Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 7, Issue 13, 1 July 1971
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Volume 7, Issue 13
1 July 1971
Evaluation of transient response using state variables
- Author(s): W.E. Thomson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 357 –358
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710242
- Type: Article
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p.
357
–358
(2)
A certain equivalent state-variable representation of a system defined by a rational transfer function, and stimulated by an impulse function, leads to equations in which not only the impulse response but also the step response and, if need be, the ramp response, are simply derived from the state variables.
Ion oscillations in a cold positive-ion electron-beam thermal electron plasma
- Author(s): K.G. Emeleus and T.S. Pak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 358 –359
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710243
- Type: Article
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p.
358
–359
(2)
The effective electron temperature Te′ for ion oscillations in a uniform plasma traversed by an electron beam is Te(1+a)/(1−a/2β) where Te is the plasma-electron temperature, and α and β are the ratios of electron-beam and plasma-electron-number densities and energies, respectively; the speed α′ of ion sound waves is (kTe′/m+)½. The drift speed of ions at the corresponding sheath–plasma boundaries is also approximately a′.
Relationship between spinwave linewidth ΔHk and the effective linewidth ΔHeff in ferrites
- Author(s): C. Borghse and R. Roveda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 359 –360
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710244
- Type: Article
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p.
359
–360
(2)
The spinwave linewidth ΔHk and effective linewidth ΔHeff were measured on y.i.g., Ni ferrites and Mg, Mn ferrites, fine-grained and strong-relaxer-doped. It is seen that ΔHkalways increases with ΔHeff
Separation technique for repetitive analysis of electrical networks
- Author(s): T. Downs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, page: 361 –361
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710245
- Type: Article
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p.
361
(1)
A matrix technique for the repetitive analysis of electrical networks by interconnecting variable network elements with an intermediate fixed solution for the remainder of the network is described.
Cellular array for extracting square roots (floating-point number)
- Author(s): L. Frécon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 361 –362
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710246
- Type: Article
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p.
361
–362
(2)
A cellular array is proposed for extracting square roots in a floating-point system. It needs two types of cell, or a more general one previously defined.
Topological restrictions on sources for solvability of lumped networks
- Author(s): P.M. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 363 –364
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710247
- Type: Article
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p.
363
–364
(2)
Known topological constraints on sources in linear networks for unique solvability are examined when nonlinear elements are included. It is shown that the first half of Purslow's theorem l is no longer true, whereas the second half can be established very simply with basic network concepts.
Dispersion characteristics of slot lines
- Author(s): T. Itoh and R. Mittra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 364 –365
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710248
- Type: Article
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p.
364
–365
(2)
A new numerical method is developed for the analysis of dispersion characteristics of slot lines. Galerkin's method is applied in the Fourier-transform domain to derive a determinantal equation for the propagation constants. It is shown that accurate numerical results can be obtained with even a 2 × 2 matrix.
Optimal selection of controller parameters using second method of Lyapunov
- Author(s): M. Arumugam and M. Ramamoorty
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 365 –367
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710249
- Type: Article
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p.
365
–367
(3)
The second method of Lyapunov is used for the determination of optimal gains for the voltage regulator and speed governor so as to have minimum settling time for any disturbance. The performance of the system with the optimal parameters is then obtained.
Partial-fraction expansion of the transfer-function matrix
- Author(s): N. Munro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 367 –369
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710250
- Type: Article
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p.
367
–369
(3)
A uniform approach to the partial-fraction expansion of both transfer-function matrices and resolvent matrices is presented. All the coefficient matrices of the generalised Heaviside expansion are obtained simultaneously. The technique presented is computationally attractive.
Comment on ‘Practical technique for the successive-overrelaxation method’
- Author(s): D.E. Radley ; D. Dirmikis ; A.B. Birtles
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, page: 369 –369
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710251
- Type: Article
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p.
369
(1)
A method proposed by Niki is shown to fail when attempts are made to use it on a region with rectangular Dirichlet boundaries and Neumann conditions applied to two of the boundaries and when very large problems are involved. It is concluded that this method is to be used with caution and that Carré's method is usually preferable.
Authors' reply to ‘Comment on Practical technique for the successive-overrelaxation method’
- Author(s): H. Niki and Y. Akutu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, page: 369 –369
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710252
- Type: Article
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p.
369
(1)
Simplified variance calculation for parameter estimates in the presence of coloured noise
- Author(s): R.D. Bell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 369 –371
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710253
- Type: Article
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p.
369
–371
(3)
The measurements used in many parameter-estimation problems are corrupted by coloured noise. When the noise covariance is unknown, which is often the case, it is desirable to select an equivalent white noise which will give meaningful variances for the parameters estimated. This paper derives an expression for this equivalent white noise and gives the results of applying the method to a parameter-estimation problem.
Sensitivity performance of threshold-logic gates using Chow parameters
- Author(s): S.L. Hurst
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 371 –373
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710254
- Type: Article
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p.
371
–373
(3)
Existing analyses of the sensitivity of threshold-logic gates to input voltage and component tolerances are, in general, complex. It is here shown that the sensitivity performance of practical gate realisations may be related very simply to the Chow parameters of the gate.
Low-frequency current oscillations observed with high-resistivity nonohmic GaAs devices
- Author(s): R. Kaman ; R. Grant ; S.V. Jaskolski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 373 –374
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710255
- Type: Article
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p.
373
–374
(2)
Low-frequency small-amplitude current oscillations have been observed with devices constructed of high-resistivity n type bulk GaAs. The oscillations occurred simultaneously with current saturation with low threshold fields (200–1000 V/cm). The contact junctions made to the oscillating devices appear to be decidedly nonohmic, contrary to what other researchers observing the same type of oscillations have reported for their devices.
Mutual interference between linear crosspolarised radio channels at 11 GHz
- Author(s): P.A. Watson ; F. Goodall ; S. Ghobrial
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 374 –375
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710256
- Type: Article
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p.
374
–375
(2)
Preliminary findings are presented from a study to determine the mutual interference between linear crosspolarised radio channels at 11 GHz over an 8½-mile path. In particular, severe crosspolarising effects were encountered when antenna primary-feed apertures were artificially wetted or allowed to become wet during rain and snow. Significantly improved values of isolation between channels have been measured under heavy rainfall with the antennas protected from rain.
Investigation of the effects of precipitation on parabolic antennas employing linear orthogonal polarisation at 11 GHz
- Author(s): B.G. Evans ; A.J. Fryatt ; J. Read ; P.T. Thompson ; D.J.W. Turner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 375 –377
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710257
- Type: Article
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p.
375
–377
(3)
The results of an investigation on the effects of precipitation on the crosspolarisation discrimination attainable from parabolic antennas for orthogonal linearly polarised radio signals at 11 GHz are given. In particular, results of artificial wetting experiments on the dish and feed apertures are presented, together with a summary of the results from natural precipitation (including snow) on an antenna when used on a short test link.
Sequential generation of binary orthogonal functions
- Author(s): T.S. Durrani and J.M. Nightingale
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 377 –380
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710258
- Type: Article
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p.
377
–380
(4)
A new method is presented for the generation of three families of discrete Walsh functions. Each function is generated without reference to any other sequency representation. Sequencies up to 10 × 106 zero crossings per second are possible with currently available t.t.l. devices.
Self-phasing aerial array for f.m. communication links
- Author(s): J.D. Parsons and P.A. Ratliff
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 380 –381
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710259
- Type: Article
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p.
380
–381
(2)
A self-phasing aerial array using an amplitude-perturbing technique is described, and a method of obtaining the necessary control information is given. The system is intended for use in f.m. mobile radio links, and has the advantage of using an almost completely standard f.m. receiver.
Frequency locking an HCN laser to a molecular absorption line
- Author(s): C.C. Bradley ; D.J.E. Knight ; C.R. McGee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 381 –382
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710260
- Type: Article
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p.
381
–382
(2)
An HCN laser oscillating at 890 GHz has been frequency locked to an absorption line in difluoroethylene with a stability of the order of 2 parts in 108. The absolute frequency of the absorption line was measured and found to be 890 759.60 ± 0.08 MHz.
Phase-locking millimetre-wave klystrons for the measurement of submillimetre laser frequencies
- Author(s): D.J.E. Knight
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 13, p. 383 –384
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710261
- Type: Article
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p.
383
–384
(2)
A single-loop method of phase locking up to 100 GHz is described. Spectral broadening observed in harmonic mixing with an HCN laser at 891 GHz (with resolution 1 in 108) is attributed to phase noise and modulation on the base-reference quartz-crystal oscillator. Zero beats at 99 GHz between klystrons phase-locked to a common reference give frequency resolution of the order of 1 in 1013.
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