Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 48, Issue 12, 7 June 2012
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Volume 48, Issue 12
7 June 2012
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, page: 668 –668
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1827
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): János Ladvánszky
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, page: 668 –668
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1821
- Type: Article
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Dr János Ladvánszky from Ericsson Telecom Hungary talks about the research behind his Letter ‘Does amplitude or phase noise arise first?’ on page 692. - Author(s): D. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, page: 669 –669
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1807
- Type: Article
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Researchers in the US have combined the outputs of two independent pulsed lasers coherently and interferometrically without using complex optical feedback loops, whilst almost halving the output pulse duration. - Author(s): J. Baldwin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, page: 670 –670
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1822
- Type: Article
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Researchers in China have used a technique called successive cancellation stack to improve the performance of polar codes. Even in high signal-to-noise ratio systems, the system offers low complexity and state-of-the-art performance. Kai Niu of the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications in China tells us more.
Interview
Combination lock
Inside View
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- Author(s): Y.S. Seo ; J.W. Jung ; H.J. Lee ; Y.S. Lim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 673 –674
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0650
- Type: Article
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A trapezoid monopole antenna with a band-notched performance for UWB is presented. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a 1.6 mm-thick FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.2 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The VSWR of the proposed antenna is measured and then compared with simulated results. The measured parameters are in agreement with the simulation results, and the antenna offers an excellent performance for UWB systems ranging from 3.0 to 12.0 GHz. The inverted-U shaped slot rejects the frequency band of WLAN (5.15–5.825 GHz). The proposed antenna creates a monopole-like pattern in the E-plane and an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the H-plane. - Author(s): Z. Sun ; S.S. Zhong ; L.B. Kong ; C. Gao ; W. Wang ; M.P. Jin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 674 –676
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0416
- Type: Article
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An S/X dual-band dual-polarised shared aperture microstrip array with fractional frequency ratio (FR=1:3.5) is presented. A hybrid feed is adopted in this phased array to improve the isolation. Measured results agree well with the simulation, exhibiting a |S11|≤15 dB bandwidth of 10% in both bands. Good polarisation-isolation and radiation pattern are also confirmed. - Author(s): K.J. Nicholson ; W.S.T. Rowe ; P.J. Callus ; K. Ghorbani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 676 –677
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1328
- Type: Article
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The slotted waveguide antenna stiffened structure (SWASS) is a conformal load bearing antenna concept that aims to replace existing aircraft antennas with a structurally integrated equivalent. In SWASS, slots are cut through the skin of hat-stiffened or blade-stiffened aircraft panels to create slotted waveguide antennas. The structural integrity of these panels is at maximum when the slot dimensions are minimised. An architecture that retains the slotted waveguide antenna performance while minimising the slot dimension by means of a single well placed wire element is demonstrated.
Design of trapezoid monopole antenna with band-notched performance for UWB
Dual-band dual-polarised microstrip array with fractional frequency ratio
Small slot design for slotted waveguide antenna stiffened structure
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- Author(s): Chi-Chung Cheung and Sin-Chun Ng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 678 –679
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0947
- Type: Article
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Quickprop is one of the most popular fast learning algorithms in training feed-forward neural networks. Its learning rate is fast; however, it is still limited by the gradient of the backpropagation algorithm and it is easily trapped into a local minimum. Proposed is a new fast learning algorithm to overcome these two drawbacks. The performance investigation in different learning problems (applications) shows that the new algorithm always converges with a faster learning rate compared with Quickprop and other fast learning algorithms. The improvement in global convergence capability is especially large, which increased from 4 to 100% in one learning problem.
Fast learning algorithm to improve performance of Quickprop
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- Author(s): D. Diamantopoulos ; K. Siozios ; D. Soudris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 679 –681
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1321
- Type: Article
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Integrating more functionality in a smaller form factor with lower power consumption pushes traditional semiconductor technology scaling to its limits. Three-dimensional (3D) chip stacking is touted as the silver bullet technology that can keep Moore's momentum and fuel the next wave of consumer electronic products. Introduced is a framework that enables rapid evaluation of 3D SoCs with existing physical design tools. - Author(s): M.A. Rios and S.H. Hong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 681 –682
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3923
- Type: Article
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A shared lighting unit architecture suitable for mobile 3D graphics is presented. Sharing of resources is achieved by reusing a unitary vector operation, and diffuse and specular components calculation. Balance between area and power dissipation was compared with a more prevalent parallel unit architecture implementation. Results indicate that parallel implementations of the proposed shared units lead to much better area × power efficiency as more of these units are used for higher processing performance. - Author(s): Seehwan Yoo ; Chuck Yoo ; Hyunchan Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 682 –684
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0261
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new I/O scheduling for SSD, proportional work-conserving. The proposed scheduling algorithm provides proportional fairness among tasks. To provide proportional fairness, proportional work-conserving differentiates probability to fully utilise the task's quantum, which is controlled by adjusting opportunistic waiting time. Its proportional fairness is formally proveds and its validity through numerical evaluation and experimental results from Linux implementation are presented. - Author(s): M. Condon ; A. Deaño ; A. Iserles
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 684 –686
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1051
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This reported work is concerned with the simulation of memristors when they are subject to high-frequency forcing functions. A novel asymptotic-numeric simulation method is applied. For systems involving high-frequency signals or forcing functions, the superiority of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and efficiency when compared to standard simulation techniques is illustrated. Relevant dynamical properties in relation to the method are also considered. - Author(s): J.A. Kitchener and B.J. Phillips
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 686 –687
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1485
- Type: Article
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A sub-nanowatt oscillator is described. The oscillator is intended for a wake-up timer for remote sensors and hence trades frequency accuracy for reduced power consumption. It is constructed from a five-stage ring of inverters in which the switching speed is reduced using transistors that are always-off, or starved. Fabricated in a 0.35 µm process, the oscillator and its active load dissipate 80 pW at 1.5 Hz from a 1 V supply at 22°C.
Framework for performing rapid evaluation of 3D SoCs
Area-power efficient lighting unit architecture based on hardware sharing
Fairness of proportional work-conserving I/O scheduling
Simulation of memristors in presence of high-frequency forcing function
Starved picowatt oscillator for remote sensor wake-up timer
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- Author(s): J. Min ; J. Kim ; S. Shin ; I.-S. Kweon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 687 –689
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0897
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An efficient sampling technique for estimating camera motion is presented. For this purpose, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is incorporated into the data-driven proposal distribution in order to improve the SLAM performance. Experimental results using both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. - Author(s): Kiho Choi and Euee S. Jang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 689 –691
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0277
- Type: Article
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Proposed is an early transform unit (TU) decision method for high efficiency video coding (HEVC) by early determination of the TU sizes based on coding tree pruning. Although the coding efficiency in HEVC can be improved by using various transform block sizes, the computational complexity increased dramatically in terms of the transform kernel size and the transform coding structure. A simple TU decision algorithm is proposed that can prune a residual quadtree in the early stages based on the number of nonzero DCT coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a 61% reduction in TU processing time compared to the HEVC test model 3.0 encoder with a little gain in coding performance. - Author(s): Yonghong Kuo ; Peng Zhang ; Jian Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 691 –692
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0838
- Type: Article
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A new scheme combining multiple description coding (MDC) and distributed video coding (DVC), called a novel feedback free multiple description distributed video coding (MDDVC) scheme, is proposed to overcome the drift distortion and feedback problem for robust transmission. Experimental results show that the proposed MDDVC proves to be a promising scheme, removing the feedback channel.
Data-driven MCMC sampling for vision-based 6D SLAM
Early TU decision method for fast video encoding in high efficiency video coding
Feedback free multiple description distributed video coding for robust transmission
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- Author(s): G. Mészáros ; Cs. Fűzy ; J. Ladvánszky
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 692 –693
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1346
- Type: Article
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Measured cross-correlation values of phase and relative amplitude noises on the same carrier are equal for the same positive and negative time shifts. Consequently, it cannot be distinguished if amplitude or phase noise arises first. - Author(s): Xiaohua Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 694 –695
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0194
- Type: Article
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Algorithms and rules for the optimal selection of multiple amplify-and-forward relays are developed in a dual-hop cooperative network. A linear fractional programming approach is first formulated. Then, a surprisingly simple water-filling-like closed-form solution is derived, which shows many interesting properties of the optimal relay selection. - Author(s): K. Niu and K. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 695 –697
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1459
- Type: Article
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A successive cancellation stack (SCS) decoding algorithm is proposed to improve the performance of polar codes. Unlike the conventional successive cancellation decoder which determines the bits successively with a local optimal strategy, the SCS algorithm stores a number of candidate partial paths in an ordered stack and tries to find the global optimal estimation by searching along the best path in the stack. Simulation results in the binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel show that the SCS algorithm has the same performance as the successive cancellation list (SCL) algorithm and can approach that of the maximum likelihood algorithm. Moreover, the time complexity of the SCS decoder is much lower than that of the SCL and can be very close to that of the SC in the high SNR regime.
Does amplitude or phase noise arise first?
Optimal multiple-relay selection in dual-hop amplify-and-forward cooperative networks
Stack decoding of polar codes
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- Author(s): L.S. Zhang ; Y.B. Liu ; L. Huang ; Z.H. Feng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 697 –698
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1149
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new method to reduce the hysteresis of piezoelectric actuators. A reference piezoelectric actuator driven by a charge controller was used to obtain the driving voltage, which was applied to a target actuator via a suitable voltage amplifier. Experiments showed that a reduction of 84–90% at frequencies from 0.05 to 10 Hz was obtained compared with the direct voltage drive method. This method has the ability of affording very high voltage for bulk piezoelectric actuators to reach maximum elongation, and an easy common ground wiring which is feasible for practical piezoelectric element driving circuits, compared with the traditional charge drive for eliminating piezoelectric element's hysteresis.
Using output voltage of charge drivers to reduce hysteresis of piezoelectric actuators
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- Author(s): Haixi Li ; Jinyong Zhang ; Lei Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 698 –699
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0132
- Type: Article
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A fully integrated 5 mHz highpass filter for electrophysiological signal acquisitions is described. Unlike the traditional Gm-C or pseudo-resistor architectures, the proposed continuous-time filter employs the current steering technique, which helps decrease the capacitance area and reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) simultaneously. This design was fabricated in 0.18 µm CMOS technology. Experimental results indicate that it achieves −3 dB frequency band at 5 mHz, power consumption of 15 µW and input referred noise of 3.8 µVrms. The −80 dB THD was measured at 1 Hz 0.2 Vp–p sine wave input. - Author(s): C.W. Tang and M.G. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 699 –701
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0469
- Type: Article
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A planar microstrip triplexer with compact size is proposed. The triplexer is composed of three pairs of bandpass filters and a star-junction. Specifically, the bandpass filters are constructed by stepped hairpin resonators; the coupled feeding is applied to the star-junction, where bandpass filters are connected. Consequently, three passbands will be generated and a wideband insertion loss will be obtained. Furthermore, the triplexer can be integrated into an off-the-shelf package for frequency-division triplex wireless communication systems. - Author(s): G. Bianconi ; C. Pelletti ; R. Mittra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 701 –702
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1497
- Type: Article
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An efficient technique for the analysis of microwave circuits and antennas etched on a layered medium is presented. The proposed method, based on the recently introduced equivalent medium approach, yields accurate results and yet reduces computational time in comparison with the conventional method of moments algorithm. A numerical example which demonstrates the accuracy and numerical efficiency of the proposed technique is included. - Author(s): J.G. Yang and K. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 702 –704
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0172
- Type: Article
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A broadband compact InGaAs pin 5-bit digital attenuator using a π-type resistive network is demonstrated. The proposed 5-bit digital attenuator is composed of π-type resistive networks for good input/output matching and accurate attenuation characteristics. The fabricated attenuator MMIC has good performance characteristics, such as an insertion loss less than 11.5 dB and a small RMS amplitude error of 2.3 dB at the broadband frequency range of 7–40 GHz. In addition, the overall chip size, which is significantly reduced by using the developed multilayer structure, is only 1.59×0.84 mm2. - Author(s): X.B. Wei ; Y. Shi ; P. Wang ; J.X. Liao ; Z.Q. Xu ; B.C. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 704 –705
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1107
- Type: Article
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A compact dual-band bandpass filter with an improved stopband using short-circuit centred stepped impedance resonators (SCSIRs) is presented. The proposed filter consists of two SCSIRs, one of which is embedded in the other one to obtain two passbands. Multiple transmission zeros can be generated by the proposed SCSIR for high passband selectivity and upper wide stopband bandwidth. The centre frequencies and bandwidths of the two passbands can be controlled by adjusting the geometric dimensions of the SCSIRs, respectively. A 2.4/5.2 GHz dual-band experimental BPF has been designed and fabricated to demonstrate the proposed method. - Author(s): Z. Zhang ; Y.-C. Jiao ; Z.-B. Weng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 705 –707
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1306
- Type: Article
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A 2.4 GHz power divider with harmonic suppression is presented. It comprises two sets of hook-shaped resonators in each branch. By adjusting the widths and lengths of the hook-shaped strips, it is convenient to control the third and fifth harmonic suppression separately without affecting the passband performance. Experimental results show insertion losses of 3.453 and 3.341 dB, the return loss of 19.3 dB and better than 14 dB isolation at the centre frequency. Furthermore, excellent out-of-band rejection can be observed, including 46.2 dB suppression for the third harmonic and 37.35 dB suppression for the fifth harmonic. - Author(s): Kyu-Ha Jang ; Seong Hee Park ; Kitae Lee ; Gun-Sik Park ; Young Uk Jeong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 707 –708
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0976
- Type: Article
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The oscillation of a high-order mode TM330 is observed in a photonic bandgap multi-beam reflex klystron using nine electron beams generated from a carbon nanotube cathode. One side of a conventional metal cavity was replaced with a dielectric photonic crystal lattice to form a hybrid photonic-bandgap resonator, which uses lattice bandgap effects, resulting in a more uniform field of a higher-order mode, as well as the exclusion of some conventional-cavity-type modes, thereby reducing mode competition. The high-order and multi-beam concepts would be applicable to a terahertz radiation source when the device is micromachined. - Author(s): M. Avcu ; R. Sommet ; J.P. Teyssier ; G. Callet ; A. El-Rafei ; R. Quéré
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 708 –710
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0979
- Type: Article
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This reported work deals with an accurate characterisation method dedicated to the determination of the thermal impedance of gallium nitride based high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs). The method is inspired by the ‘3ω method’ initially proposed by Cahill (reference 8 of this Letter) in order to measure the thermal conductivity of bulk materials or layers and the present authors' previous works on thermal resistance measurements. It is demonstrated that the voltage oscillation at the third harmonic is a real image of the thermal impedance of the device in the frequency domain. Both the theoretical approach and the test bench are discussed. - Author(s): M. Ben Kilani ; M. Nedil ; N. Kandil ; M.C.E. Yagoub ; T.A. Denidni
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 710 –712
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1139
- Type: Article
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A new wideband 3 dB directional coupler based on CB-CPW technology is presented and implemented. The proposed coupler is elliptic, offering a wide bandwidth compared to the conventional branched-arm hybrid technology. In fact, simulated and measured results show a better performance, especially in terms of bandwidth (∼50%) compared to conventional CPW branch-line hybrid couplers. This novel architecture is useful for low-cost wideband applications.
5 mHz highpass filter with −80 dB total harmonic distortions
Packaged microstrip triplexer with star-junction topology
Efficient technique for analysis of printed microwave circuits using characteristic basis functions
Broadband compact InGaAs pin 5-bit digital attenuator using π-type resistive network
Compact dual-band bandpass filter with improved stopband characteristics
Design of 2.4 GHz power divider with harmonic suppression
High-order photonic bandgap reflex klystron using carbon nanotube multi-beam cathode
Measurement of thermal impedance of GaN HEMTs using 3ω method
Wideband directional elliptic coupler based on CB-CPW technology
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- Author(s): J. Rouhi ; S. Mahmud ; S.D. Hutagalung ; N. Naderi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 712 –714
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1020
- Type: Article
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A novel vacuum lateral silicon diode was fabricated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography to characterise field emission. The silicon diode was approximately 100 nm thick, with an exceptionally smooth surface, and included a finger-like emitter with a gap width of 35 nm. From the Fowler-Nordheim, equation, the field enhancement factor (β) and the field emitting area (A) were assessed to ascertain the high emission current and the low turn-on voltage. The very small emitting area was obtained due to the extremely sharp cathode and very small radius of the anode tip curvature. The turn-on voltage of the diode was 8 V, the smallest value ever reported for lateral silicon field emission diodes.
Field emission in lateral silicon diode fabricated by atomic force microscopy lithography
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- Author(s): Z. Hu ; F. Chen ; H. Liu ; J. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 714 –715
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3971
- Type: Article
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An all-optical Manchester decoder is proposed and experimentally demonstrated utilising cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier and tunable time delay in an optical delay line. The proposed scheme is switchable between inverted decoding and non-inverted decoding for the input Manchester encoded signal at 10 Gbit/s application. - Author(s): A.V. Velasco ; P.J. Bock ; P. Cheben ; M.L. Calvo ; J.H. Schmid ; J. Lapointe ; D.-X. Xu ; S. Janz ; A. Delâge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 715 –717
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0591
- Type: Article
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The fabrication and experimental characterisation of a two-stage band-pass filter based on curved waveguide sidewall gratings is reported for the silicon-on-insulator platform. At each cascaded filtering stage, the spectral components of the input signal are dispersed by the diffraction grating formed in the sidewall of a silicon strip waveguide. Different wavelengths are focused onto different positions along the Rowland circle and the filter central wavelength is selected by a specific receiver waveguide. By using two consecutive filtering stages, both the filter passband profile and the stopband rejection ratio are substantially increased. The grating is apodised and chirped to ensure a constant effective index along the grating length to minimise phase distortions. Blazed geometry is used to maximise the diffraction efficiency to the −1st order. The device was fabricated with electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching using a single etch step. A bandwidth of 6.2 nm was measured near 1590 nm for the fabricated filter, with a roll-off of 4 dB/nm at the passband edge, and a stopband rejection of 40 dB. - Author(s): K. Hatanaka ; T. Majima ; K. Kintaka ; J. Inoue ; K. Nishio ; Y. Awatsuji ; S. Ura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 717 –718
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1521
- Type: Article
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An integration of a cavity resonator was recently proposed to miniaturise a guided-mode resonance filter for application to a small-diameter beam launched from an optical fibre or waveguide end. Its operation principle has been demonstrated with a one-dimensional configuration so far, but a two-dimensional configuration is necessary for practical applications. A grating coupler and a pair of distributed Bragg reflectors of curved gratings were designed for a guided wave propagating with divergence due to diffraction. The cavity-resonator-integrated guided-mode resonance filter of 10 µm aperture was fabricated on a SiO2 based waveguide. A narrowband reflection spectrum of 0.2 nm full width at half maximum was demonstrated experimentally.
All-optical switchable Manchester decoder using semiconductor optical amplifier and optical delay line
Bandpass filter implemented with blazed waveguide sidewall gratings in silicon-on-insulator
Cavity-resonator-integrated guided-mode resonance filter consisting of curved gratings
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- Author(s): M. Atef ; R. Swoboda ; H. Zimmermann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 718 –720
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0474
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A high-speed transmission over step-index plastic optical fibre (SI-POF) using a resonant cavity light emitting diode (RCLED) is described. The integrated optical receiver is realised in 0.6 µm BiCMOS technology with an integrated large-area Si photodiode. The design consists of a TIA, equaliser and post-amplifier stage followed by a 50 Ω output driver. The integrated equaliser can be adapted via an external control voltage to different SI-POF lengths and RCLED limited bandwidths. A data rate of 250 Mbit/s can be transmitted over a 50 m-long SI-POF with a sensitivity of −22dBm at BER of 10−9 and over a 100 m-long SI-POF with a sensitivity of −24 dBm at a BER of 10−6. - Author(s): J. Kim ; A. Ardey ; P.J. Delfyett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 720 –721
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1280
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An optical pulse injection locking technique is employed to generate shorter pulses from a passively modelocked quantum dot laser. The optical pulse injection locking enables the coherent addition of phase-locked longitudinal mode groups from two separate modelocked lasers without the use of stabilisation control loops, thus increasing the spectral bandwidth output resulting in optical pulses with shorter temporal duration. - Author(s): P.H. Binh ; P. Renucci ; V.G. Truong ; X. Marie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 721 –723
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0760
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A new pulse-shaping circuit has been designed to increase the performances of large signal modulation of light emitting diodes. It is simply based on a parallel Schottky-capacitance circuit in series with the light emitter. The peak power of the generated optical pulse is shown to be significantly improved compared to the classical resistance-capacitance peaking circuit for sub-nanosecond pulsewidths.
250 Mbit/s over 100 m SI-POF with RCLED source using integrated post-equaliser
Coherent spectral bandwidth combining by optical pulse injection locking in quantum dot modelocked semiconductor diode lasers
Schottky-capacitance pulse-shaping circuit for high-speed light emitting diode operation
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- Author(s): W.Q. Niu ; W. Gu ; J.X. Chu ; A.D. Shen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 723 –724
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0953
- Type: Article
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An asymptotic coupled-mode theory (CMT) method is used to analyse the frequency splitting phenomena in contactless power transfer (CPT) systems. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the CMT method catches the key pitchfork characteristics of the frequency splitting phenomena, and a concise expression is derived to relate the splitting point to all key system parameters. - Author(s): A. Bidram ; M.E.H. Golshan ; A. Davoudi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 724 –725
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0053
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a methodology to evaluate bus selection for synchronous machine-based distributed generators considering their first swing stability. The notion of trajectory sensitivity is used to define a stability index that ranks the distribution system buses subsequent to a set of credible contingencies. The proposed methodology is verified using a radial test feeder.
Coupled-mode analysis of frequency splitting phenomena in CPT systems
Distributed generation placement considering first swing stability margin
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- Author(s): M. Farshchian ; A. Abdi ; F. Posner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 725 –727
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0422
- Type: Article
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Proposed and computed are the level crossing rate (LCR), average calm duration (ACD) and average surge duration (ASD) in the context of radar clutter and false alarm analysis. The derived formulas for the LCR, ACD and ASD are then compared to their measured values calculated from experimental radar sea clutter and are shown to be in good agreement.
Level crossing rate of sea clutter: theory and measured data
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- Author(s): T. Moazzeni ; A. Amei ; J. Ma ; Y. Jiang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 727 –729
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0799
- Type: Article
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The performance of speech enhancement algorithms to a large extent is related to the employed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation techniques. Many of the existing SNR estimation techniques are based on approaches that require either an experimentally pre-specified weighting factor or prior assumptions of the parameters in the signal model. In this reported work, a closed form SNR estimator is derived by modelling the noisy speech signal as a generalised normal-Laplace distribution and estimating the variance of the signal and variance of the noise using high-order sample moments. The performance of the proposed technique is tested using real speech signals and compared with the well-known eigenvalue method.
Statistical model based SNR estimation method for speech signals
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- Author(s): T. Zhang ; J. Du ; Y.J. Guo ; X.-W. Sun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 729 –731
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1411
- Type: Article
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A compact high-Tc superconducting (HTS) monolithic downconverter is presented. The HTS passive and active devices are integrated on one single chip to achieve compactness and high coupling efficiency. The downconverter consists of a HTS YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) bandpass filter for RF input, a lowpass filter for IF output, and a self-pumped step-edge Josephson heterodyne mixer fabricated on a 20 ×10 mm MgO substrate. Characterisations of the HTS filters and the frequency response of the on-chip integrated downconverter are reported. The results demonstrate the potential of the HTS downconverter for applications in wireless communications.
On-chip integration of HTS bandpass and lowpass filters with Josephson mixer
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- Author(s): J.J. Giménez ; D. Gozálvez ; D. Gómez-Barquero ; N. Cardona
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 731 –732
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1431
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a model for the received signal strength imbalance between radio frequency (RF) channels in the UHF band. The model is fitted to field measurements carried out in the commercial DVB-T (digital terrestrial broadcasting) network of Sweden. Analysis of the measurement data reveals large differences in the received signal strength between channels according to the reception scenario and the frequency spacing. The model presented is a valuable tool to investigate the potential network planning gains of time-frequency slicing, a technique that was described in the DVB-T2 standard and that will be included in the future DVB-NGH (next generation handheld) standard for improved frequency diversity. - Author(s): I. Gomez-Miguelez ; V. Marojevic ; A. Gelonch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 732 –734
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3679
- Type: Article
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The energy consumption of modern communications systems is dominated by the signal processing and shaping circuitry. Assuming a rate-independent processing power consumption, the energy per bit spent for signal processing can be effectively reduced by increasing the transmission power. The optimal relation between processing and transmission power for energy efficient communications is derived. This relation is called processing-to-amplifier power ratio (PrAPR). - Author(s): Yang-Ho Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 734 –736
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0570
- Type: Article
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The performance of uncertainty-set-based robust adaptive beamformers is greatly dependent on the bound of the uncertainty set. Presented is an automatic setting of the bound based on the minimum distance between the presumed steering vector and the signal subspace. The proposed scheme can virtually provide the same performance as the beamformer with the optimum bound. - Author(s): R.R. Thomas and B.T. Maharaj
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 12, p. 736 –737
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3820
- Type: Article
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Presented is an efficient bandwidth determination model for the cognitive positioning system by utilising multiple receive antennas. The performance evaluations of the proposed multiple receive antenna positioning system were carried out using the linear least squares and maximum-likelihood location estimation techniques. Simulated results reveal that in a rural scenario, the 1×2 and 1×3 single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) cases display an average bandwidth efficiency with respect to positional accuracy, of 49 and 58%, respectively, over the single-input-single-output (SISO) case. For an urban scenario, the 1×2 and 1×3 SIMO cases display a higher average bandwidth efficiency of 53 and 62%, respectively, over the SISO case.
Statistical model of signal strength imbalance between RF channels in DTT network
Processing-to-amplifier power ratio for energy efficient communications
Robust adaptive beamforming with automatic uncertainty bound setting
Towards a bandwidth efficient cognitive positioning system
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