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Online ISSN 1350-911X Print ISSN 0013-5194

Electronics Letters

Volume 7, Issue 16, 12 August 1971

Volumes & issues:

Volume 7, Issue 16

12 August 1971

F.m. noise of low-level-operating IMPATT-diode oscillators
Near-field radiation characteristics of corrugated horns
Constraint removal for Huelsman's equal-valued-capacitor active RC circuit
Transit-time oscillator with velocity-limited injection
  • Author(s): G.T. Wright
  • Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 449 –451
  • DOI:  10.1049/el:19710305
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 449 –451 (3)
    The basic theory of a space-charge transit-time oscillator is outlined in which phase lag of current is caused by using low-velocity injection. Large negative resistances are anticipated at microwave frequencies, giving generation of moderate power levels with low-noise operation. Approximate design calculations for a representative idealised structure 100 μm square, based on silicon and operating at a frequency of 10 GHz, suggest a negative resistance of −50 Ω and a negative Q factor of -π/2, with a maximum output power of about 1 W and an efficiency of about 7%.
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Transistor S parameter measurement: 2-port to 3-port transforms
  • Author(s): D. Woods
  • Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 451 –452
  • DOI:  10.1049/el:19710306
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 451 –452 (2)
    In 2-port s parameter measurements on active devices, residual common-electrode impedance can cause serious errors, particularly in the common-emitter configuration. Transforms have already been given for the elimination of this impedance prior to transformation to the corresponding 3-port parameters for checking the sum-to-unity property. It is shown that, by combining the two sets of transforms, it is possible to convert directly from the measured 2-port parameters, including the effect of common-electrode impedance, to 3-port parameters. The necessary circuit conditions that must be satisfied in the use of the transforms are re-emphasised.
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Nonlinear-capacitor simulation
The mixed double: a new balanced input stage
Synthesis of broadband microwave transistor amplifiers
New approach to the approximation of RC-active-filter transmission functions with low Q factor
Shift-invariant transformation for pattern recognition
Novel acoustic-surface-wave directional coupler with diverse applications
  • Author(s): F.G. Marshall  and  E.G.S. Paige
  • Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 460 –462
  • DOI:  10.1049/el:19710312
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 460 –462 (3)
    An acoustic-surface-wave directional coupler is proposed that may be used on materials having a large electromechanical coupling constant to couple two acoustic beams which are many wavelengths wide. The normal modes of the coupler are identified and used with an equivalent-circuit representation of the device to predict the length of the structure needed for complete energy transfer. The theory indicates that the device can have an intrinsic bandwidth near to 100%.
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Observed properties of an acoustic-surface-wave multistrip coupler
  • Author(s): F.G. Marshall  and  E.G.S. Paige
  • Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 463 –464
  • DOI:  10.1049/el:19710313
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 463 –464 (2)
    The properties of an acoustic-surface-wave multistrip coupler constructed on YZ LiNbO3 are reported. The device was made by standard photolithographic techniques and consisted of 100 separate aluminium strips at a repeat distance of 16 μm. Over a bandwidth of at least 30% centred at 86 MHz, the coupling factor was less than 1 dB with a directivity of approximately 30 dB. Some applications of the coupler are discussed; in particular, it is shown that the device may be used as a filter to discriminate between bulk and surface acoustic waves.
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Dynamic performance of a tunnel-diode monostable trigger with nonlinear load
Improved commutating channel separator for millimetric-waveguide systems
Experimental evidence of bistable switching in a Gunn epitaxial coplanar diode by anode-surface loading
Lateral capacitive probing of an anode-loaded epitaxial coplanar gallium-arsenide diode
High-power high-efficiency c.w. Gunn oscillators in X band
  • Author(s): D.V. Eddolls ; F.S. Ward ; A.J. Whitehead
  • Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 472 –473
  • DOI:  10.1049/el:19710318
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 472 –473 (2)
    Gunn oscillators on diamond heat sinks have produced up to 780 mW c.w. with 5.1% efficiency at 9.9 GHz. The devices were operated in full-height waveguide cavities. Similar devices on copper have produced up to 700 mW with 4.1% efficiency and typical powers of 600 mW with efficiencies of 3.9%. The effect of varying the 2nd-harmonic loading on devices mounted in fully-reduced-height waveguide has also been investigated, but no enhancement in output power at the fundamental frequency was observed.
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Four-step digital p–i–n diode phase shifter in waveguide at C band using two diodes
  • Author(s): R. Genner
  • Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 474 –475
  • DOI:  10.1049/el:19710319
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 474 –475 (2)
    The purpose of the work was to design a 2 bit reflection-type phase shifter which could be manufactured by a cheap mass-production technique and which utilised two, rather than the usual three, p–i–n diodes. Since these diodes comprise a relatively large fraction of the total cost of the phase shifter, the saving of one diode allows a useful reduction in cost. The phase shifter, which is in reduced-height waveguide and covers the 5275–5475 MHz band, allows the phase of a signal reflected from it to be changed by 90°, 180° and 270°. The letter describes the design and performance of the phase shifter. The phased-array configuration for which it would be appropriate is a large reflect array with, say, 2000 elements.
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Reciprocal Darlington section suitable for an integrated circuit
  • Author(s): M.S. Piekarski
  • Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 475 –477
  • DOI:  10.1049/el:19710320
  • Type: Article
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  • p. 475 –477 (3)
    A reciprocal gyrator-capacitor section is proposed with reference to integrated realisations. The section, containing four grounded gyrators and four capacitors, realises any complex 2nd-order even-part zero of a driving-point admittance and reduces the degree of the admittance function by four. The element values of the section are given in the terms of the extracted transmission zero and the value of the admittance function at the extracted zero.
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Computer analysis for the various-order sensitivity coefficients in frequency domain
Method for the computation of higher-order sensitivity coefficients for a linear network: frequency-domain case
Erratum: Ion oscillations in a cold positive-ion electron-beam thermal electron plasma
Erratum: Parallel-processing computer for pattern recognition
Erratum: Irregular fields, nonconvex shapes and the point-matching method for hollow waveguides

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