Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 47, Issue 24, 24 November 2011
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Volume 47, Issue 24
24 November 2011
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, page: 1302 –1302
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3542
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): Thomas Fickenscher
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, page: 1302 –1302
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3540
- Type: Article
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Dr Thomas Fickenscher from Helmut Schmidt University talks about his research and his Letter ‘Underwater wireless optical communication for swimmer feedback using IrDA transceiver’ on page 1335. - Author(s): Nikolay Ledentsov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1303 –1304
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3538
- Type: Article
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10.5 W substrate-emitting lasers from researchers in Germany and Russia show promise for coherent laser stacks that could replace solid state-lasers in material processing and other applications. Nikolay Ledentsov tells us more. - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, page: 1304 –1304
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3543
- Type: Article
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Researchers at Tsinghua University have taken a 3D approach to MIMO antennas and have built a 2.4 GHz MIMO antenna for WLAN applications that is much smaller than previous designs but still has high isolation and good omnidirectional coverage.
Interview
Inside View
MIMO wraps up
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- Author(s): S. Mohammadi ; J. Nourinia ; C. Ghobadi ; M. Majidzadeh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1307 –1308
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2199
- Type: Article
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A novel coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed slot antenna with bandstop characteristics is presented for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The proposed antenna consists of a rotated square-shaped patch and a 50Ω CPW feed line. By embedding an inverted V-shaped slot with folded ends, the band rejection property is achieved. Also, etching two slots on the ground plane leads to an improvement in impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna covers the frequency range of 3.04–20.22 GHz for VSWR < 2, and rejects 5–6 GHz. The total size of the antenna is 20 × 18 × 1.6mm3, which is smaller than many of the designed slot antennas and covers wider bandwidth. For the fabricated antenna, an omnidirectional pattern is observed over the whole UWB frequency range. - Author(s): J. Sosa ; S. Coss ; A. Rodríguez ; L. Rodríguez ; M. Galaz ; E. Ramírez ; M. Enciso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1308 –1309
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2701
- Type: Article
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A full three-dimensional (3D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) approach has been developed to model microwave indoor propagation at 2.4 GHz. Simulations take into account traditional office furniture, dielectric walls, windows etc. Owing to the large computation resources needed to perform the 3D simulations, the algorithm was implemented on a cluster using a parallel computing technique. FDTD results are compared with a multi-wall model and measured data. Good agreement between FDTD and measurements is reported.
Compact CPW-fed rotated square-shaped patch slot antenna with band-notched function for UWB applications
Indoor 2.4 GHz microwave propagation study using 3D FDTD approach
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- Author(s): P. Chen ; H.L. Zhao ; C. Tao ; H.S. Sang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1309 –1311
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2941
- Type: Article
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An efficient two-scan connected component labelling (CCL) algorithm is proposed for a general purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU). Compared to other GPU CCL algorithm, this algorithm has three distinct features. First, block-based and run-based strategies are combined in the first scan to simplify the equivalence label resolving process. Secondly, a novel labelling method for the GPU is introduced by constructing a forest of rooted trees using only 16-bit value for each node. Thirdly, the whole algorithm can be implemented in the GPU shared memory and minimise global memory bandwidth consumption. Experiments show that the algorithm achieves a speedup of between two and five times compared to other state-of-the-art GPU and CPU CCL algorithms. - Author(s): S. Han and J. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1311 –1313
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2710
- Type: Article
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A two-stage duty amplifier (TDA)-based hybrid duty-cycle corrector (HDCC) circuit with a dual feedback loop is presented. The proposed TDA-based HDCC has improved loop stability and increased isolation as compared to other duty-cycle correctors (DCCs), resulting in a large duty-cycle correction range of up to ±30% over a wide frequency range of 0.5–2.0 GHz. It can also support a power-down mode with fast transition to active mode. The measured duty-cycle error is less than ±1.49% over an input duty-cycle range of 20–80% for 0.5–2.0 GHz. The HDCC is fabricated in a 0.18 µm CMOS process and occupies an area of only 0.043 mm2. - Author(s): J.-F. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1313 –1314
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2542
- Type: Article
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A new implicit type pulse triggered flip–flop design aimed at solving a common transistor stacking problem is presented. A pull-up transistor gating scheme is devised to avoid a bulky discharging path causing excessive power consumption. Via a bootstrap technique, the required gating pulse signal is obtained free from a modified delay inverter design. Circuit analyses and post-layout simulations are provided to prove the superiority of the design in terms of layout area and power–delay product. - Author(s): X. Wu and M. Steyaert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1314 –1316
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3122
- Type: Article
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The main fundamental limitation of the dynamic performance of digital-to-analogue converters is their dynamic output impedances. Detailed analysis of the output impedance is provided in this Letter. A new formula is proposed to reveal that the change of output impedance during the input codes switching is the real limitation factor. To reduce this output impedance variation, two possible solutions are suggested and analysed. - Author(s): Y.B. Nithin Kumar ; E. Bonizzoni ; A. Patra ; F. Maloberti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1316 –1317
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2532
- Type: Article
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A design technique for a double-delay based quadrature ΣΔ modulator is presented. The architecture uses a two-path scheme, which avoids mirror tones in the signal band and locks the intermediate frequency with the clock, thus avoiding the trimming requirement. The two-path architecture and time interleaving lead to an overall power reduction by a factor of 8.
Block-run-based connected component labelling algorithm for GPGPU using shared memory
Hybrid duty-cycle corrector circuit with dual feedback loop
Low-power pulse-triggered flip–flop design using gated pull-up control scheme
Output impedance analysis of digital-to-analogue converters
Two-path double delay line based bandpass quadrature ΣΔ modulator
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- Author(s): J.H. Kwon ; D.U. Shim ; S.I. Kwak ; H.D. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1317 –1319
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2207
- Type: Article
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A novel EBG-patterned P/G planes structure is proposed as a means of minimising the effects of a discontinuous reference plane as well as suppressing the propagation of noise. The performance of the proposed structure has been validated and investigated experimentally. - Author(s): E. Amador ; C. Lemoine ; P. Besnier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1319 –1320
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3180
- Type: Article
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The spatial correlation in a reverberation chamber as a function of either the wavelength or the displacement is discussed. It is shown that the results from simulations are consistent with theory when the wavelength is changed. However, when the receiver is moved in the reverberation chamber, the spatial correlation differs from theory.
Enhanced EBG-patterned PDN for suppressing power plane noises
Numerical study of spatial correlation in reverberation chamber
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- Author(s): S.-S. Wu ; Z.-S. Wei ; J.-F. Lu ; J.-Y. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1320 –1321
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2873
- Type: Article
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A novel supervised image feature extraction method, called local tensor rank one discriminant analysis (LTRODA) is proposed. LTRODA learns a series of rank one tensor projections with orthogonal constraints to produce compact features for images. To seek the optimal projections with prominent discriminative ability, LTRODA carries out local discriminant analysis. LTRODA is free from the matrix singularity problem owing to its trace difference based learning model, and a novel solving method ensures stability of the solution. Experimental results suggest that LTRODA provides a supervised image feature extraction approach of powerful pattern-revealing capability.
Image feature extraction via local tensor rank one discriminant analysis
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- Author(s): C. Liu ; T. Yang ; K. Huang ; W. Menzel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1321 –1323
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2803
- Type: Article
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A novel compact directional coupler based on planar artificial transmission lines is proposed. Interdigital capacitors are introduced to compensate for the odd-mode phase velocity in order to achieve a high directivity. The size of this proposed coupler is about 25% that of a conventional one. A 20 dB directional coupler at 900 MHz has been designed and fabricated. The directivity reaches 36 dB at the centre frequency. The design, simulation and measurements are presented. - Author(s): G. Avolio ; D. Schreurs ; A. Raffo ; G. Crupi ; I. Angelov ; G. Vannini ; B. Nauwelaers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1323 –1324
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2892
- Type: Article
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A new modelling approach which exploits only vector nonlinear measurements is described. The parameters of the I-V and Q-V nonlinear constitutive functions are identified by combining low- and high-frequency large-signal measurements with a numerical optimisation routine. Low-frequency dispersion manifesting in the I-V characteristics is also correctly accounted for. As a case study a gallium nitride HEMT on silicon carbide substrate is considered and very good agreement between measurements and simulation is achieved. - Author(s): M.-F. Huang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1325 –1326
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.1782
- Type: Article
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A discrete-time charge-domain filter (CDF) with wide bandwidth and high attenuation is proposed. By employing a charge buffer with timing control to move a sampled charge between capacitors, the CDF can reduce the number of pulses and select a decimation rate effectively. Measurement showed 13 MHz bandwidth and 88.86 dB attenuation in a 90 nm CMOS process. - Author(s): A.B. Kozyrev ; A.K. Mikhaylov ; S.V. Ptashnik ; S.V. Zinoviev ; P.K. Petrov ; N.M. Alford ; T. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1326 –1327
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3006
- Type: Article
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The electromechanical properties of multilayer microwave capacitance structures with two ferroelectric films in the paraelectric state are analysed. A film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) with about two times (approximately octave) resonance frequency switching is demonstrated. The switching phenomenon is due to the application of a unidirectional or oppositely directed DC control E-field to ferroelectric layers that results in the excitation of different acoustic eigenmodes in the resonator structure. - Author(s): H.-J. Yuan and Y. Fan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, page: 1328 –1328
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2671
- Type: Article
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A microstrip dual-band filter using a stepped-impedance resonator is proposed. The designed filter is centred at 1.68/2.99GHz. It can provide two passbands, one in the L-band and one in the S-band. The relative bandwidth of both bands were 3.27 and 2.85%. The size of the proposed filter is 52.2mm in width and 40mm in length. The filter achieved insertion loss of less than 1dB and return loss of greater than 20dB in each band. The isolation between these two passbands is better than 25dB from 1.96 to 2.59 GHz. The filter is analysed and designed by Sonnet software. It is shown that the theoretical analysis and simulated performances are in good agreement. - Author(s): S. Liang and W. Redman-White
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1328 –1330
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.1069
- Type: Article
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Two integrated bandpass filters have been designed and fabricated on standard 130 nm CMOS technology. The lumped element, third-order Butterworth bandpass filters at 9.45 and 1.75 GHz are designed for sub-band filtering in a spectrum monitoring receiver function in a future cognitive radio. A series coupled resonator topology is selected and a novel delta–star transformation technique is applied to obtain element values suitable for reliable fabrication on an integrated circuit. Occupying die areas of 780×200 µm and 1750×500 µm each, the filters achieve insertion losses of 15.6 and 8.6 dB, and bandwidths of 1 GHz and 210 MHz, respectively, which are suitable for the chosen spectrum monitor receiver architecture. - Author(s): W.J. Feng ; W.Q. Che ; T.F. Eibert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1330 –1331
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2658
- Type: Article
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An ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter based on transversal signal-interaction concepts is proposed. By cascading a planar Marchand balun and two transmission lines with different electrical lengths, a new UWB bandpass filter (fractional bandwidth 86–111.5%) with two transmission zeros close to the passband is realised. Good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results.
Compact capacitive compensated directional coupler using planar artificial transmission lines
Identification technique of FET model based on vector nonlinear measurements
Discrete-time charge-domain filter with charge buffer for flexible design of FIR filter
Electronically switchable bulk acoustic wave resonator based on paraelectric state ferroelectric films
Compact microstrip dual-band filter with stepped-impedance resonators
Transformed lumped element integrated passive bandpass filters for gigahertz range spectrum monitor receivers
Ultra-wideband bandpass filter based on transversal signal-interaction concepts
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- Author(s): Y.L. Tang ; W.Y. Liu ; C.Z. Peng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1332 –1333
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.1841
- Type: Article
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To improve the data rate in laser communication systems, a new modulation scheme, which uses the photon polarisation property, is proposed. Performance analysis and Monte-Carlo simulation are made, considering both non-turbulent and heavy-turbulent atmospheric conditions. The simulation results show that the data rate is twice as much as that of pulse-position modulation in a broad range of optical link efficiency. - Author(s): Q. Guo and A.V. Tran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1333 –1335
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2576
- Type: Article
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Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) causes significant power penalty in a centrally light-seeded wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON). In this reported work, the RBS noise in a WDM-PON based on a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) is successfully mitigated by means of noise predictive equalisation. Conventional equalisers are implemented at the receiver with an additional noise canceller that can estimate and reduce the reflection noise. It is experimentally demonstrated that the proposed equaliser enhances the reflection tolerance significantly at data rates of 2.5 and 10 Gbit/s to −8.5 and −16.5 dB, respectively. - Author(s): T. Fickenscher ; J. Holborn ; D.V. Thiel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1335 –1336
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2698
- Type: Article
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Effective short-distance communication of real-time data from sensors on the body of a competitive swimmer to a head-up display faces a number of environmental problems. Presented are the benefits of utilising IrDA transceivers for wireless optical underwater communications using timing jitter as a measure of the link performance looking at the impact of air bubbles and transmission through the water surface. A number of conclusions are drawn for improving the link performance without increasing the limited power budget of battery-driven devices.
Performance analysis of APD-based photon polarisation modulation system in turbulent atmosphere
Reduction of backscattering noise in 2.5 and 10 Gbit/s RSOA-based WDM-PON
Underwater wireless optical communication for swimmer feedback using IrDA transceiver
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- Author(s): S.-I. Kuroki ; S. Fujii ; K. Kotani ; T. Ito
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1336 –1338
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2854
- Type: Article
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Carrier transport in continuous-wave laser lateral-crystallised (CLC) poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs) has been investigated. Large Si grains formed by the laser crystallisation, enhanced electron mobility of the CLC poly-Si TFT. It was found that the effective electron mobility was free from grain boundary scattering and was mainly governed by phonon scattering; its variation, however, was governed by the number of grains in the channel region.
Carrier transport and its variation of laser-lateral-crystallised poly-Si TFTs
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- Author(s): J.C. Zhang ; L.J. Wang ; J.Y. Chen ; L.H. Zhao ; F.Q. Liu ; J.Q. Liu ; L. Li ; Z.G. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1338 –1339
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2988
- Type: Article
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Continuous-wave operation of a distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser emitting at around 4.6 µm grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy combined with metal organic vapour phase epitaxy is presented. These devices display an ultra-low threshold current density of 0.85 kA/cm2 at 30 °C. The low threshold characteristics resulted in continuous-wave operating temperature up to 100 °C for thermoelectrically cooled devices and room-temperature continuous-wave output power in excess of 8.5 mW for uncooled devices. - Author(s): N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; I.I. Novikov ; N.Yu. Gordeev ; M.V. Maximov ; Y.M. Shernyakov ; A.S. Pausov ; K. Posilovic ; T. Kettler ; D. Bimberg ; F. Bugge ; M. Weyers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1339 –1341
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3266
- Type: Article
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10.5 W pulsed optical power with ultra-narrow vertical beam divergence (full width at full maximum ∼1.1°) is achieved at 20 A pulsed current in a 1060 nm laser diode with as-cleaved facets (100 µm-wide and 3500 µm-long cavity). The lasing occurs through the tilted wave mode excited in the GaAs substrate. Temperature-stable operation at low threshold current densities is demonstrated. - Author(s): T. Hosoda ; G. Kipshidze ; L. Shterengas ; G. Belenky
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1341 –1343
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3268
- Type: Article
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Single spatial mode GaSb-based type-I quantum well diode lasers with 3 µm emission and continuous-wave output power above 15 mW at room temperature are reported. The devices with 5.5 µm-wide ridge waveguides were fabricated by selective wet etching technique.
Continuous-wave operation of distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser with ultra-low threshold current density
High-power edge-emitting laser diode with narrow vertical beam divergence
Single spatial mode 3 µm diode lasers with continuous-wave output power of 15 mW at room temperature
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- Author(s): B.M. Khan and G.S. Simin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1343 –1345
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2839
- Type: Article
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A method to compensate the field effect transistor (FET) channel third-order nonlinearity is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The FET channel current-voltage (I-V) characteristic is sublinear and hence the related nonlinearity can be compensated by adding the component with superlinear I-V. Such I-V can be realised by using Schottky-type contacts to the FET channel or by connecting the FET to external Schottky diodes. In this reported work, the criterion for nonlinearity compensation is derived. Next, as a proof of concept, a discrete prototype circuit containing a MOSFET and compensating circuit has been designed, built and tested. As confirmed by two-tone measurements, reduction of third-order distortions up to 26 dBm has been achieved by using the nonlinearity compensation network. - Author(s): F. Medjdoub ; M. Zegaoui ; N. Rolland
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1345 –1346
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3166
- Type: Article
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A report is presented on high-speed 100 nm AlN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on (111) high-resistive silicon substrate. The device delivers an extrinsic peak transconductance gm=530 mS/mm, a maximum current of 1.74 A/mm, and current gain and maximum oscillation cutoff frequencies of ft=103 GHz and fmax=162 GHz, which represent the highest cutoff frequencies for AlN/GaN HEMTs on silicon substrate. The results show the outstanding potential of this material system grown on silicon for low-cost high-power millimetre-wave applications.
Third-order nonlinearity compensation in field effect transistors
Beyond 100 GHz AlN/GaN HEMTs on silicon substrate
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- Author(s): M. Khurram and S.M.Rezaul Hasan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1346 –1348
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3025
- Type: Article
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A low-power noise-matched fully-differential common-gate (CG) low-noise amplifier (LNA) is presented for ultra-wideband (UWB) operating in the 3.1–10.6 GHz band. Performance was optimised by employing the transconductance ‘gm’-boosted CG LNA topology with series peaking along with an input noise matching network. A common source gm-boosting amplifier, in conjunction with an LC T-network, was used to share the bias current with the CG stage. The LNA was demonstrated using 130 nm CMOS process and consumed 7 mW from a 1 V supply. It exhibited an input return loss (S11) and an output return loss (S22) of −10.5 dB and −14 dB, respectively. Also, it achieved a forward power gain (S21) of 14.5 dB and a noise figure between 4.5 and 5.0 dB. - Author(s): Y. Li ; Z. Feng ; D. Xu ; Q. Zhang ; H. Tian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 24, p. 1348 –1349
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2819
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new coordinated multipoint transmission technique to optimise femtocell coverage as well as to eliminate interference between them, The performance of the proposed algorithm is analysed and evaluated.
Series peaked noise matched gm-boosted 3.1–10.6 GHz CG CMOS differential LNA for UWB WiMedia
Optimisation approach for femtocell networks using coordinated multipoint transmission technique
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