
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The intermodulation spectrum produced by a junction gate f.e.t. mixer or modulator may be predicted in ‘class-A’ operation by suitably combining recently reported analytical procedures. Extension to discontinuous operation under high-level drive has been found to give satisfactory accuracy.
Approximation of a sampled impulse-response function by a pulse transfer function
- Author(s): R.F. Brown ; I.L. Campbell ; D.H. Mee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 169 –170
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710112
- Type: Article
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The method of moments is used to fit a pulse transfer function of given order r to a given sampled impulse-response function. By this means, the model correctly predicts the system response to an arbitrary polynomial input of order 2r−1, and correctly predicts the required polynomial input to correct for additive polynomial drift at the output of order 2r−1.
Optimal control of multivariable linear systems incorporating integral feedback
- Author(s): B. Porter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 170 –172
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710113
- Type: Article
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Conventional state regulators which are optimal with respect to a quadratic performance functional are proportional controllers, and therefore do not, in general, perform satisfactorily in the presence of steady disturbances. In this paper, a procedure for designing optimal state regulators which incorporate integral action is presented, and the superior performance of such controllers in the presence of Steady disturbances is demonstrated. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such generalised optimal state regulators are also presented.
Comparison of restoring and nonrestoring cellular-array dividers
- Author(s): A.B. Gardiner and J. Hont
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 172 –173
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710114
- Type: Article
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Recent letters have described restoring and nonrestoring cellular-array dividers. It has been implied that nonrestoring division is the less complex and faster technique. Here, a comparison is made which shows that restoring division can use a simpler cell, is marginally faster than nonrestoring division and has the added advantage that the true remainder is available.
Practical technique for the successive overrelaxation method
- Author(s): H. Niki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 173 –174
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710115
- Type: Article
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An empirical method is proposed in order to estimate the successive overrelaxation parameter for the solution of Laplace's equation over an arbitrary region.
New high-precision digital tachometer
- Author(s): N.K. Sinha ; B. Szabados ; C.D. di cenzo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 174 –176
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710116
- Type: Article
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A new approach to the digital measurement of angular velocity is discussed. The straightforward hardware implementation resulting from the proposal results in very high precision and resolution in measurement. The measurements can be made in a very short time, and can be considered almost instantaneous, leading to up to 14 700 samples of speed per second.
Buffer length for Erlang arrivals and multiple synchronous regular removals
- Author(s): S.G. Tzafestas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 176 –178
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710117
- Type: Article
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The problem of choosing the buffer length for a maximum allowed fractional loss, in a situation where the feeding rate is Erlangian, and where the service is effected through multiple output lines with regular and synchronous removal rates, is studied. Design curves are provided which can be used as a guide for the practical buffer-length choice.
Mode coupling through wall losses in a waveguide
- Author(s): J. van bladel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 178 –180
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710118
- Type: Article
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The differential equations for the waveguide modes are utilised to investigate the coupling effects of a low wall impedance Zs, on the modes. Particular attention is given to the case of two degenerate modes.
Improved crosscoupled multivibrator controllable in frequency over a wide range
- Author(s): R.C. Bowes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 180 –182
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710119
- Type: Article
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An improved crosscoupled multivibrator is described which can be continuously varied in frequency over a wide range (considerably in excess of 100 to 1 with an upper frequency of 10 MHz). The circuit can operate from a 5 V supply line, and therefore it is ideal as a clock generator for logic elements because a common power supply can be used.
Heat-sink temperature distribution of the annular solid-state microwave diode
- Author(s): S.P. Yu and G.H. Glover
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 182 –183
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710120
- Type: Article
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It is shown that the heat-sink thermal conductance for an annular diode is more than twice that of a circular diode with equal area. Moreover, the annular diode radial temperature distribution at the diode/heat-sink interface is found to be considerably more uniform.
Polarisation characteristics of scattered fields
- Author(s): E.F. Knott and T.B.A. Senior
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 183 –184
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710121
- Type: Article
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–184
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Waves scattered by all obstacles are depolarised to some degree except in certain symmetrical situations. Expressions of some generality are derived that demonstrate this fact and, furthermore, it is shown that the method of physical optics predicts no depolarisation, even in the absence of symmetry.
Binary-coded modulo-seven negator
- Author(s): Z.L. Budrikis ; A. Cantoni ; R.R. Perry
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 184 –185
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710122
- Type: Article
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A circuit consisting of four NOR gates multiplies modulo-seven integers, represented by binary digits on three input lines, by six. In modulo-seven arithmetic, this is equivalent to negation, and the circuit is a negator. Negators, together with standard flip-flops and half adders, yield all primitive components needed for binary-coded modulo-seven linear sequential networks.
Solution of the matrix equation AX+XB = C
- Author(s): C.S. Lu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 185 –186
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710123
- Type: Article
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A new way of solving the matrix equation AX + XB = C is presented in the form (Vec X) = f(A, B).(Vec C). The solution makes use of the properties of the Kronecker products and is particularly suitable for finding X in terms of a fixed set of A and B and a varying C.
Array technique for electromagnetic positional determination of a buried receiving point
- Author(s): J.R. Wait
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 186 –187
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710124
- Type: Article
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p.
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We describe a scheme to locate personnel in a coal mine following a disaster. The method, while not yet tested, would require only that the trapped miner be equipped with a loop receiving device. Operating frequencies in the low audio range are called for.
Realisation from partial sequences
- Author(s): J. Hiller and D.K. Goodman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 188 –189
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710125
- Type: Article
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The method presented is, first, for the solution of the order determination and minimal realisation problems for constant-coefficient linear systems and, secondly, for the construction of extensions to given impulse-response sequences. The approach presented is thought to be considerably simpler than the previous methods described by Kalman and Ho.
Computer simulation of dependence of TRAPATT oscillations on minority saturation currents
- Author(s): R.L. Wierich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 189 –191
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710126
- Type: Article
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The effect of minority saturation currents on the large-signal oscillations of avalanche diodes is simulated. It is found that the frequency may vary more strongly than predicted by analytical TRAPATT theories. For large minority saturation currents, the trapped plasma vanishes and the mode of oscillation changes from TRAPATT to IMPATT.
Microstrip resonators having reduced radiation loss
- Author(s): R.J. Roberts and B. Easter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 191 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710127
- Type: Article
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191
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The radiation loss of several forms of microstrip resonator is considered with a view to determining a form which retains as far as possible the advantages of compactness and easy fabrication of the half-wave o.c. resonator, but having reduced radiation loss. A new form of resonator, of U shape or ‘hair-pin’ configuration, is proposed, and theoretical and experimental confirmation of its low radiation is described.
Observation of recombination radiation in planar Gunn-effect devices
- Author(s): D. Ullrich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 193 –194
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710128
- Type: Article
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Measurement of recombination radiation emitted from planar Gunn-effect devices having either plane parallel or concentric electrodes suggests that hole injection at the anode may be the most important mechanism for the thermal break down of these devices, as earlier proposed by Jeppsson and Marklund
Orthogonal properties of a set of 2-path filters
- Author(s): A.W. Keen and A.F. Comer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 194 –195
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710129
- Type: Article
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The known form of 2-path filter is shown to be one of a set of four structures which correspond to the sine and cosine of angular sum and difference formulas of elementary trigonometry. Two of these structures are shown to be components of the general orthogonal 2-port network and therefore useful for synthesis purposes.
Nucleation and control of departure of a high-field domain by a gate electrode
- Author(s): N. Hashizume ; M. Kawashima ; S. Kataoka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 195 –197
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710130
- Type: Article
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Experimental results are given which show that, in a m.i.s.f.e.t. type GaAs bulk device, a negative voltage applied to the gate electrode can nucleate a high-field domain under the gate electrode, but that its subsequent departure for the anode is allowed or inhibited depending on the device structure and operating conditions.
Steady-state values in single-input feedback systems
- Author(s): F. Fallside and H. Seraji
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 197 –198
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710131
- Type: Article
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A simple expression is given for the steady-state values of the control input, the states and the outputs of single-input feedback systems. The method allows a fast calculation of the steady-state values for a variety of feedbacks without repeated matrix inversion and is thus well suited to computer-aided control-system design.
Two network-frequency transformations for bandpass filters
- Author(s): P.R. Geffe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, page: 198 –198
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710132
- Type: Article
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The two unsymmetrical stopbands of a general parameter bandpass filter can be interchanged by a simple network transformation. Another simple network transformation scales the bandwidth of a narrowband filter while preserving all its shape factors. Both transformations preserve the minimum-inductance property.
Effect of excitation on radiation resistance of a satellite square-loop aerial in a warm plasma
- Author(s): R.K. Gupta and I.L. Freeston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, p. 199 –200
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710133
- Type: Article
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Theoretically calculated values of the radiation resistance of corner-driven and Alford square-loop aerials immersed in a warm plasma are compared with measured values of the resistance of a square-loop aerial on the Ariel 3 satellite. It is concluded that the Alford aerial is more efficient in a plasma environment.
Erratum: Narrow-beam antennas using an artificial dielectric medium with permittivity less than unity
- Author(s): K.C. Gupta
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, page: 200 –200
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710134
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Digital filtering using logarithmic arithmetic
- Author(s): N.G. Kingsbury and P.J.W. Rayner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 8, page: 200 –200
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710135
- Type: Article
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