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1350-911X
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0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 47, Issue 23, 10 November 2011
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Volume 47, Issue 23
10 November 2011
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, page: 1254 –1254
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3367
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): Sang-Yeon Cho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, page: 1254 –1254
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3365
- Type: Article
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Dr Sang-Yeon Cho from New Mexico State University in the US talks about his research on plasmonics in his Letter ‘Hybrid plasmonic resonance for enhanced refractive index sensing’ on page 1294 co-authored with Jayson Briscoe. - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, page: 1255 –1255
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3361
- Type: Article
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A team from the Heinrich Hertz Institut (HHI) have created a wavelength selective phase modulation (WSPM) technique that allows the usual mechanical delay stages in a CW THz spectrometer to be replaced with complete fibre-coupled electro-optical phase modulators. The resulting THz spectrometer is compact, has no mechanical wear and is able to modulate the THz phase with high speed up to the GHz range.“The challenge was to find a concept for a wavelength selective phase modulation scheme in combination with a subsequent beat signal generation,” said Dennis Stanze, a researcher at HHI. “With our concept, CW THz spectrometers become fast without any drawback in stability and have more functionality than conventional CW THz spectrometers. That will bring CW THz systems from a lab technique with potential applications to real world use.” - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, page: 1256 –1256
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3362
- Type: Article
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The first zip-based antennas have been created by researchers at the University of Rennes in France. In their design the zip behaves like a monopole antenna and it can be tuned using the slider on the zip's metal teeth to define the length of the antenna and therefore the resonant frequency. The prototype demonstrates that it could be used in WiFi applications at 2.4–2.7 GHz.
Interview
A new phase for THz
Antennas zip it up
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- Author(s): Y. Li ; Z. Zhang ; J. Zheng ; Z. Feng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1259 –1260
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2548
- Type: Article
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A dual-polarised monopole-slot co-located MIMO antenna is proposed for 2.4 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The antenna consists of a monopole with its ground folded and a compact coplanar waveguide feed, providing the vertical and horizontal polarisations. The antenna is designed for a volume-limiting MIMO system due to its compact dimensions of 50×16×16 mm3 (0.4λ0×0.128λ0×0.128λ0) and high isolation better than −24 dB. The performance of the proposed antenna has also been measured, including the S-parameters, the radiation patterns and the gain, which agree well with the simulation results. - Author(s): S.M. Nair ; V.A. Shameena ; R. Dinesh ; P. Mohanan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1260 –1262
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2815
- Type: Article
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A high-efficiency and high-gain slotline fed directive dipole antenna for UWB communication and imaging application has been developed. The antenna offers a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of greater than 10 GHz starting from 3.1 GHz. This antenna offers an average gain of 8 dBi in the entire operating band. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna exhibits high gain and stable directive radiation patterns which are suitable for imaging applications - Author(s): D. Kurup ; W. Joseph ; E. Tanghe ; G. Vermeeren ; Luc Martens
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1262 –1263
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2858
- Type: Article
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Proposed for the first time is an in-body path loss model for homogeneous human muscle and head tissue that is independent of the antennas for in-body communication at 2.45 GHz. The path loss model obtained can be used to design in-body communication systems at 2.45 GHz. - Author(s): S. Jeon ; Y. Liu ; S. Ju ; H. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1263 –1265
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2843
- Type: Article
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A simple but efficient feed structure for achieving a wide-impedance bandwidth is proposed. The feed structure operating as a parallel resonance circuit can provide controllable resonance additionally in the conventional planar-inverted-F antenna (PIFA). It was verified that the modified PIFA incorporating the proposed feed fully covers Long Term Evolution (LTE) 13, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 850 and 900 bands under VSWR 3:1 with good radiation patterns. - Author(s): N. Haider ; D.P. Tran ; A.G. Roederer ; A.G. Yarovoy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1265 –1266
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2899
- Type: Article
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A concept for reconfigurable L/S band phased arrays with a frequency switchable antenna element is presented. It is demonstrated with full-wave simulations that the proposed array structure is suitable for a wide angle scan in both frequency bands. - Author(s): M. Mantash ; A.C. Tarot ; S. Collardey ; K. Mahdjoubi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1266 –1267
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2784
- Type: Article
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The design of a novel textile monopole antenna based on a zip at 2.5 GHz is presented. A prototype is manufactured and characterised based on return loss and radiation pattern. The bandwidth and radiation characteristics obtained make the zip antenna suitable to be used for WiFi applications in the band from 2.4 to 2.7 GHz.
Dual-polarised monopole-slot co-located MIMO antenna for small-volume terminals
Compact semicircular directive dipole antenna for UWB applications
Extraction of antenna gain from path loss model for in-body communication
PIFA with parallel resonance feed structure for wideband operation
Reconfigurable L/S band phased array
Wearable monopole zip antenna
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- Author(s): J. Ha ; K. Kwon ; J. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1267 –1269
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2999
- Type: Article
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An implantable zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) antenna is proposed. By using chip inductors, an epsilon negative ZOR was generated, while achieving an extremely compact antenna size. The antenna has the overall dimensions of 0.021λ0×0.017λ0×0.002λ0 at the Medical Implantable Communication Service (MICS) band (402–405 MHz) and the 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 2.2% ranging from 400 to 409 MHz. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed antenna is insensitive to the electrical properties of the human body by virtue of the ZOR phenomenon.
Compact zeroth-order resonance antenna for implantable biomedical service applications
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- Author(s): T.Y. Kim and J. Lyou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1269 –1270
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.1956
- Type: Article
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A commutation instant detection circuit has been designed and implemented for use in the sensorless drive of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The circuit consists simply of differential amplifiers and comparators, and detects the zero-crossing point of the back electromotive force difference. The circuit output is identical to that of the Hall sensor signal. - Author(s): P. Maffezzoni and S. Levantino
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1270 –1272
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2712
- Type: Article
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An efficient simulation method to compute the low-frequency noise spectrum found at the output of charge-pump phase-locked loops is described. It is investigated how such a noise component varies as a function of the division factor. - Author(s): P. Reviriego ; C.J. Bleakley ; J.A. Maestro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1272 –1273
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2922
- Type: Article
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A technique to protect finite impulse response (FIR) filters against soft errors is presented. The approach is based on the use of two copies of the FIR filter. In one of the copies, preprocessing of the input and a postprocessing of the output are added. In the event of a soft error, the outputs of the filters differ or mismatch for one or more samples. The additional processing introduced in the second copy of the filter ensures that the mismatch patterns are unique to each copy. Hence, the copy in error can be identified and the output of the other copy selected as the final error protected filter output. The proposed scheme can efficiently correct isolated soft errors at lower cost than general techniques, such as triple modular redundancy. - Author(s): H.J. Quaresma ; P.M. dos Santos ; A.C. Serra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1273 –1275
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2402
- Type: Article
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The effect of temperature on substrate coupling is reported for the first time. Modelling and experimental results are presented, showing a significant linear dependence of the substrate resistance with temperature in the range between 257 and 418 K. The observed decrease in substrate resistance at lower temperatures implies that the substrate noise coupling could be seriously underestimated if the temperature effect is not taken into account. These results reveal the importance of including the effects of temperature on the substrate resistance models for the correct modelling of the substrate noise coupling.
Commutation instant detector for sensorless drive of BLDC motor
Computing low-frequency noise in charge-pump phase-locked loops
Signal shaping dual modular redundancy for soft error tolerant finite impulse response filters
Impact of temperature on substrate coupling in low-doped substrate
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- Author(s): S.Y. Cho and H.R. Byun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1275 –1277
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2550
- Type: Article
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An efficient overlapping multi-feature descriptor and classification scheme for human activity recognition is introduced. The descriptor is constructed by overlapping global feature combinations of multi-frames using a Hankel matrix representation. The descriptor captures the local and temporal information while overcoming the limitations of global features using an overlapping combination scheme. In addition, a random forests classifier is used to cope with noise in the descriptor that can be obtained from no-activity frames in a video. Using this framework, it is shown that the approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods using the KTH dataset and a much more complex human interaction dataset. - Author(s): H. Kim ; E. Chang ; G. Hong ; G. Han ; J. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1277 –1278
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2684
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor (CIS) using the PD-storage dual capture (PDS-DC) method that can be applied to a 4-T active pixel sensor without any pixel modification. Dynamic range is increased by controlling the transfer gate during the integration time that is divided into two phases: long-exposure and short-exposure. The photon generated charges for both phases are stored in the photodiode (PD) while the excess charge is drained to VDD during the long-exposure. This feature allows variable dynamic range adjustment by controlling the exposure time ratio and bias voltage that determines the well-capacity during the long-exposure. The prototype sensor is fabricated using 0.13 µm CIS process. The major advantage of the proposed PDS-DC is that it provides complete correlated double sampling. Measurement results demonstrate variable wide dynamic range feature. The effects of process variation are also presented. - Author(s): C.-W. Seo and J.-K. Han
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1278 –1280
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2524
- Type: Article
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Weighted prediction and illumination compensation are key technologies for inter prediction in a video codec. They increase coding efficiency when the brightness of objects in a sequence fluctuates. Since most conventional methods compensate for illumination changes at slice-level, they are not effective to code general sequences which have no illumination change. Proposed is a pixel based illumination compensation (PBIC) scheme which is applied to the selected pixels adaptively. The optimal IC parameters are calculated considering characteristics of each block whereas parameters of the conventional schemes are optimised for a slice. From the simulation results, it is concluded that the proposed PBIC improves the coding efficiency of high efficiency video coding (HEVC).
Human activity recognition using overlapping multi-feature descriptor
PD-storage dual-capture variable wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor
Pixel based illumination compensation for inter prediction in HEVC
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- Author(s): K. Liu ; Y. Li ; Z. Xu ; F. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1280 –1281
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2728
- Type: Article
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A slot-optimised multichannel medium access control (SO-MMAC) protocol is proposed to resolve the multichannel hidden terminal problem and control channel (CCH) bottleneck problem for multihop ad hoc networks. It adjusts the relationship between the reservation slot (RS) on the CCH and the data packet transmission slot on the data channel (DCH) to achieve the best load balance and default collision-free DCH selection without establishing a channel state table, and then greatly enhances multiple access efficiency. A reservation scheme with minimum handshakes and RS and contention micro-slot backoff mechanisms is also proposed to effectively decrease control overhead and packet collisions. Simulation results show that SO-MMAC has better performance compared to the traditional MAC protocol.
Exploiting maximum performance of multichannel multiple access using half-duplex transceiver
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- Author(s): S.S. Gao and S. Sun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1281 –1283
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2879
- Type: Article
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A compact dual-mode balun bandpass filter with improved upper stopband performance is proposed by loading a quasi-T shaped open stub on a square ring resonator. By stretching the length of the loaded open stub, one of the second-order degenerate modes moves down quickly and builds up a dual-mode passband together with one of the first-order degenerate modes. Owing to the long electrical length of the open stub, more phase oscillations between the input and output ports are introduced, thus generating one more transmission zero above the passband. Measured results confirm both a good in-band filtering balun and improved upper-stopband performance. - Author(s): C.-L. Wu ; Y.H. Yun ; C. Yu ; K.K. O
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1283 –1284
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2998
- Type: Article
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A highly linear downconversion mixer is demonstrated in a digital 45 nm silicon on insulator (SOI) CMOS process. The mixer downconverts the radio frequency signal from 23–33 GHz to 12 GHz intermediate frequency. By using a multiple gated transistor (MGTR) technique and suppressing the large signals at twice of the LO frequency at the drain nodes of transconductors, the mixer achieves an input referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of 17 dBm, a conversion power gain of −0.5 dB, and a single side band noise figure of 12.1 dB at the radio frequency of 28 GHz. This is the first CMOS MGTR Gilbert mixer operating near millimetre-wave frequencies and fabricated using SOI MOS transistors with a floating body. - Author(s): M. Chudzik ; I. Arnedo ; A. Lujambio ; I. Arregui ; F. Teberio ; M.A.G. Laso ; T. Lopetegi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1284 –1286
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2156
- Type: Article
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A novel microstrip coupled-line directional coupler with enhanced coupling factor is proposed. It is based on the introduction of an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure on the coupled lines to strongly enhance the designed backward coupling. Accurate analytical expressions are obtained for the main design parameters of the coupler. A 3 dB EBG coupler has been designed, simulated and measured, demonstrating 6.4 dB improvement in the coupling level when compared to a classical coupled-line directional coupler. - Author(s): W.-J. Lu ; C. Cheng ; H.-B. Zhu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1286 –1287
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2900
- Type: Article
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A wideband transition between a coplanar waveguide (CPW) and an edges-even broadside-coupled stripline (EEBCS) is proposed. The simple transition is composed of a linear tapered line on the top layer and an electromagnetically-coupled Y-shaped stub on the bottom layer. A back-to-back, 50 Ω CPW to 100 Ω EEBCS transition is simulated, fabricated and measured. It is reported that a maximum insertion loss of 2.4 dB, a return loss better than −10 dB and average group delay of about 0.5 ns are obtained from 1.1 to 11.2 GHz for the transition. - Author(s): J.-Y. Shao ; S.-C. Huang ; Y.-H. Pang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1288 –1289
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2766
- Type: Article
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A Wilkinson power divider with improved out-of-band rejection is proposed. A fourth-order quasi-elliptic filter is used to replace each quarter-wavelength transformer in a conventional Wilkinson power divider for good passband selectivity. Additional transmission zeroes are created by using the 0° feeding structure to enhance the out-of-band rejection. A 2 GHz Wilkinson power divider incorporating quasi-elliptic filters with a fractional bandwidth of 5% has been fabricated. The measured results present 40 dB roll-off skirts at 2±0.12 GHz and validate the design concept.
Compact dual-mode balun bandpass filter with improved upper stopband performance
High linearity 23–33 GHz SOI CMOS downconversion double balanced mixer
Microstrip coupled-line directional coupler with enhanced coupling based on EBG concept
Wideband coplanar waveguide to edges-even broadside-coupled stripline transition
Wilkinson power divider incorporating quasi-elliptic filters for improved out-of-band rejection
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- Author(s): H.-S. Chen ; P.A. van den Boom ; A.M.J. Koonen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1289 –1290
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2823
- Type: Article
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80 Gbit/s error-free transmission over multimode fibre (MMF) based on two mode groups and two wavelengths is experimentally achieved through mode selective spatial filtering. The polarisation-maintaining properties of mode groups over short distance MMF are investigated in the test.
WDM 2×2 mode group division multiplexing system and investigation of polarisation division multiplexing
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- Author(s): J.H. Song
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1290 –1292
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2697
- Type: Article
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A novel accurate coupling tolerance modelling for a uniform grating coupler is presented and experimentally verified. The modelling is based on a modified overlap integral method using the combination of two Gaussian beams in the same axis. The tolerance modelling has been evaluated with a uniform grating coupler fabricated by standard CMOS technology with 248 nm lithography and compared with finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. The modelling results are compared with measured and FDTD-simulated data and good agreement is reported. - Author(s): D. Stanze ; T. Göbel ; R.J.B. Dietz ; B. Sartorius ; M. Schell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1292 –1294
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3004
- Type: Article
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In-fibre wavelength selective modulation of the optical phase enables the electro-optic control of the terahertz phase in continuous-wave photomixing terahertz systems without any free-space optics. Using a fully fibre-coupled terahertz setup, a coherent scan of a frequency range of 1.5 THz with 100 MHz resolution in less than 24 s is demonstrated. This sample rate of 1.6 ms/sample is more than 20 times faster than any previous broadband scans reported. - Author(s): J.L. Briscoe and S.Y. Cho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1294 –1295
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2981
- Type: Article
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Presented is a subwavelength surface plasmon polariton assisted resonant structure which supports a hybrid surface plasmon polariton Fabry-Pérot (SPP-FP)-like wave. The hybrid resonator combines both plasmonic and optical resonance, resulting in a refractive index sensitivity enhancement of approximately 168%. The existence of hybrid SPP-FP modes with highly enhanced surface sensitivity is experimentally demonstrated.
Fibre coupling tolerance modelling of uniform grating coupler on silicon on insulator
High-speed coherent CW terahertz spectrometer
Hybrid plasmonic resonance for enhanced refractive index sensing
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- Author(s): J. Jeong ; J. Kim ; G.J. Lee ; B.-D. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1295 –1297
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2024
- Type: Article
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The effects of back channel interfacial states (Nbit) that can be generated by passivation layer deposition for amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) by using an ATLAS 2D device simulator are analysed. As Nbit is increased, the positive shift of threshold voltage (VTH) is observed for thin and thick active layer TFTs due to the acceptor-like characteristics of interfacial states. However, as Nbit is further increased, the VTH shift of the thick active layer TFT is eventually saturated, while that of the thin active layer TFT is continuously increased. This is because the characteristics of the a-IGZO TFT with a thin active layer are strongly affected by Nbit, which can be used for optimising the performance of a-IGZO TFTs.
Numerical analysis of effects of back channel interfacial states on characteristics of amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors
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- Author(s): L.P. Luo ; P. Zhang ; G.C. Zhang ; J.Y. Qin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1297 –1298
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2231
- Type: Article
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A weighted energy detector and correlated-generalised likelihood ratio test detector are proposed for spectrum sensing assisted with correlated multiple antennas in cognitive radio. Simulations are presented to show that the detection performance of the proposed algorithms is improved significantly in the correlated antennas scenario. - Author(s): M. Nekoui and H. Pishro-Nik
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 23, p. 1299 –1300
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2897
- Type: Article
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This reported work addresses the throughput of an ALOHA-based Poisson-distributed multi-hop wireless network which is subject to a delay constraint in packet delivery. An exact expression and also a tight approximation are derived, based on the Central Limit Theorem, for the end-to-end multi-hop throughput. The result also determines the throughput-maximising number of relays to be used between each source-destination pair.
Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks with correlated multiple antennas
Throughput-optimal number of relays in delay-bounded multi-hop ALOHA networks
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