Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 47, Issue 4, 17 February 2011
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Volume 47, Issue 4
17 February 2011
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, page: 226 –226
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.9011
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): Bane Vasić
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, page: 226 –226
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.9012
- Type: Article
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Professor Bane Vasić co-author of ‘Barcodes for DNA sequencing with guaranteed error correction capability’ from the University of Arizona on page 236 talks about his interest in theoretical biology. - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, page: 227 –227
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.9013
- Type: Article
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Mass-producible carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) have been used for the first time to build a GHz amplifier. US-based collaborating companies RF Nano Corp. and MITEQ Ltd. developed a CNTFET-based single-stage L-band RF amplifier which demonstrates the highest performance circuit published so far for this technology. “RF Nano is the first and only company able to mass produce CNTFETs useful for amplifiers that operate in the GHz range,” said Dr Michael Schroter, Vice President RF Engineering at RF Nano. “In addition, RF Nano has a working compact transistor model with a suite of passives in development for a full CNTFET MMIC platform.” - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, page: 228 –228
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.9014
- Type: Article
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A team of researchers from the UK, Denmark and Cyprus report that they can reliably produce fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor structures in TOPAS cyclic olefin copolymer microstructured polymer optical fibre (POF). With a temperature response similar to poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and lower sensitivity to water, these sensors have potential for long-term temperature and strain monitoring.
Interview
GHz amplifiers go nano
A reason to Bragg
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- Author(s): C. Wang ; Z.-H. Yan ; P. Xu ; J.-B. Jiang ; B. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 231 –232
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3250
- Type: Article
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A novel trident-shaped dual-band CPW-fed monopole antenna for PCS/WLAN applications is presented. By inserting two pairs of symmetrical strips in the middle strip of the trident-shaped antenna, dual-frequency operating bands with 10 dB return-loss bandwidths of 33.7%, ranging from 1.80 to 2.53 GHz, and of about 1100 MHz centred at 5.5 GHz have been achieved. They cover the required bandwidths of the PCS band (1.85–1.99 GHz) and WLAN bands (2.4–2.484 and 5.15–5.825 GHz). Also, good radiation patterns, and 3.6 and 9.1 dBi peak antenna gains for the lower (2.2 GHz) and upper (5.5 GHz) bands have been measured. - Author(s): W.I. Son ; H.S. Tae ; J.W. Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 232 –233
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.7091
- Type: Article
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Presented is a new method for designing a compact square quadrifilar helix antenna with circular polarisation, operated at satellite digital audio radio service (SDARS) band (2320–2345 MHz) and intended for applications in portable terminals. This new antenna comprises four helix antennas, which are wound around a square pillar orthogonally and excited with a phase difference of 90° - Author(s): S.F. Zheng ; Y.Z. Yin ; H.L. Zheng ; Z.Y. Liu ; A.F. Sun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 233 –235
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.7407
- Type: Article
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Two types of improved hexagon loop unit cells for miniaturised frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are presented and their transmission responses are contrasted. The measured results indicate that by interdigitating the common boundary of adjacent unit cells of FSSs, the operating bandwidth can be broadened compared with convoluted ones and the effect of size reduction is also enhanced. - Author(s): Y. Zhu ; F.S. Zhang ; C. Lin ; Y.C. Jiao ; R. Zou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 235 –236
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3713
- Type: Article
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An ultra-wideband monopole antenna with a novel coupling band-notched filter is proposed. The filter consists of a smaller rectangle slot in the metallic radiation patch and a bigger rectangle added on the back ground plane. To illustrate the operating mechanism of this antenna more clearly, an equivalent circuit model is extracted and discussed. The measured impedance bandwidth defined by VSWR≤2 is 10.6 GHz (2.31–12.91 GHz), with the band of 4.84–6.12 GHz notched. Also, an omnidirectional radiation characteristic in the desired frequency band can be obtained. Measured group delay and transmission characteristics show that an excellent transient response is achieved.
Trident-shaped dual-band CPW-fed monopole antenna for PCS/WLAN applications
Compact square quadrifilar helix antenna for SDARS application in portable terminals
Convoluted and interdigitated hexagon loop unit cells for frequency selective surfaces
Design of band-notched structure for UWB applications
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- Author(s): A.R. Krishnan ; M. Sweeney ; J. Vasic ; D.W. Galbraith ; B. Vasic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 236 –237
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3546
- Type: Article
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Advances in DNA sequencing have resulted in instruments of remarkable performance, including extraordinary base read rates, and enormous sequencing depths. Sample throughput, nevertheless, remains slow, a situation that could be alleviated through sample multiplexing, with the incorporation of DNA barcodes serving to identify the different samples. Given the existence of finite sequencing error rates, reported is the design from BCH codes of DNA barcodes that provide guaranteed correction of errors within these barcodes.
Barcodes for DNA sequencing with guaranteed error correction capability
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- Author(s): H. Wang ; M. Zhao ; X. Wu ; B. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 237 –239
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.7409
- Type: Article
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A 0.9 V 58 µW 92 dB SNDR audio ΔΣ modulator is presented. Through combining the featured architecture with elaborately designed circuits, ultra-low-power operation is achieved. A power-efficient switched opamp (SO) with a new chopper stabilisation circuit for SO application is exploited to reduce power and minimise flicker noise. A novel data-weighted-averaging (DWA) technique is applied to suppress the harmonic distortion effectively. - Author(s): M. Li ; S. Seok ; N. Rolland ; P.-A. Rolland ; H. El Aabbaoui ; E. de Foucauld ; P. Vincent
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 239 –240
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3472
- Type: Article
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A 4.2 GHz sub-harmonic low-phase-noise oscillator is presented. Optimisation of phase noise has been achieved by a combination of a 2 GHz bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator and a differential Colpitts topology circuit adopting STMicroelectronics 0.25 µm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology. The measured phase noise is −132 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset while the power consumption of the core oscillator is 21 mW with a figure of merit of −211 dBc/Hz. To the authors’ knowledge, this sub-harmonic oscillator achieves the best phase-noise level for a BAW based oscillator at 4 GHz band. - Author(s): S. Deng and A.P. Morrison
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 240 –241
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3270
- Type: Article
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A bias circuit for avalanche photodiodes (APDs) based on a dual-rail charge pump configuration operating from a 5 V supply that is capable of supplying a bias voltage in excess of 50 V is presented. For shallow-junction planar APDs that operate between 25 and 45 V this circuit is capable of delivering more that 50 mW of power, allowing avalanche currents in the mA range. The circuit design requires only two external capacitors, while the rest of the circuit can be implemented as an application-specific integrated circuit which makes the circuit highly integrable. The bias voltage can be accurately controlled and easily adjusted by the end user using the shunt regulator incorporated for voltage control. - Author(s): J.-I. Park and H. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 241 –243
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3369
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new area-efficient truncated inversionless Berlekamp-Massey (TiBM) architecture for the Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder. The area-efficient feature of the proposed architecture is obtained by truncating redundant processing elements in the key equation solver (KES) block using the BM algorithm. This increases the hardware utilisation of the processing elements used to solve the key equation and reduces the hardware complexity of the KES block. The proposed TiBM architecture has the lowest hardware complexity compared with conventional KES architectures. - Author(s): Yu.V. Pershin and M. Di Ventra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 243 –244
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.7328
- Type: Article
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Suggested are circuit realisations of emulators transforming memristive devices into effective floating memcapacitive and meminductive systems. The emulator's circuits are based on second generation current conveyors and involve either four single-output or two dual-output current conveyors. The equations governing the resulting memcapactive and meminductive systems are presented. - Author(s): C.I. Luján ; A. Torralba ; R.G. Carvajal ; J. Ramı́rez-Angulo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 244 –246
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.0037
- Type: Article
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A new highly linear voltage follower is proposed based on the local feedback loop of a flipped-voltage-follower and a cascode transistor with dynamic biasing, which outperforms classical solutions in terms of linearity. Post-layout simulations for a 0.5 µm CMOS technology validate the proposed structure. - Author(s): F. Ma ; Y. Han ; S. Dong ; B. Song ; M. Miao ; K. Zhu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 246 –247
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3524
- Type: Article
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Novel boundary-MOS-triggered SCR devices have been fabricated and investigated in 0.13 µm CMOS process for on-chip ESD protection. Compared to conventional MOS-triggered SCRs with 50 µm width, boundary-MOS-triggered SCR structures can achieve an adjustable trigger voltage as low as 3 V, a smaller turn-on resistance of 1.75 Ω, a shorter turn-on time of 4.5 ns and a higher failure current of 3.06 A, which make them superior ESD clamp devices for nanoscale CMOS ICs. - Author(s): L.-S. Lai ; S.-W. Lee ; T.-C. Chuah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 247 –249
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2673
- Type: Article
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An efficient timing mismatch identification technique based on phase extraction for M-channel time-interleaved analogue-to-digital converters is presented. Identification using a test tone with frequency up to the system Nyquist band in a reduced frequency domain computation is described. It is demonstrated that the proposed technique is computationally efficient and can accurately estimate timing mismatch errors. - Author(s): J.J. Kim ; K.-H. Lee ; J. Choi ; Y. Park ; K. Lim ; C.-H. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 249 –250
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.7582
- Type: Article
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An ultra-wideband voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented. The proposed VCO adopts a series/parallel reconfigurable structure of inductor arrays to double the tuning range of their equivalent inductance. An ultra-wide VCO frequency range from 4.2 to 18.7 GHz was measured, achieving 25% improvement of frequency tuning characteristic and 40% reduction effect in die area.
0.9 V 58 µW 92 dB SNDR audio ΔΣ modulator with high efficiency low noise switched-opamp and novel DWA technique
4.2 GHz sub-harmonic low-phase-noise oscillator based on BAW resonator
Integrable bias solution for avalanche photodiodes
Area-efficient truncated Berlekamp-Massey architecture for Reed-Solomon decoder
Emulation of floating memcapacitors and meminductors using current conveyors
Highly linear voltage follower based on local feedback and cascode transistor with dynamic biasing
Investigation of boundary-MOS-triggered SCR structures for on-chip ESD protection
Phase extraction based efficient timing mismatch identification in time-interleaved analogue-to-digital converter systems
Ultra-wideband CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator with reconfigurable tunable inductors
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- Author(s): O. Ramadan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 250 –252
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2812
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Unconditionally stable complex envelope split-step wave-equation finite difference time domain (FDTD) formulations are presented for modelling dispersive electromagnetic applications. The formulations are based on incorporating the Strang time-splitting approach into the exponential evolution operator scheme. A two-dimensional numerical example is included to show the validity of the proposed formulations.
Complex envelope split-step wave-equation FDTD formulations for dispersive electromagnetic applications
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- Author(s): H. Jung ; Y. Lee ; B. Choi ; D.Y. Suh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 252 –254
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2992
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A cooperative local dimming (CLD) method that effectively controls the brightness of the backlight unit is proposed. This CLD method takes into account the brightness of neighbouring light sources to achieve a backlight brightness that should be minimally higher than the brightness required by the pixels on the screen. The proposed CLD method matches pixel brightness more accurately and saves more energy than conventional local dimming methods do, thereby improving the quality of images and energy efficiency. - Author(s): J. Sun ; C. Yang ; J. Liu ; X. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 254 –255
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.0091
- Type: Article
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Gaze tracking is an important technique for human–computer interaction. A novel gaze tracking method with two lights and one camera is proposed, in which the similarity between spatial triangles is utilised to estimate the point-of-gaze, and a two-stage calibration is used to improve the estimation precision. Experiments show this method has low complexity, and its average gaze estimation error is about 0.7306° with a head movement range of 20×17×10 cm (width×height×depth).
Cooperative local dimming for accurate backlight brightness matching
Gaze tracking based on similarity between spatial triangles and two-stage calibration
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- Author(s): N.D. Alexandru and A.L. Balan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 256 –257
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3287
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A family of improved Nyquist filters with a piece-wise rectangular frequency characteristic composed of six nonzero linear segments with variable-length projections onto the frequency axis is investigated. They produce a family of inter-symbol interference-free (ISI-free) pulses with an asymptotic decay rate of t−2 that shows comparable or better inter-symbol interference performance, compared with some recently proposed pulses. The co-ordinates of the points that delimit the linear segments are varied in a limited interval in order to obtain a minimum value of the probability of error when the impulse response is sampled with a small time offset. The results outperform previously reported pulses taken as a reference. - Author(s): Z. Zhang ; C. Cui ; K. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 257 –259
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2091
- Type: Article
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The iterative hard-threshold algorithm has recently been proposed to handle sparse regularisation problems arising in compressed sensing and other sparse signal processing problems. The algorithm is attractive owing to its simplicity; however, it converges slowly. An accelerated algorithm of this iterative method is proposed based on momentum and adaptive learning rate. Experiments with the sparse signal reconstruction show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. - Author(s): P. Adde ; C. Jégo ; R. Le Bidan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 259 –260
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.7857
- Type: Article
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Presented is a soft-decision decoding algorithm for a particular class of rate-1/2 systematic linear block codes. The proposed algorithm performs successive re-encoding of both the data and parity bits, to produce a list of codewords among which the most likely candidate is chosen. Simulation results show that close to optimal performance can be obtained at reasonable complexity. They validate the potential of the proposed algorithm as a practical approach for soft-decision decoding.
ISI-free pulses produced by improved Nyquist filter with piece-wise linear characteristic
Iterative hard-threshold algorithm with momentum
Near maximum likelihood soft-decision decoding of a particular class of rate-1/2 systematic linear block codes
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- Author(s): H. Chu ; Y.X. Guo ; Y.L. Song ; Z.L. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 260 –262
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3644
- Type: Article
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A novel design method of a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) diplexer with a substrate integrated waveguide is proposed by taking advantage of the existence of multiple cavity modes. The major design concept is to properly choose the geometric shape of the substrate integrated waveguide resonators to control the resonant frequencies and the position of the feeding probes to achieve the desired isolation between two resonant bands. A 40/50 GHz diplexer design example with two-order response is given and verified by experiments. - Author(s): Y.-C. Liu ; W.-H. Chen ; X. Li ; Z.-H. Feng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 262 –263
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3428
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A novel design of a dual-band power divider with coupled-line shunt elements is proposed. This configuration features very compact size (over 1/2 size-reduction as compared to the conventional π- or T-shaped network and quarter-wave coupled-line structure) over a reasonable frequency ratio range. First, design theory is presented, and the simulated and measured results of an implemented microstrip power divider operating at 900 and 2000 MHz are given for verification of the proposed method. - Author(s): J. Wang ; L. Ge ; K. Wang ; W. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 263 –265
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3196
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A compact microstrip dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter is presented. The filter consists of two E-shaped resonators and two T-shaped feedlines. By utilising the odd-mode and even-mode resonance properties of the proposed E-shaped resonator, the new filter is designed with two transmission poles in both passbands. Furthermore, the introduced two T-shaped feedlines and a coupling between them can result in multi-transmission zeros in the stopband, which will improve the selectivity of the filter. To validate the design theory, a dual-mode dual-band filter with two passbands located at the centre frequencies of 1.8 and 2.4 GHz, respectively, were designed and fabricated. Both experimental and simulation results are provided, with good agreement.
40/50 GHz diplexer design in LTCC technology
Compact design of dual-band power divider with coupled-line shunt elements
Compact microstrip dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter with wide stopband
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- Author(s): M. Eron ; S. Lin ; D. Wang ; M. Schroter ; P. Kempf
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 265 –266
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.0018
- Type: Article
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The first carbon nanotube transistor (CNT)-based single-stage L-band RF amplifier has been designed, built and characterised. The on-wafer probe measured data was used to design a single-stage discrete feedback amplifier with a CN FET die. The amplifier achieved 11 dB linear gain with better than 10 dB input/output return loss at 1.3 GHz. The measurement results match well with the simulation. - Author(s): X. Fu and D. Dai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 266 –268
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3068
- Type: Article
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An ultra-small arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) router with microbends based on silicon-on-insulator nanowires is demonstrated experimentally. The presented AWG router has 15 input/output channels and the channel spacing is 400 GHz. The device size is only 163×147 µm. The thermal-tunability of the presented ultra-small AWG router is also characterised.
L-band carbon nanotube transistor amplifier
Ultra-small Si-nanowire-based 400 GHz-spacing 15×15 arrayed-waveguide grating router with microbends
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- Author(s): D. Tanaka ; Y. Ikuma ; Y. Shoji ; M. Kuwahara ; X. Wang ; K. Kintaka ; H. Kawashima ; T. Toyosaki ; H. Tsuda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 268 –269
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3705
- Type: Article
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1000-times stable switching operation of an optical gate incorporating a Ge2Sb2Te5 thin film with Si wire waveguides is reported. The phase of the Ge2Sb2Te5 was reversibly changed from the amorphous state to the crystalline state by the application of pulsed laser irradiation. The extinction ratio was 9.7 dB on average, and did not decline throughout the entire sequence of 1000 switching events induced by irradiation. The wavelengths of the signal light and of the laser pulses were 1550 nm and 660 nm, respectively.
Demonstration of 1000-times switching of phase-change optical gate with Si wire waveguides
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- Author(s): W. Hofmann ; M. Müller ; P. Wolf ; A. Mutig ; T. Gründl ; G. Böhm ; D. Bimberg ; M.-C. Amann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 270 –271
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3631
- Type: Article
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The modulation characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with a buried tunnel junction emitting in the important wavelength regime around 1.55 µm are presented. For the first time it was possible to demonstrate bit rates up to 40 Gbit/s also in this waveband. The 3 dB bandwidth measured under continuous-wave driving conditions was higher than 19 GHz. The present devices were found to be somehow sensitive to the bit-pattern length, especially at high temperatures or data rates resulting in some error-flooring. Error-free performance could be demonstrated up to 35 Gbit/s at room temperature and up to 25 Gbit/s at 55°C. - Author(s): I.P. Johnson ; W. Yuan ; A. Stefani ; K. Nielsen ; H.K. Rasmussen ; L. Khan ; D.J. Webb ; K. Kalli ; O. Bang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 271 –272
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.7347
- Type: Article
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A report is presented on the inscription of a fibre Bragg grating into a microstructured polymer optical fibre fabricated from TOPAS cyclic olefin copolymer. This material offers two important advantages over poly (methyl methacrylate), which up to now has formed the basis for polymer fibre Bragg gratings: TOPAS has a much lower water affinity and has useful properties for biosensing. The grating had a Bragg wavelength of 1569 nm and a temperature sensitivity of −36.5±0.3 pm/°C. - Author(s): R.H. Chu and J.J. Zou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 272 –274
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2879
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New insights into the transverse strain sensor based on the optical fibre Solc filter are reported. It is found that the sensitivity of the sensor is influenced by the polarisation mode dispersion (PMD). Simulation results show that the PMD reduces the sensitivity of the Solc filter sensor from 7.14 pm per microstrain (pm/µɛ) to 4.5 pm/µɛ. The influence of the centre wavelength of a light source and the section length of a sensor on its performance are also investigated with consideration of PMD. The reported findings are useful for the selection of a proper wavelength of the light source and an appropriate length for the sensor. - Author(s): F. Stutzki ; C. Jauregui ; J. Limpert ; A. Tünnermann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 274 –275
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3255
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A new monitoring technique of the modal content of monolithic few-mode fibre lasers, which should employ at least one fibre Bragg grating as the laser reflector, is presented. The setup is able to spatially separate the different transversal modes of monolithic fibre lasers and, therefore, allows for their direct observation. - Author(s): Y. Miao ; B. Liu ; K. Zhang ; Y. Liu ; H. Sun ; Q. Zhao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 275 –277
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.0011
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Weakly tilted fibre Bragg gratings (W-TFBGs) with different tilted angles are fabricated in the cladding rods of all-solid photonic bandgap fibre by UV illumination. The spectral characteristics of the W-TFBGs are investigated.
40 Gbit/s modulation of 1550 nm VCSEL
Optical fibre Bragg grating recorded in TOPAS cyclic olefin copolymer
Polarisation mode dispersion in transverse strain sensor based on optical fibre Solc filter
Real-time characterisation of modal content in monolithic few-mode fibre lasers
Weakly tilted fibre Bragg grating inscription in all-solid photonic bandgap fibres
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- Author(s): C. Huang and S. Chakrabartty
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 277 –278
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3430
- Type: Article
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Self-powered sensing refers to an energy scavenging approach where the power for sensing, computation and storage is harvested directly from the signal being sensed. Presented is a 16-transistor CMOS circuit that can be used for the self-powered sensing of strain-rates using signals produced by piezoelectric energy scavengers. By exploiting operational primitives inherent in impact-ionised hot-electron injection on a floating-gate transistor, the proposed circuit achieves computation and non-volatile storage of signal-rate statistics without the aid of batteries, intermediate energy storage, power regulation or analogue-to-digital conversion. By using a diode based analogue delay-line, the proposed circuit computes and stores the number of times the signal-rate (strain-rate) exceeds a threshold which can be programmed from 0.6 to 12 V/s. The circuit occupies 500×340 µm of silicon when prototyped in a 0.5 µm CMOS technology and measured results demonstrate power dissipation less than 200nW, which is ideal for self-powered sensing applications. - Author(s): H. Marien ; M. Steyaert ; E. van Veenendaal ; P. Heremans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 278 –280
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3662
- Type: Article
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A report is presented on the design and measurement of one of the first dual DC-DC upconverters implemented in an organic thin-film technology on foil providing output voltages beyond the upper and lower power supply voltages. The converter generates bias voltages around +50 and −40 V from a 20 V power supply. The upconverted voltage range is sufficient to bias backgates of transistors in dual-gate thin-film transistor technologies, which improves the reliability of analogue as well as digital thin-film circuits. - Author(s): H. Behjati and A. Davoudi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 280 –281
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3614
- Type: Article
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Digital controllers are often used in interleaved multiphase DC-DC converters for voltage regulator modules. A dynamic, discrete-time model is required for frequency-domain characterisation and subsequent controller design. An exact, small-signal model for a general multiphase converter is presented that is suitable for direct digital design. The proposed model is verified for a dual-phase buck converter, using hardware measurements and numerical simulation. The open loop control-to-output and the closed-loop transfer functions predicted by the proposed method match those extracted from an average-value model and network analyser, respectively. - Author(s): H. Choi ; S. Hwang ; H. Bae ; S. Kim ; H. Kim ; M. Jeon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 281 –283
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2897
- Type: Article
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Graphene counter electrodes (GCEs) prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) have been investigated. Half cells were fabricated to examine the electrochemical properties of GCEs with different deposition times. Accordingly, dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated with those GCEs in order to examine the conversion efficiencies and effect of GCEs with different deposition times. The possibility of GCEs by EPD as a counter electrode of DSSCs is suggested.
Compact self-powered CMOS strain-rate monitoring circuit for piezoelectric energy scavengers
Organic dual DC-DC upconverter on foil for improved circuit reliability
Discrete-time modelling of digitally-controlled multiphase converters
Electrophoretic graphene for transparent counter electrodes in dye-sensitised solar cells
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- Author(s): X. Zhang and D. Xu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 283 –284
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3279
- Type: Article
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Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for colocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is considered. An estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT)-based DOA estimation for the MIMO radar using reduced-dimension transformation is proposed to reduce the complexity. The proposed algorithm has very close angle estimation performance to conventional ESPRIT; also it has slightly better performance than conventional ESPRIT for low SNR. Simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm. - Author(s): J.H. Zhu ; N.N. Zheng ; Z.J. Yuan ; S.Y. Du
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 284 –286
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3476
- Type: Article
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Since the uncertainty of a robot state changes over time, proposed is an adaptive simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) algorithm based on the Kullback-Leibler distance (KLD) sampling and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) move step. First, it can adaptively determine the number of required particles by calculating the KLD between the posterior distribution approximated by particles and the true posterior distribution at each step. Secondly, it introduces the MCMC move step to increase the particle variety. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can obtain more robust and precise results by computing the number of required particles more accurately than previous algorithms. - Author(s): W.G. Zhang ; Q. Zhang ; C.S. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 286 –288
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2982
- Type: Article
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To effectively preserve edges of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images while cleanly despeckling, an improved bilateral filtering algorithm (IBF) is proposed. A threshold value is first calculated, which is used to distinguish whether the current pixel and its neighbouring pixels are homogeneous or not. Then, bilateral filtering (BF) is improved by reducing its two parameters to one, which emphasises the contribution of adjacent homogeneous pixels to the approximation of the current pixel. Finally, IBF is applied to remove speckles. The despeckling results for SAR images show that the visual quality and evaluation indexes of IBF outperform those of enhanced Lee filtering (ELF) and BF.
Low-complexity ESPRIT-based DOA estimation for colocated MIMO radar using reduced-dimension transformation
Adaptive SLAM algorithm with sampling based on state uncertainty
Improved bilateral filtering for SAR image despeckling
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- Author(s): C.C. Huang ; B. Gholipour ; J.Y. Ou ; K. Knight ; D.W. Hewak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, p. 288 –289
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3276
- Type: Article
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A prototype Ge-Sb-Te thin-film phase-change memory device has been fabricated and reversible threshold and phase change switching demonstrated electrically, with a threshold voltage of 1.5–1.7 V. The Ge-Sb-Te thin film was fabricated by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) at atmospheric pressure using GeCl4, SbCl5, and Te precursors with reactive gas H2 at reaction temperature 780°C and substrate temperature 250°C. The surface morphology and composition of the CVD-grown Ge-Sb-Te thin film has been characterised by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The CVD-grown Ge-Sb-Te thin film shows promise for phase change memory applications.
Electrical phase change of CVD-grown Ge-Sb-Te thin-film device
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- Author(s): M.A. Majid. ; D.T.D. Childs ; H. Shahid
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 4, page: 289 –289
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.9015
- Type: Article
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Erratum for ‘1.52 µm electroluminescence from GaAs-based quantum dot bilayers’
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