Electronics Letters
Volume 52, Issue 18, 02 September 2016
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Volume 52, Issue 18
02 September 2016
- Features
- Antennas and propagation
- Bioinspired technology
- Biomedical technology
- Circuits and systems
- Image and vision processing and display technology
- Information and communications
- Microwave technology
- Optical communication
- Photonics
- Power electronics, energy conversion and sustainability
- Radar, sonar and navigation
- Semiconductor technology
- Wireless communications
- Erratum
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, page: 1508 –1508
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2881
- Type: Article
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, page: 1508 –1508
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2883
- Type: Article
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, page: 1509 –1509
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2880
- Type: Article
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in brief
interview
noise limiting
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- Author(s): M. Beccaria ; P. Pirinoli ; G. Dassano ; M. Orefice
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1511 –1512
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2128
- Type: Article
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The design, the numerical analysis and the experimental characterisation of a convex conformal reflectarray (CRA) has been carried out, with the aim of investigating the feasibility of reflectarrays bent on convex curved surfaces. A medium-size offset CRA in Ka-band has been designed, and a demonstrator has been manufactured and measured. The results prove the correctness of the design procedure and the feasibility of this type of antenna, pointing out the differences, also in terms of radiation performances, with respect to a planar reflectarray.
- Author(s): S.H. Esmaeli and S.H. Sedighy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1513 –1514
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2430
- Type: Article
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A new waveguide slot array antenna with two artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) side walls is proposed. The AMC layers reflect the wave with different phase delays through the waveguide side walls which compensate the requirement of slots offset and improve the antenna gain and sidelobe level (SLL). A five slots array antenna with AMC layers is designed and measured which shows 9 dB SLL reduction and 1.5 dB gain enhancement with compact size compared with the conventional Elliot one. These results clarify the ability and capability of the proposed design approach.
Design and experimental validation of convex conformal reflectarray antennas
SLL reduction of slot array antenna by artificial magnetic conductor side walls
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- Author(s): J.S. An ; C.M. Choi ; Y. Shindo ; Y. Sutou ; H.S. Jeong ; Y.H. Song
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1514 –1516
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2211
- Type: Article
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The gradual erasing operation from reset state to set state adjusting pulse amplitude, duration time and falling time respectively in phase change device using Ge1Cu2Te3 is investigated. For this procedure, a relatively high voltage and increased falling time, which was able to produce both long-term potential and long-term depression in the time interval between pre-spike and post-spike is choosing. The results suggested that the presence of synaptic behaviour was due to controlled falling time rather than pulse amplitude.
Investigation of an erasing method for synaptic behaviour in a phase change device using Ge1Cu2Te3 (GCT)
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- Author(s): B. Kang ; C. Chung ; J. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1516 –1518
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2100
- Type: Article
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A new energy-efficient beacon listening scheme with a medium access control protocol is proposed for periodic vital signal monitoring in a wireless body area network system. The conventional system receives every beacon frame to adjust the protocol context; however, the proposed scheme receives only the necessary beacon frames. As a result, power consumption decreases by reducing idle listening times. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme reduces power consumption of the beacon mode to almost that of the non-beacon mode. Compared with the normal beacon mode, it reduces the power consumption by 25% when the traffic model is assumed to be electrocardiogram (ECG). This is suitable for devices monitoring periodic data such as an ECG application.
Energy-efficient beacon listening scheme for periodic vital signal monitoring
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- Author(s): N. Gupta ; A. Lahiri ; A. Kumar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1518 –1520
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.0819
- Type: Article
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A multi-protocol PLL suitable for different wireline standards namely HDMI1.4, USB2.0, DDR4, DisplayPort1.2 and for host clock generation for low-power system-on-chips is presented. The PLL employs automatic VCO gain and charge-pump current calibration circuits to provide a near constant PLL bandwidth which enables a robust jitter performance across process, voltage, temperature. Without increasing the loop-filter capacitor, dual-path loop-filter technique is employed to reduce output jitter due to thermal noise of loop-filter resistor. The PLL designed in 28 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) process has an output frequency range from 0.1 to 6.4 GHz, total rms integrated jitter of 14 ps at 21.25 MHz reference frequency, consumes 800 µW at 3.4 GHz VCO frequency and occupies an area of 0.012 mm2.
- Author(s): Peng Liu ; Zhiqiang You ; Jishun Kuang ; Zhipeng Hu ; Heng Duan ; Weizheng Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1520 –1522
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1693
- Type: Article
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As an attractive option of future non-volatile memories, resistive RAM (RRAM) has attracted more attentions. Among RRAM architectures, one transistor one memristor (1T1R) cross-bar is the most fledged one. A March C*-1T1R algorithm is proposed for 1T1R cross-bar. The pass–fail fault dictionary of the proposed March test algorithm is analysed. Analytical results show that the proposed test algorithm can detect all the modelled faults caused by the parametric variation of memristors, transistors and their interconnecting wires with a little test time overhead compared with previous methods.
0.012 mm2 800 µW 0.1–6.4 GHz multi-protocol PLL with 14 psrms integrated jitter in 28 nm FD-SOI
Efficient March test algorithm for 1T1R cross-bar with complete fault coverage
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- Author(s): Bo Luo ; Chao Liang ; Weijian Ruan ; Ruimin Hu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1522 –1524
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.0122
- Type: Article
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As a classic appearance modelling method in object tracking, patch-based approach is believed to own natural superiority in handling local occlusion to its divide-and-conquer philosophy. However, in facing of more severe application conditions, such as heavy occlusion, part deformation and illumination change, traditional patch-based method may also fail due to the lack of sufficient matching patches. To address this problem, temporal stability as well as spatial salience to collaboratively improve patch selection and update schemes, resulting in a robust tracking algorithm for more challenging scenarios are proposed. Both quantitative and qualitative experiments conducted on practical video sequences demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
- Author(s): Wuxia Yan ; Sheng Wang ; Jun Hu ; Chuancai Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1524 –1526
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1530
- Type: Article
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Parallax handling is a challenging task for image stitching. Existing image stitching methods are quite sensitive to large parallax. One common phenomenon, e.g. is the ghosting. In this Letter, a flexible building facade stitching method that allows large parallax is proposed. Using the rigidity constraints of the man-made environment, each view can be aligned to a reference view. Excellent stitching performance demonstrates that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art ones.
- Author(s): H.C. Choi and B.H. Ahn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1526 –1528
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1576
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A new concept of image alignment method is introduced based on machine learning technique. The proposed method estimates image alignment parameters by using a regression hypersurface, which maps image feature space onto alignment parameter space. The regression hypersurface is obtained by learning an appropriate type of neural network from a large number of training samples, which consist of image features and corresponding alignment parameters. Compared with the previous method that utilises a regression hyperplane, this method achieved a significant improvement in convergence range to apply for alignment of rectangular region in long term image sequences in low frame rate.
- Author(s): Zetian Mi ; Jinxia Shang ; Huan Zhou ; Minghui Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1528 –1529
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1451
- Type: Article
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By disregarding the ‘rain component’ but keeping the ‘non-rain component’ only, results reconstructed by the conventional morphological component analysis decomposition-based rain removal algorithms lose a lot of detail information. On the basis of the limitation, an image fusion strategy is introduced to remove rain from a video. The final rain-free frame is recovered by employing the fused coefficients and the fused dictionary. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently remove rain streaks, while at the same time preserve more detail information.
Stable and salient patch-based appearance model for robust object tracking
Fronto-parallel building facades stitching
Image alignment by parameter hypersurface learning
Image fusion-based video deraining using sparse representation
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- Author(s): V.C. da Rocha Jr
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1530 –1531
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1877
- Type: Article
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A class of p-ary (n, k, d) cyclic codes with block length n = p, dimension k = 2 and minimum Hamming distance d = n − k + 1 = p − 1 is introduced, where p denotes a prime. These codes are maximum distance separable repeated-single-root cyclic codes with generator polynomial g(x) = (x‒1) p‒2. The codebook has size p 2 and contains a subset 𝒮 of p(p ‒ 1)codewords having p distinct symbols each. The size of 𝒮 is maximum for the given parameters and its codewords are useful for applications of coded modulation in power-line communications.
- Author(s): Sheng Tong ; Bo Liu ; Qinghua Guo ; Jun Tong ; Jiangtao Xi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1531 –1533
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1972
- Type: Article
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Block Markov superposition transmission (BMST) of first-order Reed–Muller and extended Hamming (RMEH) codes is investigated. Multiple code rates can be easily realised by adjusting the mixture ratio of Reed–Muller and extended Hamming codes. Compared with the original BMST of repetition and single-parity-check (RSPC) codes, the proposed BMST-RMEH codes can perform close to Shannon limits over a wide range of code rates with about only half the encoding memories of BMST-RSPC codes. As a result of the reduction of encoding memories, the decoding complexity and delay of BMST-RMEH codes are approximately half (or even lower than) those of BMST-RSPC codes.
- Author(s): Meihui Chen ; Hua Chen ; Limin Fan ; Dengguo Feng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1533 –1535
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.0260
- Type: Article
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It is important to study the correlation of randomness statistical tests The correlation of templates in non-overlapping template matching test is studied. The correlation degree between templates is defined and a correlation theorem is presented. For two different m-bit templates, when the last m−1 bits of one are equal to the first m−1 bits of the other one, correlation degree of them reaches the maximum value. Correlation experiments are also carried out and the results agree with the theorem. Finally, an effective selection strategy is proposed and the number of templates can be reduced about 50%.
Class of repeated-single-root cyclic codes for power-line communications
Multiple-rate codes from block Markov superposition transmission of first-order Reed–Muller and extended Hamming codes
Templates selection in non-overlapping template matching test
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- Author(s): Y. Kim ; S. Lee ; Y. Kwon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1535 –1537
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2233
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A 45 GHz stacked-FET power amplifier (PA) using 0.15 μm pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor is presented with feed-forward rectifier bias topology for enhancing linearity. The proposed rectifier bias circuit provides the gate-bias voltage which allows the stacked common-gate FET in triple-stacked FET to have linear operation at higher power compared with the conventional fixed gate-bias circuit. It shows improvement in linearity effectively from measured results of gain compression and third-order intermediation. Measurements are performed by on-wafer probe station. The fabricated 45 GHz stacked-FET PA exhibits an output power of 18 dBm, a transducer gain of 15 dB, and a power-added efficiency as high as 9.5%.
- Author(s): Kai Zhou ; Wei Kang ; Wen Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1537 –1539
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1968
- Type: Article
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A compact dual-band balanced bandpass filter with high common-mode (CM) suppression is proposed. Two layers of substrate are vertically stacked to realise the miniaturisation. The first differential-mode passband can be obtained by the dominant modes and the second can be achieved by utilising the higher-order modes. The desired coupling coefficients of both bands are achievable by properly setting positions and sizes of the coupling slots etched on the layer interface. Meanwhile, four slotlines are etched on the bottom layer of the substrate to improve CM suppression and band-to-band isolation. A four-order prototype is designed for demonstration. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained.
- Author(s): Shuai Liu and Jun Xu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1539 –1541
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2171
- Type: Article
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A novel tri-band bandpass filter (BPF) using a stepped-impedance square ring loaded resonator (SISRLR) is presented. The proposed resonator consists of a square ring with two open stubs and two short stubs. By tuning the impedance ratios of the SISRLR, the passbands can be adjusted and three pairs of transmission poles are produced for tri-band design. On the basis of the resonator, a miniaturised tri-band BPF operating at 1.7 GHz (mobile communication), 3.5 GHz (worldwide interoperability for microwave access application), and 5.8 GHz (WLAN application) has been designed and fabricated. Measured results demonstrate good agreement with simulations.
- Author(s): Yue Dong ; Chen Chen ; Ye Jin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1541 –1543
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1861
- Type: Article
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An iterative joint beamforming algorithm taking the low-resolution phase shifters (PSs) into account is proposed for millimetre-wave communications. Furthermore, performance degradation incurred by the low-resolution PSs is analysed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve comparable performance with the existing alternatives in terms of the array gains and convergence rates but with limited hardware cost. Thus, the proposed scheme can be an acceptable tradeoff between the performance and hardware complexity.
- Author(s): J.V. Morro ; A. Rodríguez ; A. Belenguer ; H. Esteban ; V. Boria
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1543 –1544
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2558
- Type: Article
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Empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW) is an improvement of the well-known substrate integrated waveguide. While maintaining the low cost, easy manufacturing, small size, and integration with other circuits in the same substrate, ESIW decreases the related losses by removing the dielectric substrate, thus rendering it more interesting for practical applications. A wide band transition has been already developed to connect ESIW to microstrip lines. Filters, couplers, and antennas have also been developed in ESIW. For multilevel configurations, where different ESIW devices are implemented in different stacked substrates, a transition is needed that connects ESIW lines in different substrate levels. A low reflection wideband transition is presented for connecting two stacked ESIW lines.
45 GHz stacked-FET PA with linearising feed-forward rectifier
Compact dual-band balanced bandpass filter based on double-layer SIW structure
Compact tri-band bandpass filter using SISRLR
Joint beamforming with low-resolution PSs for millimetre-wave communications
Multilevel transition in empty substrate integrated waveguide
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- Author(s): H. Okayama ; Y. Onawa ; D. Shimura ; H. Takahashi ; H. Yaegashi ; H. Sasaki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1545 –1546
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2488
- Type: Article
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Si wire arrayed-waveguide grating is reported using local rib waveguide generating multimode interference at the array and slab waveguide interface. An 8ch device with 100 GHz channel spacing showing 1.2 dB insertion loss is obtained. A loss improvement near the theory was attained using minimum terrace area compared with a device using simple width taper.
Low loss 100 GHz spacing Si arrayed-waveguide grating using minimal terrace at slab–array interface
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- Author(s): Jiayuan Wang and Jinbiao Xiao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1546 –1548
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2158
- Type: Article
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A full-vectorial mode solver in terms of the transverse-magnetic field components for bending waveguides with curved dielectric interfaces is developed by using multidomain pseudospectral method based on the Chebyshev polynomials basis functions. A curvilinear coordinate transformation is used to map a subdomain with curved boundary onto a unit square. The perfectly matched layers absorption boundary conditions are incorporated into the present method for effectively demonstrating the leaky nature of the bending waveguides. A bending step-index optical fibre with high index contrast is considered as a numerical example to validate the established method.
- Author(s): N. Shukla ; N. Mehta ; D.K. Dwivedi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1548 –1550
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1798
- Type: Article
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In the present Letter frequency (5 × 102 Hz–1 × 105 Hz) and temperature (308–333 K) dependence of dielectric parameter of Se90Cd6In4 glassy alloy has been examined. Conventional melt quench technique has been applied to prepare Se90Cd6In4 glassy alloy. It is observed that dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε″) change with frequency and temperature. The dielectric loss data has been utilised to determine the barrier height W m, which is in accordance with the Elliott's theory of hoping of charge carriers over potential barrier between charge defect states in case of chalcogenide glasses.
- Author(s): P. Miluski ; D. Dorosz ; M. Kochanowicz ; J. Żmojda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1550 –1552
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1491
- Type: Article
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Compact fluorescent optical fibre illuminator is presented. The fabrication and characterisation of polymethyl methacrylate fibre with fluorescent tip are presented. The luminescent properties of Perylene (Per) and Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) of co-doped polymeric fibre were used for 405 nm laser diode radiation conversion inside the polymeric fibre. The spectrum shape and chromaticity coordinates show possibility of application as white light (ca. 3350 K) illuminator. The intensity characteristics of fabricated illuminator are also shown. The small dimensions and high flexibility assure numerous applications of presented construction.
Full-vectorial mode solver for bending waveguides with curved dielectric interfaces
Dielectric relaxation in glassy Se90Cd6In4
Fluorescent polymeric optical fibre illuminator
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- Author(s): L. Haapala ; A. Eriksson ; L. Hoang Duc ; D. Dancila
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1552 –1554
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2117
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The feasibility and very good performance of a kilowatt-level power amplifier in a single-ended architecture, intended for energy systems are demonstrated. The prototype is designed at 352 MHz for the ESS LINAC and delivers 1250 W with 71% efficiency in pulsed operation with a duty cycle of 5%, 3.5 ms pulse at 14 Hz repetition.
- Author(s): BoBae Song and YongSeo Koo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1554 –1555
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2391
- Type: Article
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An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit with novel structure based on a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) is proposed for 5 V ESD protection of integrated circuits. The proposed ESD protection circuit has large current driving capacity due to its low on-resistance and high ESD robustness in comparison with the conventional SCR-based ESD protection circuit. The conventional SCR-based ESD protection circuit and the proposed ESD protection circuit were fabricated using a 0.18 µm bipolar CMOS-double diffused metal-oxide semiconductor transistor (DMOS) process, and their electrical characteristics and ESD robustness were comparatively analysed using transmission line pulse measurements.
Kilowatt-level power amplifier in a single-ended architecture at 352 MHz
Low Ron and high robustness ESD protection design for low-voltage power clamp application
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- Author(s): Lin Gao and Ping Wei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1555 –1557
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1223
- Type: Article
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The single frequency network (SFN) refers to a special kind of sensor networks whose illuminators broadcast the same frequency band of signals. The remarkable feature of SFN is that it generates multiple simultaneous measurements from the same target with illuminators uncertain, which brings heavy computational loads in the context of target tracking. To solve this problem, decomposition of the likelihood function (LF) of SFN into the sum of sub-LFs corresponding to each illuminator is proposed. Then, the sub-LFs are approximately modeled through the random finite set framework. The advantage is that it avoids enumerating all the associations between the illuminators and the measurements. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LF.
- Author(s): Xiaoyong Lyu ; Andrew Stove ; Marina Gashinova ; Mikhail Cherniakov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1557 –1559
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1400
- Type: Article
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The Inmarsat Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) L-band downlink signal from a radar viewpoint is studied. The signal is modelled and its ambiguity function (AF) is analysed and the AF is compared with that of the real recorded signal. It is shown that the AF of a single Inmarsat channel has an interference floor of −40 dB for 80 ms integration time. The AF of the Inmarsat BGAN signal is improved by combining multiple frequency channels with channel overlap.
- Author(s): M. Pieraccini and L. Miccinesi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1559 –1561
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2367
- Type: Article
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ArcSAR is a Synthetic Aperture Radar which recently has been receiving increasing interest in scientific literature. It operates exploiting the spatial diversity of the data acquired by an antenna fixed to a rotating arm. Its great advantage is its capability to synthesise images at 360° with constant resolution in azimuth. The ArcSAR, in addition to operate as interferometric differential radar, can detect the elevation of the targets, i.e. it is potentially able to generate digital elevation models of the surrounding field of view.
- Author(s): Han Yu ; Peng-Lang Shui ; Yu-Ting Huang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1561 –1563
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2248
- Type: Article
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In this Letter, a low-order moment-based estimation of the parameters of compound-Gaussian clutter model with the inverse Gaussian texture (CGIG) is proposed. The CGIG clutter model proposed recently was known as an effective model to describe high-resolution sea clutter at low grazing angles. Its parameter estimation is often obtained by the explicit moment-based estimation using the second- and fourth-order moments, which is low precision in the case of small samples. Here, the first- and second-order moments are used to construct a higher precision estimator, where the look-up table method is employed to make up the lack of explicit expression of the shape parameter.
- Author(s): A. Zaimbashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1563 –1565
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2199
- Type: Article
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The effect of the complex amplitude mismatch (CAM) on the performance of multiband uniformly most powerful invariant (M-UMPI) detector is studied. This optimum invariant detector assumed a fully correlated amplitude over different frequency channels (DFCs) to improve target range resolution (TRR). In this case, we obtain a closed-form expression for the detection probability of the M-UMPI under the CAM. Some simulation results are provided to evaluate the detection performance loss as well as degradation in TRR of the M-UMPI detector when there are different types of CAM over DFCs.
- Author(s): Mei Liu ; Pengfei Wang ; Zhigui Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1565 –1567
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2035
- Type: Article
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The problem of estimating 3D velocity for slowly moving target in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is addressed. To solve this task, a new scheme based on multi-static SAR is presented. The developed scheme first estimates all values of the Doppler centroid and Doppler frequency rate in multi-static SAR by fractional Fourier transform method. Then, a Doppler frequency rate is used to estimate the cross-range velocity of the moving target. The Doppler centroids are used to estimate the range velocity and height velocity. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.
Likelihood function for target tracking in single frequency network
Ambiguity function of Inmarsat BGAN signal for radar application
ArcSAR for detecting target elevation
Low-order moment-based estimation of shape parameter of CGIG clutter model
Multiband FM-based PBR system in presence of model mismatch
3D velocity estimation based on FrFT for multi-static SAR
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- Author(s): A. Pathan and A. Liscidini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1567 –1569
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1908
- Type: Article
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The impact of thermal noise in voltage- and time-domain analogue signal processing is discussed. Despite the technology scaling allows to resolve smaller time differences, it will be shown that in CMOS technologies voltage signal processing have a better fundamental limit compared with its time counterpart.
Thermal noise limit for time-domain analogue signal processing in CMOS technologies
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- Author(s): B. Dulek
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1569 –1571
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1611
- Type: Article
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–1571
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Joint detection and maximum-likelihood (ML) classification of linear modulations based on observations collected over an unknown flat-fading additive Gaussian noise channel is considered. It is assumed that some of the observations are subject to data failures, in which case the receiver acquires only noise. Expectation–maximisation algorithm is employed to compute the ML estimates of the unknown channel parameters, which are then substituted into the corresponding likelihood expressions to perform hypothesis testing. Numerical simulations indicate that a suboptimal classifier, which is ignorant to data failures, exhibits extremely poor performance in the presence of high failure rates. On the other hand, the proposed classifier demonstrates comparable performance with that of the clairvoyant classifier which is assumed to have a priori knowledge of the channel parameters and data failures.
- Author(s): V. Savaux ; I. Siaud ; R. Legouable
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1571 –1572
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.0999
- Type: Article
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An analytic closed form of the optimal non-outage probability value which maximises the outage rate in a Rayleigh channel is derived. Furthermore, asymptotic approximations of both the optimal non-outage probability and the maximum outage rate can be deduced from the proposed analysis.
- Author(s): A. Khelil ; D. Slimani ; L. Talbi ; J. LeBel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, p. 1573 –1574
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.1501
- Type: Article
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A performance evaluation of selective mapping localised single carrier frequency division multiple access technique (SLM LSC-FDMA) is presented over channel measured at 30 GHz. These measurements were taken between three buildings under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) for a propagation path length of 183 m. Simulation results present a peak-to-average power ratio gain of 3.78 dB for the proposed scheme over localised orthogonal frequency division multiple access system and an acceptable bit error rate with and without high power amplifier compared with LSC-FDMA. These results show an improvement of the transmission efficiency under NLOS outdoor scenario at 30 GHz. Hence, these results suggest the use of SLM LSC-FDMA wave form for fifth generation mobile communication at 30 GHz.
ML modulation classification in presence of unreliable observations
Optimal non-outage probability maximising the outage rate in Rayleigh channel
SLM localised SC-FDMA performance evaluation based on 30 GHz channel measurement for 5G
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 52, Issue 18, page: 1574 –1574
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2016.2792
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Indoor positioning based on received optical power difference by angle of arrival
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