Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 6, Issue 2, 22 January 1970
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Volume 6, Issue 2
22 January 1970
Optical and electronic mixing in an avalanche photodiode
- Author(s): Q.V. Davis and W.K. Kulczyk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 25 –26
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700015
- Type: Article
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Application of a local oscillator to an avalanche photodiode enables it to be used as an electronic mixer when demodulating optical signals varying in amplitude. In an optical heterodyne receiver the diode performs both optical and electronic mixing. Experiments are described which show that very low conversion losses are possible. The method has significant advantages over more conventional techniques.
Observability of decoupled time-varying multivariable systems
- Author(s): E. Freund
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 26 –28
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700016
- Type: Article
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The decoupling of a time-varying multivariable system by state-variable feedback does not guarantee the observability of the decoupled system. In the letter, a necessary and sufficient condition is derived for the observability of these systems in the time-variable case.
Graphical analysis of nonlinear sampled-data control-system dynamic behaviour
- Author(s): C. Melin ; J.M. Toulotte ; F. Laurent
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 28 –29
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700017
- Type: Article
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Based on previous work, the letter develops a graphical method for analysing the dynamic behaviour of nonlinear sampled-data control systems described by finite-difference equations.
Synthesis of inductors and gyrators with voltage-controlled voltage sources
- Author(s): K. Radhakrishna Rao and S. Venkateswaran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 29 –30
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700018
- Type: Article
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Inductors are synthetised using voltage-controlled voltage sources and RC elements. Wherever possible, unity-gain amplifiers are used. Practical circuits are presented. Some of these also realise gyrators.
Visualisation of surface acoustic waves
- Author(s): T.M. Reeder ; E.M. Westbrook ; D.K. Winslow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 30 –32
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700019
- Type: Article
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A simple method for acoustic-surface-wave visualisation is described which is applicable to both piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric surfaces. Briefly, a uniform layer of small particles, comparable to the wavelength, is distributed over the acoustic surface. The acoustic-beam pattern of an incident surface wave is then traced out by scattering the particles out of the propagation path. Experiments at 100 MHz on lithium-niobate surfaces are described.
Hybrid modes in corrugated conical horns
- Author(s): M.S. Narasimhan and B.V. Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 32 –34
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700020
- Type: Article
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A simpler solution for spherical hybrid modes in corrugated conical horns has been shown to have a deviation from the rigorous solution of less than 0.7 dB for the case considered by Clarricoats. Expressions for the radiation pattern and gain of such a horn with small flare angle have been obtained under balanced hybrid conditions.
Transferred-electron negative-resistance amplifier
- Author(s): N. Hashizume and S. Kataoka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 34 –35
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700021
- Type: Article
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It has experimentally been shown that the travelling domain oscillations in an n type GaAs bulk element can be suppressed by applying externally a large microwave-signal electric field. A computer calculation indicates a possibility of amplifying the signal when the element mounted in a stripline is subject to such a relatively large microwave signal.
Analysis and synthesis of cascaded noncommensurable transmission lines, shunted by lumped capacitances
- Author(s): A. Premoli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 36 –37
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700022
- Type: Article
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Cascaded noncommensurable line elements, shunted by lumped capacitances, are considered, and necessary and sufficient conditions for the synthesis are derived from the study of the impedance function in a special set of points without using the multivariable-real-positive-function concept. An exhaustive example is given.
Analysis and synthesis of cascaded noncommensurable Ozaki-Ishii sections
- Author(s): A. Premoli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 37 –39
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700023
- Type: Article
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–39
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Cascaded noncommensurable Ozaki-Ishii sections are considered, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the synthesis are derived from the study of the impedance function in a special set of points without using the multivariable-real-positive-function concept. An exhaustive example is given.
Note on the Hermite-Fujiwara theorem
- Author(s): H.M. Power
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 39 –40
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700024
- Type: Article
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It is shown that the elements of a symmetric matrix involved in the Hermite-Fujiwara method of testing whether or not a polynomial has all its roots within the unit circle may be calculated by a simple recursive scheme. A link with the tabular test of Jury and Blanchard is established.
Microstrip loss calculations
- Author(s): A. Gopinath ; R. Horton ; B. Easter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 40 –41
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700025
- Type: Article
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Loss calculations have been performed for microstrip lines by relating the longitudinal component of current to the charge distributions obtained without the substrate. Comparison with experiment shows good agreement.
Measurement of d.c. negative resistance in avalanche diodes and its relation to anomalous-mode operation
- Author(s): M. O'Callaghan ; H.A. Deadman ; K.G. Hambleton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 41 –42
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700026
- Type: Article
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Measurements of the current/voltage characteristics of semiconductor diodes beyond avalanche breakdown in which heating effects have been eliminated show that d.c. negative resistance is observed in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations. Measurements of anomalous-mode oscillations on the same diodes show that, although d.c. negative resistance is often present at the current densities needed for anomalous-mode operation, it is not a necessary condition for high-efficiency oscillation.
Spectral analysis of linear digital systems using BIFORE
- Author(s): N. Ahmed and K.R. Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 43 –44
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700027
- Type: Article
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A spectral analysis of linear digital systems using BIFORE is carried out. Expressions for power and amplitude spectra of the input and output signals are developed. The frequency-sequency structure of the power spectra, which are invariant to cyclic shift of the sampled data, is analysed.
Drift reduction in wideband d.c. amplifiers by ‘adding the lacking part’
- Author(s): W.C. van Etten and J.H. van den Boorn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, page: 45 –45
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700028
- Type: Article
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A method for drift reduction in d.c. amplifiers is described. This reduction is obtained using the principle of ‘adding the lacking part’. The d.c. stabilisation device is a chopper amplifier. The circuit is such that the chopper amplifier does not affect the frequency response of the wideband amplifier.
Thermal noise in double-injection space-charge-limited solid-state diodes
- Author(s): A. van der Ziel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 45 –46
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700029
- Type: Article
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It is shown that at frequencies ω≫1/τ, where τ is the lifetime of the carriers, the noise in double-injection space-charge- limited solid-state diodes corresponds approximately to thermal noise of the h.f. conductance g=Iα/ Vα.
Frequency-shift-keyed pulse retiming with Gunn oscillator
- Author(s): P. Bestwick ; H.L. Hartnagel ; R. Huntington
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 46 –47
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700030
- Type: Article
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Step-recovery diodes are used in order to produce retiming signals for a Gunn-effect f.s.k. pulse regenerator, suitable for microwave pulse communication systems at very fast bit rates.
Influence of surface metallisation on magnetoelastic surface wave
- Author(s): J.P. Parekh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 47 –48
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700031
- Type: Article
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The surface-wave coupling which obtains between an elastic bulk shear wave and two magnetostatic modes (one of which is a bulk wave and the other a surface wave) is discussed in the context of a metallised semi-infinite ferrite geometry.
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