Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 46, Issue 7, 1 April 2010
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Volume 46, Issue 7
1 April 2010
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, page: 466 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9030
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): G. Temporão
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, page: 466 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9026
- Type: Article
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A new practical proposal for two-way quantum key distribution links is presented in this issue in ‘Passive switching scheme for two-way quantum key distribution setups’ on page 512. The author, Dr Guilherme Temporão from PUC-Rio in Brazil, tells us more. - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, page: 467 –467
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9027
- Type: Article
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Surface acoustic wave resonators for wireless battery-free sensing in harsh environments are under development by researchers at the University of Maine in the US. Their system, which uses frequency multiplexing for multiple-access, is designed for long term operation up to at least 900°C and could find significant application in space exploration, the energy sector, industrial environment, and oil and gas exploration. - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, page: 468 –468
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9029
- Type: Article
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As the feature size of CMOS technology scales down, reliability and robustness become increasingly important. Researchers from Zhejiang University in China are seeking nanoscale CMOS ESD protection solutions that will meet the demands of the advancing technology.
Interview
SAW sensors heat up
Guarding the gates
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- Author(s): A. Canabal ; P.M. Davulis ; G.M. Harris ; M. Pereira da Cunha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 471 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0462
- Type: Article
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A novel and simple frequency-domain wireless interrogation method for surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator sensors operating up to 850°C is presented. The method is based on directly measuring the scattering parameter S11 with a frequency-swept interrogating signal and extracting the group delay. Multiple resonators can be simultaneously addressed by frequency multiplexing the resonator responses. A new high-temperature SAW resonator capable of operating up to 1000°C has been used as a temperature sensor. The design uses the newly developed high-temperature Pt/Rh/ZrO2 thin-film electrodes and open-circuit gratings on langasite (LGS, La3Ga5SiO14). Reported is the first successful operation of a wireless SAW resonator at temperatures up to 850°C. The SAW resonator was exposed multiple times to 850°C, providing consistent performance.
High-temperature battery-free wireless microwave acoustic resonator sensor system
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- Author(s): R. Dickie ; R. Cahill ; N. Mitchell ; H. Gamble ; V. Fusco ; Y. Munro ; S. Rea
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 472 –474
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3462
- Type: Article
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The design, manufacture and performance of a frequency selective surface (FSS) which is required to operate simultaneously in the TE and TM planes at 45° incidence over the frequency range 173–671 GHz is presented. The FSS was designed to allow transmission of radiation over a 2% bandwidth centred at 664 GHz and reflect four channels centred at 448, 325, 243 and 183 GHz with a loss < 0.5 dB. The filter was formed from silicon on insulator material which was precision micromachined with an array of Jerusalem cross-slots and encapsulated with high conductivity silver. Experimental results yielded virtually identical spectral responses in the two polarisation planes with the electromagnetic performance exceeding the above specifications. - Author(s): A. Khoshniat ; H.S. Mopidevi ; B.A. Cetiner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 474 –475
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3108
- Type: Article
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The presented planar inverted F-antenna (PIFA) employs a combination of two bandwidth enhancement techniques – patch tapering and the T-shaped ground plane – in conjunction with a capacitive feeding mechanism. The resulting impedance bandwidth of this PIFA is about 35% and average gain is more than 4 dB within the United States (US) Public Safety (PS) band (700–900 MHz). The radiation pattern remains almost unchanged over this wide frequency range with good agreement between experimental and simulated results. - Author(s): Q. Yang ; X. Zhang ; X. Bai ; N. Wang ; Y. Wang ; J. Li ; X. Zhao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 475 –477
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2980
- Type: Article
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A four square loops antenna above a finite ground plane is investigated for circular polarisation and gain enhancement. By choosing proper perimeters of the two pairs of loops, the axial ratio (≤3 dB) bandwidth can reach 16%. It is demonstrated that a new pair of loops added to the original dual-loop can increase the gain to 11.6 dBic. A broadband balun is incorporated for impedance matching. The antenna performance is confirmed by experimental results. - Author(s): M.R. Hamid ; P.S. Hall ; P. Gardner ; F. Ghanem
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 477 –478
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0456
- Type: Article
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Presented is a new frequency switchable Vivaldi antenna that has a capability to operate in a wideband mode (1–3 GHz) and reconfigure to six different subbands of operations. The reconfiguration is realised by coupling and changing the effective electrical length of ring slots inserted in the structure by means of pin diode switches. To examine antenna performances, simulated and measured results are presented. Good impedance matches and radiation patterns have been achieved. The proposed antenna is suitable for wideband and multimode radio applications. - Author(s): E. Antonino-Daviu ; M. Gallo ; B. Bernardo-Clemente ; M. Ferrando-Bataller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 478 –480
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0262
- Type: Article
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A dual-fed slot ring antenna with improved ultra-wideband behaviour for diversity applications is presented. The geometry of the antenna and its radiation parameters are given, and the diversity performance in a multipath propagation channel is investigated in terms of envelope correlation coefficient using measurements. - Author(s): B. Rahmati and H.R. Hassani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 480 –481
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3351
- Type: Article
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A tunable dual notch planar plate monopole antenna operating over 3–16 GHz bandwidth is introduced. To create the notch, a modified U-slot is placed on the monopole plate. Owing to the narrow width of the modified U-slot several slots can be placed on top of each other to create multiple notch-bands over the antenna operating bandwidth. The results for an antenna with two modified U-slots are presented. By placing a small capacitor on each of the slots in a suitable position, it is shown that the centre frequency of each notch can be individually shifted downwards by up to 2 GHz, without changing the notch-bandwidths. Simulated as well as measured results are presented and compared.
664 GHz dual polarisation frequency selective surface
Broadband capacitively fed tapered type PIFA with modified ground plane
Four square loops antenna for circular polarisation and gain enhancement
Switchable filtering in Vivaldi antenna
Ultra-wideband slot ring antenna for diversity applications
Wideband planar plate monopole antenna with dual tunable notch
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- Author(s): A.H. Alomari ; A.V. Savkin ; P.J. Ayre ; E. Lim ; N.H. Lovell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 481 –483
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3028
- Type: Article
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A dynamical model for mean inlet pressure estimation in an implantable rotary blood pump is proposed. Noninvasive measurements of pump motor power (P), pulse width modulation, and impeller rotational speed (ω) were used as inputs to the model. Linear regression analysis between estimated and measured inlet pressures obtained from in vivo greyhound data (N=3) resulted in a highly significant correlation (R2=0.957) and a mean absolute error (e) of 2.292 mmHg. Furthermore, the proposed model was stable which allowed accurate study and estimation of the transient response and the dynamics of the pump inlet pressure (Pin). - Author(s): Y. Zhang ; J.J. Jiang ; A. Appel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 483 –484
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2989
- Type: Article
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A new application of high-speed imaging to measure spatiotemporal vibratory behaviours of a vocal fold scar is investigated in excised larynx experiments. Eigenmode analysis reveals that pathologically scarred vocal folds produce spatiotemporal asymmetry and spread energy across high-order eigenmodes. The global entropy of scarred vocal folds is statistically higher than the normal vocal folds. This study suggests that spatiotemporal analysis may provide a valuable tool for describing the spatiotemporal dynamics of vocal fold scars. - Author(s): T. Azetsu ; E. Uchino ; S. Furukawa ; N. Suetake ; T. Hiro ; M. Matsuzaki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 484 –486
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3454
- Type: Article
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In a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, the tissue characterisation of coronary plaque is very important. A novel method is proposed for the tissue characterisation of coronary plaque by using a sparse coding. In the proposed method, an intravascular ultrasound backscattered radiofrequency (RF) signal is coded by the sparse coding, and the code patterns are used for the classification of a target tissue. Experiments have been performed to classify the tissues of coronary plaque into fibrous or lipid tissue by using these RF signals, which are observed from a rabbit coronary artery. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by comparative studies with the conventional integrated backscatter analysis.
Sensorless estimation of inlet pressure in implantable rotary blood pump for heart failure patients
Spatiotemporal vibratory dynamics of vocal fold scar using high-speed digital imaging
Tissue characterisation of coronary plaques using sparse feature vectors
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- Author(s): A. Ahmed and J. Wight
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 486 –487
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3555
- Type: Article
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A correction to a previously published Q- and bandwidth-enhancing design technique using parasitic cancellation to obtain a high-Q active inductor operating at frequencies above 6 GHz using non-minimal-length CMOS technologies is presented. A measured inductance of 1.9 nH is acheived at 6.75 GHz with a Q of 38 occupying only 0.0026 mm2 silicon chip area. The active inductor is then used to obtain a narrowband output matching element for an LNA with its input unmatched in 130 nm CMOS technology. The input-unmatched inductorless LNA parameters measured at 6.7 GHz are: S21 12.8 dB, 3.5 GHz BW, NF 7.2 dB (with simulated NFmin of 3.3 dB) and S22 less than −20 dB, while consuming only 6.4 mW with a 1.2 V supply. The high NF can be easily reduced to NFmin with input matching. - Author(s): N. Fragoulis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 487 –488
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0112
- Type: Article
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A universal log-domain biquad is presented, which is able to deliver all types of frequency transfer functions such as lowpass, highpass, bandstop, bandpass, allpass, notch. The block is completely built from E-cells, is fully reconfigurable and electronically tunable.
6.7 GHz high-Q active inductor design using parasitic cancellation with process variation control
Universal log-domain biquad
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- Author(s): H.K. Rouf ; F. Costen ; S.G. Garcia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 489 –490
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0322
- Type: Article
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A new method modifying the frequency dependent alternating direction implicit finite difference time domain (FD-ADI-FDTD) is presented. The method can improve the accuracy of FD-ADI-FDTD without significant increase of computational costs. The proposed method is validated by numerical tests.
Reduction of numerical errors in frequency dependent ADI-FDTD
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- Author(s): L. Yan ; W.X. Jiang ; S.R. Lee ; C.Y. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 490 –492
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3527
- Type: Article
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Splitting touching objects in digital images is a special issue in image segmentation. Bai et al. introduced concave points and an ellipse-fitting-based algorithm, which used the relationship between the corresponding fitted ellipses of contour segments to combine them, which causes some problems. This splitting algorithm is improved to make use of the relationship between contour segments to merge them. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm is more accurate than the previous one. - Author(s): Y. Yang and Q. Dai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 492 –494
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3522
- Type: Article
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A perceptual quality assessment model for synthesised virtual images in practical free viewpoint video systems is presented. The model is based on contourlet and neighbouring references, and can be used for the case when the original reference and ground-truth geometric information are both absent. Subjective tests have been performed to determine the overall image quality. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other popular quality assessment models. - Author(s): D.-O. Kim and R.-H. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 494 –495
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3452
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new image quality metric using a dual-tree complex wavelet transform and compressive sensing (CS) that represents a sparse signal with a small number of measurements. Structural distortions in an image change both magnitude and phase in the complex domain. Sparse complex wavelet (CW) coefficients obtained from CW transform (CWT) can also reflect the structural distortion in an image. These CW coefficients can be obtained using the dual-tree CWT. If CW coefficients are measured via CS, the measurements impose the information of the image. Thus, the measurements are used for assessing the image quality by comparing measurements of the reference and distorted images. Experiments with the LIVE database show the effectiveness of the proposed method. - Author(s): M.A. Ferrer ; A. Morales ; J.B. Alonso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 495 –497
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2086
- Type: Article
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A hand profile characterisation approach for biometric identification with contactless hand image acquisition is evaluated. The approach models the shapes of fingers with Point Distribution Models (PDMs), which consist of a mean shape and a number of eigenvectors which describe the main modes of variation of the shape class. The weighted PDM eigenvectors that capture the variation between the input finger shapes and the averaged finger shapes are used as feature vectors. Classification is performed using a least squares support vector machine. Experiments using multiple hand databases demonstrated the advantage of using finger PDMs. - Author(s): L. Ma ; M.M. Crawford ; J.W. Tian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 497 –498
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2613
- Type: Article
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Providing the kernel function of the local tangent space alignment (LTSA) algorithm, the generalisation of both LTSA and supervised LTSA (SLTSA) is achieved. Moreover, using the generalised SLTSA (GSLTSA), a simplified classification algorithm is proposed for hyperspectral image data. Experimental results demonstrate that the generalisation method has good performance, and the GSLTSA is capable of exploiting the nonlinear properties of hyperspectral data to benefit the classification. - Author(s): C.A. Perez ; L.E. Castillo ; L.A. Cament ; P.A. Estévez ; C.M. Held
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 498 –500
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0363
- Type: Article
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Face detection and recognition depend strongly on illumination conditions. In this reported work, genetic algorithms are used to optimise parameters of the modified local normalisation and self-quotient image methods in cascade for illumination compensation to improve face recognition. The main novelty of the proposed method is that it applies to non-homogeneous as well as homogeneous illumination conditions. The results are compared to those of the best illumination compensation methods published in the literature, obtaining 100% recognition on faces with non-homogeneous illumination and significantly better results than other methods with homogeneous illumination.
Algorithm for splitting touching objects based on contour segments
Contourlet-based image quality assessment for synthesised virtual image
Evaluation of image quality using dual-tree complex wavelet transform and compressive sensing
Fingers shape biometric identification using Point Distribution Models
Generalised supervised local tangent space alignment for hyperspectral image classification
Genetic optimisation of illumination compensation methods in cascade for face recognition
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- Author(s): H. Cho ; Y. Chung ; D. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 500 –502
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2497
- Type: Article
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A guaranteed dynamic priority assignment scheme for multiple real-time streams with (m, k)-firm deadlines is presented. Analytical and experimental studies show that the proposed scheme provides assurance of timeliness performance and relatively high quality of service compared to existing schemes. - Author(s): B.M. Popovic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 502 –503
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3510
- Type: Article
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Closed-form expressions for the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of cyclically shifted Zadoff-Chu sequences of arbitrary length are presented. These expressions allow for a very efficient DFT implementation based only on the elements of the corresponding already generated basic (non-cyclically-shifted) ZC sequence. - Author(s): S. Changuel ; R. Le Bidan ; R. Pyndiah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 503 –505
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0411
- Type: Article
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Iterative decoding of product codes over the binary erasure channel is investigated. It is shown that belief propagation decoding combined with cyclic permutations yields near-capacity performance with low complexity for high-code-rate product codes constructed from two cyclic component codes.
Guaranteed dynamic priority assignment scheme for streams with (m, k)-firm deadlines
Efficient DFT of Zadoff-Chu sequences
Iterative decoding of product codes over binary erasure channel
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- Author(s): G.L. Dai ; Y.X. Guo ; M.Y. Xia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 505 –506
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2841
- Type: Article
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A compact planar bandpass filter with improved selectivity using source–load coupling is proposed. The new filter consists of quarter-wavelength resonators and short-ended feedlines. An extra transmission zero is produced near the passband owing to the source–load coupling, which can improve the skirt-selectivity of the filter, and quarter-wavelength resonators are used to enhance the rejection level around the second harmonic. Both simulated and measured results with good agreement are presented. - Author(s): J. Zhang ; S.W. Cheung ; T.I. Yuk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 506 –508
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3189
- Type: Article
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A technique is presented that uses a single composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) unit cell to design n-bit digital phase shifters with small sizes, high power-handling capacities, low insertion losses, and arbitrary phase-shift ranges and step sizes. A 3-bit phase shifter with an operating frequency band of 9–10 GHz has been designed and fabricated for study. - Author(s): J.A.G. Malherbe and C.A. Reid
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 508 –509
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0100
- Type: Article
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A simple wideband bandstop filter that yields equal ripples in both the pass- and the stopbands is described. The filter comprises only two resonant stubs and a connecting transmission line and has a transmission response almost identical to that of a third-order elliptic function filter. The practical bandwidth is limited to 130–160%. - Author(s): K.B. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 509 –511
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0501
- Type: Article
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A RF tunable dual-mode filter employing a BST (BaxSr1−xTiO3)-based ring resonator and a capacitor is proposed. BST thin film was deposited on TiO2/Si substrate and a TiO2 buffer layer grown by ALD (atomic layer deposition). The device with a BST varactor capacitance of 0.5 pF and 40% of tunability applied voltage of 40 V, and a tunable ring resonator frequency of 1.53–2.02 GHz with a bias of up to 40 V, has been realised. The fabricated bandpass filter has a centre frequency of 1.53 GHz and shows a tunability of approximately 20% with an applied voltage of 40 V. It also has a bandwidth of 74 MHz and shows a tunability of approximately 27% with an applied voltage of 40 V.
Design of compact bandpass filter with improved selectivity using source–load coupling
Design of n-bit digital phase shifter using single CRLH TL unit cell
Double resonant stub bandstop filter with pseudo-elliptic response
Tunable dual-mode filter using varactor and variable ring resonator on integrated BST/TiO2/Si substrate
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- Author(s): K. Hara ; S. Kimura ; H. Nakamura ; N. Yoshimoto ; H. Hadama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 511 –512
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3561
- Type: Article
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A new 10 Gbit/s class average-detection-type burst-mode limiting amplifier (LA) IC with SiGe BiCMOS technology has been developed. A burst-mode receiver using this LA IC can realise both a high-speed response and a high tolerance to consecutive identical digits. A settling time of less than 150 ns and a sensitivity of −29.8 dBm at a bit error rate of 10−3 with a 231−1 pseudorandom bit sequence was achieved. - Author(s): G.P. Temporão
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 512 –513
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0414
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A simple design for Bob in two-way quantum key distribution schemes that employs only passive linear optical components to perform the necessary switching operations is presented. It is shown that, for some specific protocols and/or practical qubit implementations, the losses in Bob's station can be made negligible, hence increasing the maximum distance for secret key generation.
Fast response and high CID tolerance burst-mode limiting amplifier for 10 Gbit/s-class PON systems
Passive switching scheme for two-way quantum key distribution setups
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- Author(s): S.H. Teh ; C.H. Heng ; A. Tay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 513 –515
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2724
- Type: Article
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An adaptive library-based device performance-driven optical proximity correction (OPC) framework for VLSI circuit design is presented. Conventional OPC compensates image distortion by modifying the masks such that final printed shapes resemble the drawn one. Such a mask is typically very complicated; in an earlier work, a device performance-based OPC (DPB-OPC) approach to mask design by matching the device's drive current is proposed which resulted in a simpler corrected mask. However, the iterative approach resulted in significant run-time. In this work, a library-based DPB-OPC approach is developed which makes use of standard cell libraries with pre-characterised DPB-OPC masks to reduce mask design run-time. Simulation using standard benchmark circuits demonstrated run-time reduction of up to 40 times. - Author(s): T. Song ; S. Kim ; K. Lim ; J. Laskar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 515 –516
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0079
- Type: Article
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A novel 10T-SRAM employing a fully-gated grounding scheme (10T-RGND) to limit a memory bitcell (MC) subthreshold leakage current (IOFF) in a 45 nm SOI technology is presented. The source voltage of the read-port of 10T-RGND is selectively grounded by a row decoder only when it is accessed, while those of inactive MCs are forced to a supply voltage (VDD). The number of stackable MCs per bitline (BL) of 10-RGND is increased by 10×, 40%, and 3.5× compared to the conventional 6T, the leakage current-compensating 8T (8T-LC), and the conventional 10T, respectively, at 1.0 V, 125°C, and fast corner process. The total leakage current of 10T-RGND is 6% less than 8T-LC, 17% less than 10T, but 22% larger than 6T in simulation. - Author(s): Y.V. Pershin and M. Di Ventra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 517 –518
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2830
- Type: Article
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Electronic circuits with memristors (resistors with memory) that operate as memcapacitors (capacitors with memory) and meminductors (inductors with memory) are proposed. Using a memristor emulator, the suggested circuits have been built and their operation has been demonstrated, showing a useful and interesting connection between the three memory elements. - Author(s): B. Song ; Y. Han ; M. Li ; S. Dong ; W. Guo ; D. Huang ; F. Ma ; M. Miao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 518 –520
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0205
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A novel substrate-triggered grounded-gate NMOS (GGNMOS) is verified in 65 nm CMOS silicide process. The trigger element is a PMOS controlled by the VDD bus line and no other detection circuit is needed. Compared to traditional GGNMOS, with a 50 µm trigger PMOS, the trigger voltage of the single finger structure can be reduced from 7.15 to 4.97 V and it also has lower overshoot voltage. Also the ultrathin gate oxide can be effectively protected, which is very important in nanometre circuits. For the multi-finger structure, with a 30 µm trigger PMOS the proposed structure showed a 15.9% reduction in trigger voltage and a 13.5% increment as to failure current compared to traditional GGNMOS. - Author(s): D. Biolek ; Z. Biolek ; V. Biolkova
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 520 –522
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0358
- Type: Article
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A methodology for SPICE modelling of a memcapacitor is described. The model is compounded of the submodel of the state-space system, representing the memory effect of the device, which depends on the concrete physical implementation of the device, and of a capacitor, the capacitance of which is controlled by the system state. The basic fingerprints of the memcapacitor are demonstrated in the example of a charge-controlled memcapacitor.
Adaptive library-based device performance-driven optical proximity correction
Fully-gated ground 10T-SRAM bitcell in 45 nm SOI technology
Memristive circuits simulate memcapacitors and meminductors
Substrate-triggered GGNMOS in 65 nm CMOS process for ESD application
SPICE modelling of memcapacitor
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- Author(s): J. Klamkin ; R.K. Huang ; J.J. Plant ; M.K. Connors ; L.J. Missaggia ; W. Loh ; G.M. Smith ; K.G. Ray ; F.J. O'Donnell ; J.P. Donnelly ; P.W. Juodawlkis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 522 –523
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0035
- Type: Article
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A slab-coupled optical waveguide laser (SCOWL) is simultaneously wavelength stabilised with a fibre Bragg grating and characterised under a narrow pulse and high repetition rate direct modulation scheme that is suitable for efficient pulse position modulation format optical communication systems. The SCOWL exhibits a large, nearly circular, singlemode that couples efficiently to optical fibre. With a pulse width of 35 ns and a repetition rate of 2.5 MHz, a peak fibre-coupled output power of 1.6 W is achieved for a wavelength stabilised 965 nm SCOWL. - Author(s): T. Földes ; P. Čermák ; J. Rakovský ; M. Macko ; J. Krištof ; P. Veis ; P. Macko
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 523 –525
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2360
- Type: Article
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Continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy using an electronically switched telecom distributed feedback laser module is demonstrated. By adding a compensation waveform current to the step-function switched laser current the laser wavelength stabilisation time is reduced to about 4 ms corresponding to a 200 Hz utmost ring-down transient repetition rate. - Author(s): P. Morin ; B. Kibler ; J. Fatome ; C. Finot ; G. Millot
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 525 –526
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2959
- Type: Article
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The spectral dependence of the group modal birefringence in a highly birefringent nonlinear photonic crystal fibre is studied both numerically and experimentally. The sign inversion and the cancellation of the group modal birefringence in the telecommunication window is demonstrated. Two simple experimental techniques are used to evaluate the wavelength of zero polarisation mode dispersion. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations based on vectorial beam propagation method simulations. - Author(s): D.G. Kim ; G.Y. Oh ; H.J. Kim ; S.H. Kim ; H.C. Ki ; H.J. Ko ; M.S. Han ; S. Hann ; T.U. Kim ; J.W. Lim ; H.J. Kim ; Y.W. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 527 –528
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3536
- Type: Article
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A novel triangular resonator with a long evanescent field around the critical angle has been analysed and demonstrated for the first time. The sensitivity of the resonance shift used for changing the refractive index of 1×10−5 at the incidence angle of 18° is 1.04×10−7 nm/RIU for transverse magnetic polarised light. An extinction ratio of 6 dB was observed near 1550 nm, where the incidence angle of the total internal reflection mirror inside the resonator was 18°. - Author(s): W. Zhang ; L. Wang ; L. Li ; J. Liu ; F.-Q. Liu ; Z. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 528 –529
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0554
- Type: Article
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A tapered distributed feedback quantum cascade laser emitting at λ∼8.1 µm is reported. Utilising a tapered waveguide structure with a surface metal grating, the device exhibited singlemode operation over the temperature range of 100 to 214 K, with sidemode suppression ratio >20 dB and a nearly diffraction limited far-field beam divergence angle of 5.4°.
Directly modulated narrowband slab-coupled optical waveguide laser
Electronic DFB laser switching for continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Group birefringence cancellation in highly birefringent photonic crystal fibre at telecommunication wavelengths
Sensitivity of triangular resonator with long evanescent field around critical angle
Small-divergence singlemode emitting tapered distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers
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- Author(s): X.-C. Xie and Y.-H. Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 529 –531
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2850
- Type: Article
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A compressive sensing (CS) based method for ISAR imaging with a stepped-frequency chirp signal (SFCS) is presented. It is outlined that by using the CS technique, the data rate has been remarkably reduced in bandwidth synthesis processing for SFCS to achieve a high range resolution. Imaging results of a moving train demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. - Author(s): J. Zhang ; L.R. Zhang ; Z.W. Yang ; N. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 531 –533
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2672
- Type: Article
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A novel signal subspace reconstruction method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is proposed. The developed method realises signal subspace resconstruction by the eigendecomposition of two low dimension matrixes. It provides lower computational complexity and fewer training samples compared to the full DOF method. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
High-resolution imaging of moving train by ground-based radar with compressive sensing
Signal subspace reconstruction method of MIMO radar
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- Author(s): A. Chaćon-Rodríguez ; P. Julián ; F. Masson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 533 –534
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2669
- Type: Article
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A fast low power time delay estimator for the localisation of impulsive sounds is shown. The system is based on a simplified Kalman filter structure and is implemented on a 0.5 µm standard CMOS architecture. Tests show that the circuit is faster than equivalent systems, and that its energy requirements are lower than the best results reported so far.
Fast and low power integrated circuit for impulsive sound localisation using Kalman filter approach
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- Author(s): B. Wu ; Y. Shang ; H. Xiang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 534 –536
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2604
- Type: Article
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Proposed is an effective approach to suppress noise interference in wireless communications, the expanded time-frequency (ETF-) OFDM system with joint time-frequency spreading. However, in this system, the orthogonality of the spreading code can be destroyed by multipath fading. Developed is a scheme that employs a zero-forcing equaliser at the receiver and assigns spreading codes at the transmitter for this system. Simulation results show that the ETF-OFDM system with the proposed scheme can take advantage of multipath fading to boost performance. - Author(s): J. Xia and T. Lv
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 536 –537
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3518
- Type: Article
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A novel combining scheme based on the Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) is presented. The proposed Dempster-Shafer combining (DSC) uniquely assigns ‘mass’ to a set consisting of the adjacent constellation points instead of probability to characterise uncertainties in decision-making, and then transfers the masses to the corresponding ‘belief interval’. Taking advantage of multiple information sources, more reliable decision statistics can be achieved by reducing the belief interval. It is beneficial to initially assume that the transmitted signal is included in a set containing diverse decision candidates, because it lacks convincing evidence to make an unambiguous decision directly. Uncertainties processing of the proposed DSC makes it possible for DSC to outperform the conventional maximal-ratio combining. - Author(s): G.N. Tavares
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 537 –539
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0189
- Type: Article
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A new expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the Hoyt (Nakagami-q) distribution is derived. Its evaluation requires only a single numerical integration and its form is particularly well-suited for numerical computation by a Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature (GCQ). This quadrature is analysed and an upper bound on the absolute error is given. As example results to demonstrate the GCQ method's simplicity and efficiency, the computation of the Hoyt CDF and of the outage probability in Hoyt fading channels are presented. - Author(s): S.K. Hong and J.-M. Chung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 7, p. 539 –541
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2908
- Type: Article
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A network coding based hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) scheme is proposed for mobile relay systems. The simulation results of the relay system using a 1/2 recursive systematic convolution code over binary phase shift keying show that the proposed scheme provides a definite improvement in throughput performance compared to existing relay-based HARQ (relay-HARQ) schemes.
Combined equalisation and code assignment for expanded time-frequency OFDM system
DST-based combining scheme outperforms maximal-ratio combining
Efficient computation of Hoyt cumulative distribution function
Network-coding-based hybrid ARQ scheme for mobile relay networks
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