Electronics Letters
Volume 49, Issue 14, 04 July 2013
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Volume 49, Issue 14
04 July 2013
- Features
- Antennas and propagation
- Biomedical technology
- Circuits and systems
- Control engineering
- Image and vision processing and display technology
- Information and communications
- Microwave technology
- Optical communication
- Organic and inorganic circuits and devices
- Photonics
- Power electronics, energy conversion and sustainability
- Signal processing
- Wireless communications
- Errata
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, page: 852 –852
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.2074
- Type: Article
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, page: 852 –852
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.2076
- Type: Article
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 853 –854
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.2075
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- Author(s): Hyoungsuk Yoo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, page: 854 –854
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.2068
- Type: Article
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backing gallium nitride*
in brief
inside view*
interview
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- Author(s): J. Kim ; J. Ju ; S. Eom ; M. Song ; N. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 857 –858
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0994
- Type: Article
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A hybrid structure consisting of a printed cross dipole and annular ring antennas with a pattern and polarisation diversity for a four-channel multiple input multiple output system operating in a wireless local area network (LAN) (2.34–2.54 GHz) is presented. The entire antenna size is only 88 × 88 × 44 mm. The envelope correlation coefficient and mean effective gain are computed using measured far-field radiation patterns. The measured − 10 dB impedance frequency bandwidths of the proposed antenna cover the whole operation bandwidths of wireless LAN with an isolation of less than − 15 dB.
- Author(s): G.H. Du ; T. Tang ; Y. Deng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 858 –860
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1597
- Type: Article
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A novel dual-band metal skin UHF radio-frequency identification tag antenna for 866/915 MHz applications is proposed, which is suitable for attaching to metallic objects. To achieve long read ranges within dual band on an ultra-thin substrate, the antenna is designed with two patch arrays printed on a flexible substrate polypropylene for low-cost production. The prototype antenna is fabricated and tested with the commercial tag chip by dual-port connection. The experiment results show that it has similar radiation patterns for the dual band and the read ranges are 3.5 and 3.6 m for 866 and 915 MHz, respectively, when it is mounted on a metal plate.
- Author(s): D. Gaetano ; V. Sipal ; P. McEvoy ; M.J. Ammann ; C. Brannigan ; L. Keating ; F. Horgan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 860 –861
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1596
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A footwear-centric body area network employing a directional antenna is compared with waist-centric systems using omnidirectional and directional antennas. The effect of body movements on path gain is analysed for two bands at 3.99 and 7.99 GHz. The path gain and data rate results demonstrate that footwear-centric configurations are equivalent to or better than waist-centric body area networks.
- Author(s): K.L. Ford ; J. Roberts ; S. Zhou ; G. Fong ; J. Rigelsford
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 861 –863
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1475
- Type: Article
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Practical measurements of a reconfigurable frequency selective surface (FSS) designed to stop the transmission of the GSM network protocol are shown. The method uses the time-varying transmission phase of the FSS to impair a GSM signal transmitted into a building or room, such that the receiver cannot detect the incoming signal. Measurements of the FSS response are shown for varying reconfigurable states and the FSS has been tested against a GSM signal to observe the level of impairment offered by the FSS. It is shown that the FSS can provide up to 35% bit error rate.
- Author(s): K.W. Xu ; H. Li ; L. Chen ; J.T. Huangfu ; L.X. Ran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 863 –865
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1090
- Type: Article
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A deterministic beam-forming approach aiming at synthesising differently shaped beams for a partial, spherical-surfaced conformal aperture is presented. It is mathematically shown that current distribution on such an aperture can be expanded into a Fourier series, and its far-field radiation pattern can be further expressed in a concise closed form. If the aperture distribution satisfies a weighted zeroth-order or first-order spherical Bessel function, one can easily achieve various shaped beams such as pencil, flat-topped and bimodal beams by simply tuning a single weighting coefficient of the Bessel function. The proposed approach is deterministic and intuitive, making it possible to achieve fast, real-time beam-forming for spherical conformal arrays.
Four-channel MIMO antenna for WLAN using hybrid structure
Dual-band metal skin UHF RFID tag antenna
Footwear-centric body area network with directional UWB antenna
Reconfigurable frequency selective surface for use in secure electromagnetic buildings
Spherical Bessel function based deterministic beam-forming for spherical-surfaced apertures
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- Author(s): J. Kim and K. Pedrotti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 865 –866
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0730
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A fully integrated low-power digital FSK demodulator is presented. Employing a novel clock extractor, the clock can be reliably retrieved from the FSK carrier, which also enables robust synchronisation of the clock and data without using a phase-locked loop. This implantable demodulator was fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process and tested using inductively coupled coils.
- Author(s): H. Yoo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 866 –868
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1335
- Type: Article
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In high-magnetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems (7 T and above), the radio frequency (RF) field shows greater inhomogeneity compared with clinical MRI systems (1.5 and 3.0 T). In multi-channel RF coils, driving each coil element with convex optimisation can reduce non-uniformity of the RF field in a region of interest. In this Letter, a periodic compressed method (PCM) and a PCM after averaging are proposed in order to reduce RF coil control time at high fields. Simulation results were obtained using a human head model in 7 and 9.4 T systems, and the results are discussed in detail.
- Author(s): Yonghui H. Gao ; Shengzheng Z. Wang ; Jie Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 868 –869
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1457
- Type: Article
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Electronic portal imaging for reliable patient setup verification is a very important task in radiation therapy. In-treatment imaging with guaranteed visual quality is crucial to track relevant anatomy features. However, on-line images are often blurry because of imaging physics. In this reported work, a robust multi-scale approach for image enhancement is developed. An edge-aware function is investigated with a tensor of a Gaussian pyramid and measured non-locally as the output coefficient of a Laplacian pyramid, which controls how the edges are modified. Furthermore, a greyscale stretch is performed in the coarsest level of the Gaussian pyramid to produce guaranteed holistic contrast. Experimental results demonstrate the stability and simplicity of the proposed method in improving visual quality and preserving important textures.
- Author(s): A.A. Liu ; T. Hao ; Z. Gao ; Y.T. Su ; Z.X. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 869 –871
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0197
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a sequential sparsity representation method for mitotic event recognition. First, an imaging model-based microscopy image segmentation method is implemented for mitotic candidate extraction. Then, a sequential sparsity representation scheme is proposed for dictionary learning and sparsity decomposition for sequential events. Specifically, a convex objective function jointly regularised by sparsity, consistent and smooth terms is formulated to compute the reconstructed residual, which is finally utilised for classification. This method can take advantage of temporal context for spatio-temporal event modelling. Moverover, it can overcome the shortage of temporal inference models which highly depends on a large amount of training data and long-range temporal context. The comparison shows that this method can outperform competing methods in terms of precision, recall and F1 score.
- Author(s): J.S. Jeong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 871 –873
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0418
- Type: Article
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Real-time ultrasound imaging during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery allows for tracking tissue movement and monitoring feedback from a treated target. However, the reflected HIFU interference signals deteriorate the quality of imaging signals received by an imaging transducer during simultaneous therapy and imaging. The purpose of this Letter is to demonstrate that those HIFU interference signals can be significantly reduced in the brightness-mode image by using a coded excitation scheme with adaptive notch filtering. A prototype integrated HIFU/imaging transducer was used to experimentally demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
Fully integrated low-power area-efficient FSK demodulator for inductively powered biomedical implants
Fast B1 field localisation in high-field MRI systems
Non-local enhancement of electronic portal imaging with tensor texture descriptors
Sequential sparse representation for mitotic event recognition
Suppression of therapeutic interference by using Barker code and adaptive notch filtering for real-time HIFU surgery and ultrasound imaging
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- Author(s): D. Comminiello ; M. Scarpiniti ; R. Parisi ; A. Uncini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 873 –875
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4329
- Type: Article
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The analysis of some convergence properties of a recent class of nonlinear adaptive filters, known as ‘functional link adaptive filters’ (FLAFs) is aimed at. In particular, a convergence stability range is derived for nonlinear FLAFs using trigonometric series expansion.
- Author(s): T.S. Murray ; P.O. Pouliquen ; A.G. Andreou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 875 –876
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1810
- Type: Article
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The design is presented of a configurable length chipping sequence generator architecture that can be programmed with arbitrary binary sequences at low clock speeds of external digital controllers and can then generate the sequence periodically at multi-gigahertz rates. The design is scalable to allow for any sequence length and provides functionality to synchronise parallel channels across multiple devices.
Convergence properties of nonlinear functional link adaptive filters
Design of configurable chipping sequence generator for high-speed parallel samplers
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- Author(s): Young Jin Park and Wan Kyun Chung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 877 –878
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1297
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The external torque estimation problem in a 1-degree-of-freedom flexible-joint robot system with a joint torque sensor is revisited. The flexible-joint robot has two dynamics, motor-side and link-side dynamics, making the problem more complicated. An external torque-sensing algorithm for the flexible-joint robot is proposed, which treats these two dynamics simultaneously for extracting external torques applied to the system. The basic structure of the proposed algorithm is illustrated, and the performance is verified by a custom-designed experimental apparatus for vertical configuration with a gravitational load.
External torque-sensing algorithm for flexible-joint robot based on Kalman filter
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- Author(s): L.B. Zhou and H. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 878 –880
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3347
- Type: Article
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The average of synthetic exact filter (ASEF) and the minimum output sum of squared error (MOSSE) are two state-of-the-art correlation filters. An iterative adaptive method to boost their performance of target finding is proposed. ASEF and MOSSE stiffly assign distance-based Gaussians to the training images as synthetic correlation outputs, which drop the intensity information and may distort the filter. To alleviate it, synthetic outputs are iteratively adjusted under two considerations: (i) the correlation peak should locate at the target by giving more prominence to the target while suppressing other local maxima that are likely to be wrongly detected, and (ii) correlation values at different pixels should match the intensity context. Accordingly, the filter is updated. Comparative experiments in facial landmark localisation show the superiority of the proposed method over ASEF and MOSSE.
- Author(s): Chun-Su Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 880 –882
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1318
- Type: Article
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A transform-domain successive elimination algorithm for block-based motion estimation (ME) is proposed. First, a method is introduced for calculating the sum of squared differences in the transform domain. Then, based on this method, a new transform-domain criterion is proposed to eliminate impossible candidates as early as possible. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm speeds up the ME process by up to a factor of 10 compared with the conventional full search algorithm.
Iterative adaptive synthetic correlation output filters
Multilevel motion estimation based on distortion measure in transform domain
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- Author(s): Shengbin Liao and Qingfu Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 882 –884
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0830
- Type: Article
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Recent research shows that a combinatorial network optimisation problem can be approximated by adding a Shannon entropy term to its objective function. This Letter generalises it to the case of Tsallis entropy and provides the mathematical proof.
Approximation for combinatorial network optimisation using Tsallis entropy
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- Author(s): A. Edelmann ; L. Moeller ; J. Jahns
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 884 –886
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1429
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Coupling of THz radiation at 625 GHz onto a copper wire is demonstrated. The end-fire technique is used in combination with an axicon to excite the azimuthally polarised surface plasmon polaritons on the wire‘s front facet. A small lateral offset of the wire relative to the optical axis is used to achieve significant plasmon excitation. Coupling efficiencies of about 17% were measured. The coupling mechanism is discussed theoretically using the overlap integral and verify plasmonic excitation and propagation by measuring the radiated field at the wire end.
- Author(s): R. Bara-Maillet ; S.R. Parker ; J.-M. Le Floch ; M.E. Tobar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 886 –887
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1469
- Type: Article
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A report is presented on the residual intrinsic phase noise properties of a millimetre-wave module used to generate W-band signals from an X-band analogue signal generator. The 90 GHz outputs of two nominally identical millimetre-wave modules are heterodyned to measure their instantaneous frequency fluctuations and hence infer the close-to-carrier phase noise. The fractional frequency stability at 1 s integration time is 2 × 10−14, which corresponds to a total single-sideband phase noise of −50 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz Fourier frequency offset from the carrier and a residual single-sideband phase noise of −52 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset.
- Author(s): H.W. Liu ; S. Li ; B.P. Ren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 887 –888
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0288
- Type: Article
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A microstrip dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) using two E-shaped multimode resonators (MMRs) is presented. Each MMR can not only generate one passband, but also independently control the bandwidth. By utilising the odd-mode and even-mode resonance properties of the proposed MMR, a simple design procedure is described. Besides, two transmission zeros are created owing to the intrinsic characteristic of the proposed resonator. To validate the design theory, a dual-band BPF for GSM and WLAN applications was designed, analysed and fabricated. Measurements have good agreement with simulations.
- Author(s): Yuxia Mo ; Kaijun Song ; Pan Tao ; Yong Fan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 888 –890
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0869
- Type: Article
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A novel miniaturised dual-band bandpass filter using a single modified stepped impedance resonator (SIR) is presented. Some different shaped slots cutting on the middle patch of the SIR are adopted to improve the return loss in the two passbands and control the resonant frequencies. Meanwhile, the impedance ratio can be changed by changing L or W to tune the resonant frequencies. To improve the selectivity and achieve a high out-of-band rejection, source–load coupling is utilised. The simulated and measured results are presented and show good agreement.
Coupling of terahertz radiation to metallic wire using end-fire technique
Intrinsic phase noise properties and frequency stability of millimetre-wave module at 90 GHz
Microstrip dual-band bandpass filter with E-shaped multimode resonator
Miniaturised dual-band bandpass filter using modified SIR
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- Author(s): E.-M. Jeong ; S.-H. Yang ; H.-S. Kim ; S.-K. Han
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 890 –892
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1368
- Type: Article
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In a positioning system based on visible light communication, significant error occurs in localisation when the receiver has a tilt angle. The performance of the positioning system, which uses received signal strength and trilateration when Rx is tilted, has been researched and it is demonstrated that the estimated location changes in the same direction that the Rx is tilted and the shape of the estimated position is bent, theoretically and experimentally. The bent shape and error in an estimated position were compensated for by the multiplying weighting factor and by shifting the estimated position, respectively.
Tilted receiver angle error compensated indoor positioning system based on visible light communication
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- Author(s): Z.W. Wu ; M.L. Yao ; H.G. Ma ; W.M. Jia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 892 –893
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0422
- Type: Article
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A novel method to de-noise microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors by cascaded integration of singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and independent component analysis (ICA) is proposed to improve the attitude accuracy for low-cost attitude estimation. The low-frequency vibration noise and acceleration disturbance induce large errors to attitude estimation since MEMS accelerometers provide attitude measurement for sensor fusion by measuring the gravity vector. It is proposed to remove the low-frequency vibration noise by SSA and to mitigate the acceleration disturbance by ICA. SSA can effectively separate the trend and periodic vibration noise and ICA can effectively extract the acceleration disturbance with the help of turning rate measured by the yaw gyro. The proposed technique was tested on real road experiments showing significant improvement of attitude accuracy.
- Author(s): S.W. Kaun ; M.H. Wong ; J. Lu ; U.K. Mishra ; J.S. Speck
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 893 –895
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1723
- Type: Article
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High-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) structures were regrown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaN-on-SiC templates and free-standing (FS) GaN substrates with very low threading dislocation density (TDD). To ensure a high buffer breakdown voltage, the thickness of the unintentionally doped (UID) GaN buffer layer, d UID, was reduced to 200 nm for the HEMTs regrown on FS GaN. A reduction in TDD entailed an increase in the three-terminal breakdown voltage for passivated HEMTs. With a low d UID, the proximity effects of the carbon-doped GaN buffer were evident. A power-added efficiency (PAE) of 37% and continuous-wave power output (P out) of 4.2 W/mm were measured at 4 GHz with a drain bias of 40 V for a HEMT on FS GaN without a back barrier. By including a 5 nm Al0.3Ga0.7N back barrier, PAE and P out improved to 50% and 6.7 W/mm, respectively, at a drain bias of 40 V.
De-noising MEMS inertial sensors for low-cost vehicular attitude estimation based on singular spectrum analysis and independent component analysis
Reduction of carbon proximity effects by including AlGaN back barriers in HEMTs on free-standing GaN
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- Author(s): P.D. Dragic and J. Ballato
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 895 –897
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1386
- Type: Article
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For the first time, Raman gain spectra are measured for three all-glass Yb:YAG crystal-derived optical fibres. It is shown that fibres derived from YAG have a reduced Raman gain relative to that of pure silica, partly because of a significant broadening of the silica Raman lines, and also partly because of yttria and alumina possessing a lower gain than that of silica. Such a designer-materials approach for suppression of stimulated Raman scattering can enable future high-energy and high-peak-power fibre laser systems.
- Author(s): M.T. Johnson ; D.F. Siriani ; P.O. Leisher ; K.D. Choquette
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 897 –898
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1867
- Type: Article
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In-phase emission from a bottom-emitting, coherently coupled, vertical cavity surface-emitting laser array is demonstrated for the first time. Various array geometries are examined. An antiguided index profile is used to obtain the preferred on-axis far-field peak from a 2 × 1 array up to 0.9 mW, representing a critical step towards coherent, high-brightness two-dimensional laser arrays.
- Author(s): Y. Ogiso ; M. Arai ; T. Sato ; Y. Shibata ; M. Kohtoku
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 898 –900
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1659
- Type: Article
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A single drive Mach-Zehnder optical modulator with a new simple planar structure was investigated by utilising a lateral electric field. To obtain the Pockels effect induced by the lateral electric field, a (110)-oriented InP substrate is introduced. The device exhibits an extinction ratio of > 25 dB over the entire C-band, a wide operating wavelength bandwidth of 80 nm and temperature insensitivity.
- Author(s): I. Mizumoto ; Y. Yoshi ; H. Oguma ; A. Tsukada ; S. Sakai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 900 –901
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4359
- Type: Article
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A weather measurement system was constructed using near-infrared light-emitting diodes and indium gallium arsenide photodiodes for the 1–2 µm near-infrared region. The difference in the absorbance of water for near-infrared light at wavelengths of 945 and 1450 nm was used to distinguish between three different precipitation types: snow, sleet and rain. From the ratio of the number of generated light absorption events at the two wavelengths, a distinction between snow, sleet and rain events was demonstrated. The judgement results by this system were consistent with those obtained from the meteorological observatory weather database.
Characterisation of Raman gain spectra in Yb:YAG-derived optical fibres
In-phase antiguided bottom-emitting vertical cavity laser arrays
Static properties of planar Mach-Zehnder optical modulator on (110) InP substrate
Weather measurement system using near-infrared differential spectroscopy
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- Author(s): S. Druart ; J.M. Gillis ; N. Martin ; D. Flandre ; L.A. Francis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 901 –903
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1334
- Type: Article
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A system to detect abrupt current variations occurring on high-powered conductors ( > 10 A) is proposed. The detection system is composed of an inductive transducer interfaced by a saw-tooth current-controlled oscillator (CCO). The transducer consists of a spiral highpass inductor, the role of which is to catch the magnetic flux induced by the current generated on the power line, the sensor being connected to the source branch of the CCO control current. Each magnetic perturbation is therefore transformed into an induced current added to the CCO source current, thus deforming the output transient saw-tooth voltage of the circuit. The authors have defined an output characteristic based on the measurement of each period of the oscillating voltage; the information is consequently extracted from the comparison of the measured periods with the natural oscillating period of the CCO. The system has been implemented on a printed circuit board, tested for the arc fault detection application and compared with a Hall reference probe. The proposed measuring method allowed discriminating the arcing occurrences from the normal operation of the power conductors in three different regimes: i.e. when the power line is loaded by an open circuit, a resistive load, or an electrical motor.
Detector of abrupt current variations on power lines
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- Author(s): Q. Zhang and C. Caloz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 903 –905
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0606
- Type: Article
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A comparison of transmission and reflection all-pass phasers is conducted in terms of resolution for analogue signal processing. First, a formula for resolution is derived based on the fundamental operation of real-time Fourier transformation. Next, the condition for equal resolution of the two types of phasers is established as a general relation between their coupling coefficients. It is subsequently shown that reflection phasers impose less constraint on the coupling coefficient than transmission phasers.
Comparison of transmission and reflection all-pass phasers for analogue signal processing
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- Author(s): Taehyun Park ; Seung Young Kim ; Gu-In Kwon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 905 –907
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1050
- Type: Article
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Reprogramming a wireless sensor network requires accurate broadcast of the code to its all nodes. A multi-block forward error correction technique was used, in which blocks were encoded using a rateless code, such as a Luby transform (LT) code. When relaying data, a node salvages any error-free blocks from a corrupted frame and uses them in constructing a new frame. This creates diversity in the data relayed by the nodes, giving downstream nodes an improved chance of obtainining a subset version of any block. Experiments show that this approach achieves significant reduction in network traffic.
- Author(s): J.C. Jiang ; P. Wei ; L. Gan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, p. 907 –908
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.1210
- Type: Article
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A single source location method based on a independent doublet array is proposed. It is considered that the source is located at the far-field of each doublet and the near-field of the array. The presented method realises direction of arrival estimation by an ESPRIT-like technique, and the range of the source by array geometry successively. It provides a simple and search-free estimation method for single near-field source location. Simulation results are presented that verify the effectiveness of the method.
Multi-block FEC for reprogramming wireless sensor networks
Source location based on independent doublet array
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 14, page: 908 –908
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.2025
- Type: Article
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908
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Errata: ‘Highly integrated CMOS RF SPDT switch with ESD and unit cell optimisation in MCM’
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