Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 7, Issue 4, 25 February 1971
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Volume 7, Issue 4
25 February 1971
Effect of oxide-layer thickness on the speed of m.n.o.s. transistors
- Author(s): R.E. Oakley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 89 –90
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710061
- Type: Article
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p.
89
–90
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The electrical characteristics of m.n.o.s. transistors are described. Conditions are proposed for the measurement of the speed, or rate of change of threshold voltage, so that different types may be compared Results are presented to show that the speed increases exponentially as the thickness of the oxide layer is reduced in the range 10–25 Å.
New high-power magnetically tunable microwave filter
- Author(s): A.C. Baynham and M.R.B. Dunsmore
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 90 –92
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710062
- Type: Article
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p.
90
–92
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The magnetic-field-dependent dispersion and low loss exhibited by spin waves propagating through ferrimagnetic materials, in the electromagnetic region of their spectrum, permit the construction of tunable microwave interference filters bearing a close analogy to the optical Fabry-Perot étalon. Since this approach avoids a strong coupling of energy into the electron-spin dipoles at their uniform-precession resonance frequency, the power levels required to produce nonlinearities in the filter response are in excess of 1 kW.
Varactor-tuned X band Gunn oscillator using lumped thin-film circuits
- Author(s): C.S. Aitchison and B.H. Newton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 93 –94
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710063
- Type: Article
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93
–94
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The operation of a varactor-tuned oscillator using an unen-capsulated Gunn and varactor diode is described, where the associated circuit consists of lumped elements fabricated using thin-film techniques. Depending on the GaAs material, the oscillator provides output powers greater than 10 mW and a tunable 3 dB bandwidth in excess of 1 GHz. At zero varactor bias, the frequency can be set in the 7–12 GHz range. Satisfactory correlation with the theory is demonstrated.
Numerical-integration procedures in transistor-analysis computer programs
- Author(s): F. Berz and E. Pyrah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 94 –97
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710064
- Type: Article
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–97
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A new computational treatment of integrals of the form ∫ g(x) expf (x) dx is described. This involves approximating to f(x) between mesh points by a line whose slope is the average of that of the tangent at the higher point and that of the chord joining the two points. The resulting errors are compared with those given by the trapezium rule, and the new method is shown to be greatly superior for most practical applications.
Filtering applications in static distance comparators
- Author(s): G.K. Laycock and P.G. Mclaren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 97 –98
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710065
- Type: Article
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97
–98
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In the past, distance comparators have depended on their method of comparison to achieve some degree of filtering. The best comparators designed on this basis may not meet future system requirements, the letter gives an example of the application of digital techniques to achieve a much more versatile device.
Identification of a group of internal signals of zero-memory nonlinear systems
- Author(s): E. Economakos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 99 –100
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710066
- Type: Article
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99
–100
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The output of a zero-memory nonlinear system can often be considered as the algebraic sum of internal signals corresponding to the actions of separate components of the non-linearity described by a power series. A numerical procedure for determining these signals from recorded outputs is suggested, and their significance to the system identification is indicated.
Far-field sector scanning using a sampled multielement ultrasonic receiving array
- Author(s): S.O. Harrold and R.C. West
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 100 –101
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710067
- Type: Article
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–101
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A. technique which enables target bearing and range information to be obtained by sequential sampling of a multielement linear ultrasonic array is described. A resultant output frequency is extracted which is shown to be a function of the target angle, and results are given which confirm theoretical expectations.
Calculation of steady-state response of linear system to periodic sampled signal
- Author(s): H.M. Power
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 101 –102
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710068
- Type: Article
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p.
101
–102
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A Z transform theorem is derived which yields the steady-state component of the response of a linear time-invariant system to a periodic signal sampled at a rate which is a multiple of the signal frequency. Wider applications of the theorem are discussed.
Digital simulation of nonlinear dynamic systems using standard FORTRAN
- Author(s): D.E. Hirst
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 102 –105
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710069
- Type: Article
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102
–105
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The capability to obtain either transient or equilibrium solutions for systems of mixed algebraic and differential equations, the latter independently of the stability of the system, is a useful tool for investigation of lumped thermo-dynamic models having unstable regimes of operation. A general-purpose simulation program giving these facilities is described. The program is written in standard Fortran to permit easy implementation on any computer. Its application is illustrated by reference to simulation of gas-turbine engines.
Approximate eigenvalues for a circular rod of arbitrary relative permittivity
- Author(s): A.W. Snyder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 105 –106
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710070
- Type: Article
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105
–106
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A simple and useful approximate expression for the eigenvalues of a circular dielectric or glass waveguide of arbitrary relative permittivity are found. Although the approximation is derived for conditions far from cutoff, it is accurate except close to cutoff.
Noise reduction in bulk negative-resistance amplifiers
- Author(s): H.W. Thim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 106 –108
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710071
- Type: Article
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106
–108
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The letter presents noise calculations for Gunn amplifiers with both uniform and nonuniform field distributions. The results indicate that amplifiers with an injection-limited cathode contact, and hence a uniform field distribution, exhibit significantly lower noise figures than those having an ohmic cathode contact, which yields a nonuniform field distribution. A further reduction of noise could be obtained by using materials with high negative mobility.
Frequency of combination tones
- Author(s): F.W. Fairman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 108 –109
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710072
- Type: Article
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108
–109
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Using a novel approach, an equation is developed for the frequency of certain intermodulation signals which result from the interaction of a balanced a.m. signal with symmetrical saturation.
Dependence of linewidth in hexagonal planar ferrites on angle between magnetostatic field and easy plane
- Author(s): S.J. Al-bader and J. Mcstay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 109 –111
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710073
- Type: Article
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–111
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Theoretical expressions for the linewidth of a single-crystal hexagonal planar sphere are compared with experimental results with the magnetostatic field taken at an arbitrary direction to the easy plane. It is shown that the overall line-width broadening favours the Bloch-Bloembergen form of damping, in comparison with the Landau-Lifshitz form. As the large anisotropy field is represented in a form identical to a shape-demagnetising field, the results indicate the dependence of the linewidth on the shape of the sample.
Noise-factor dependence on mismatch of low-level r.f. signal
- Author(s): Y. Anand
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 111 –112
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710074
- Type: Article
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111
–112
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The r.f. impedance (v.s.w.r.) and conversion loss of X band Schottky-barrier diodes were calculated from d.c. analysis. For a broadband case, it is found that diodes having a v.s.w.r. of 1.3–1.5 show a minimum conversion loss of 3.2 dB. These results are consistent with the experimental investigation, and show that matching a diode to the local-oscillator v.s.w.r. does not guarantee a correspondingly low conversion loss and low noise factor at the signal frequency. A matching to the low-level r.f. signal is required to obtain overall minimum conversion loss and noise figure.
Method for the efficient computation of the large-change sensitivity of linear nonreciprocal networks
- Author(s): P.J. Goddard ; P.A. Villalaz ; R. Spence
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 112 –113
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710075
- Type: Article
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p.
112
–113
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A single inversion of the admittance matrix of a network is shown to be the principal computational effort required to determine the effect of large changes in the parameters of the network on its response.
Pulse response of 0°Z cut ADP modulators
- Author(s): K. Rashidi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 4, p. 114 –115
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710076
- Type: Article
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–115
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Experimental results are presented on the variation of a delay time which is observed between the application of a voltage pulse and the onset of mechanical vibrations in 0° Z cut ADP modulators.
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