Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 46, Issue 25, 9 December 2010
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Volume 46, Issue 25
9 December 2010
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, page: 1638 –1638
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9143
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, page: 1638 –1638
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9145
- Type: Article
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A simple and cheap tactile breast self-examination system that can be used in a ubiquitous healthcare environment has been demonstrated by a team at Seoul National University in Korea. Consisting of a palm-sized wireless scanning probe, a web camera and PC software, it is able to display the location of any lumps in the breast, and define if an abnormality exists. This system can help to overcome the difficulties in tactile perception and subjective interpretation that untrained women currently face in self-examination, and its low cost and portability make it suitable for widespread use in the home. - Author(s): Nader Behdad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1639 –1640
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9144
- Type: Article
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The world's first antenna that mimics the hearing mechanism of insects has been unveiled by researchers at the University of Wisconsin in the US. Dr Nader Behdad tells us more. - Author(s): Benoit Charbonnier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, page: 1640 –1640
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9142
- Type: Article
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Dr Benoit Charbonnier from France Télécom talks about his research and the motivations for the development of the ‘Reflective polarisation independent Mach-Zehnder modulator for FDMA/OFDMA PON’ presented on page 1682.
A self-scan system
Inside View
Interview
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- Author(s): K.-J. Lee ; D.-J. Woo ; T.-K. Lee ; J.W. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1643 –1644
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.8342
- Type: Article
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A technique of generating a circularly polarised wave by reflection type is presented using a coaxial-to-waveguide adapter. The adapter consists of a polarisation twisting section and a phase-delay section for the generation of circular polarisation in the circular waveguide. The design and the implementation of the adapter demonstrate the advantage of significant size reduction and the possibility to overcome the weight concern problems in waveguide systems. - Author(s): W. Hu ; Y.Z. Yin ; X. Yang ; X.S. Ren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1644 –1645
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3008
- Type: Article
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A novel compact printed antenna design with a h-shaped stub for dual-band operation is presented. The proposed antenna is simply composed of a h-shaped stub resonator and a monopole radiator. The special asymmetry h-shaped stub extended from the ground can achieve a new resonance as well as reduced antenna size. Based on this concept, a prototype of the dual-band antenna has been designed, fabricated and tested. Experimental results show the antenna covers 2.36–2.58 and 4.53–6.38 GHz with 10 dB return loss, covering the desired bandwidths of WLAN and C-band applications. - Author(s): M. Dawood ; H.U.R. Mohammed ; A.V. Alejos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1645 –1647
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.1630
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a simple technique to analyse Brillouin precursor waveforms propagating through a dispersive medium at microwave frequencies. The technique has been successfully used in modelling these precursors through 10 cm deep normal tap water using the experimental S-parameter data collected with a vector network analyser from 100 MHz to 2.5 GHz. The proposed technique is general enough to be applied on pulses of any type and shape and at any carrier frequency, within the constraints given by the bandwidth covered during the measurement stage. The pulse under consideration can be reconstructed using the software algorithms applied on the measured data, thereby simplifying the hardware needed to conduct the experiments. - Author(s): W. Tang and Y. Zhou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1647 –1648
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3043
- Type: Article
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A frequency invariant power pattern is synthesised, based on the weighted least-squares criterion. An auxiliary function is introduced to transform the nonlinear synthesis problem into a linear one. The phases of the desired pattern are calculated by the simulated annealing technique, and the weighting function is iteratively modified to achieve a desired power pattern. - Author(s): M.R. Hamid ; P.S. Hall ; P. Gardner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1648 –1650
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2941
- Type: Article
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A novel reconfigurable low profile log periodic patch array is presented. The patches are fed with a modulated meander line through aperture slots. A wideband mode from 7–10 GHz and three selected narrow band modes at 7.1, 8.2, and 9.4 GHz are demonstrated. The wideband to narrow band reconfiguration is realised by bridging the slot aperture, effectively deactivating the corresponding radiating element. Potentially the proposed method offers a very fine control of a narrow passband. Measured and simulated results with very good agreement are presented, thus verifying the proposed concept.
Coaxial-to-waveguide adapter generating circularly polarised wave
Compact printed antenna with h-shaped stub for dual-band operation
Experimental detection of Brillouin precursors through tap water at microwave frequencies
Frequency invariant power pattern synthesis for arbitrary arrays via simulated annealing
Frequency reconfigurable log periodic patch array
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- Author(s): N. Behdad ; M. Al-Joumayly ; M. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1650 –1651
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.8034
- Type: Article
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Many insects possess acute directional hearing capabilities and are able to localise a sound source of interest with a good degree of precision. An analogy can be drawn between the hearing mechanisms of such insects and a two-element, electrically small antenna array. Presented is a biomimetic electrically small antenna array that mimics the hearing mechanism of an insect with hyperacute directional hearing capability. A prototype of such an antenna has been fabricated and its simulated and measured results are presented. Such biomimetic antenna arrays could be used in numerous applications ranging from miniaturised RF sensors and direction finding systems to small aperture, high-resolution microwave imaging systems and radars.
Biomimetic electrically small antennas
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- Author(s): J. Ryu ; M.S. Heo ; H.C. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1651 –1653
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2711
- Type: Article
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A simple tactile imaging system for detecting possible breast lumps is proposed. The breast cancer detection system (BCDS) consists of a palm-sized, portable, wireless scanning probe with a nine-force sensor array, a web camera, and a PC program to display the location and stiffness of hard breast lesions based on tactile pressure profiles. The results of performance evaluation tests using various breast phantoms demonstrated that palpable abnormalities larger than 5 mm located at depths less than 25 mm can be detected accurately. It is expected that this low-priced BCDS will extensively benefit all adults and ubiquitous healthcare services who apply regular breast self-examination by providing remote magnified palpation with enhanced tactile sensitivity.
Development of portable breast self-examination device using enhanced tactile feedback
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- Author(s): K.-H. Cheng ; K.-W. Hong ; Y.-L. Lo ; C.-L. Wu ; C.-H. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1653 –1655
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2872
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a dynamic frequency tracking and phase error compensation clock de-skew buffer (CDSB) to reduce the clock skew between the input and output clocks of a chip. The proposed CDSB tracks the dynamic frequency in two clock cycles. Also, the CDSB utilises a fine tune circuit which is based on a cyclic rotation algorithm to compensate for the dynamic phase error. Measured results show that the operating frequencies of the CDSB are from 200 to 450 MHz. Also, the CDSB tracks the dynamic frequency in two clock cycles. The power consumption, RMS jitter, and peak-to-peak jitter of the CDSB are 9.71 mW, 2.7 ps, and 31.3 ps at 450 MHz. - Author(s): L. Hernández and E. Prefasi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1655 –1656
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.8604
- Type: Article
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A new sigma delta (ΣΔ) modulator suitable for ultra-low power data converters is introduced. The proposed architecture is based on time encoding and quantisation using voltage controlled delays such as digital inverters. The delays together with a phase comparator implement a synchronous pulse width modulator (PWM) and a discrete time integrator. An additional analogue integrator provides second-order noise shaping and compensates the nonlinearity of the digital delay. Time quantisation of the two-level PWM signal allows implementing a multibit modulator without requiring linear multibit DACs. - Author(s): J.-H. Jung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1656 –1658
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2546
- Type: Article
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A data reduction method of sine look-up tables for low-end microprocessors which have small memory capacity and low process speed is proposed. The proposed method is composed of an encoded sine look-up table (LUT), a linear interpolation technique, and an effective decoding algorithm. The data reduction method minimises the usage of the memory capacity for the sine LUT. It can support low-end microprocessor applications such as single-phase inverter, UPS, direct digital frequency synthesis, etc. - Author(s): E.C. Teixeira ; F.V. Santos ; A.C. Mesquita
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1658 –1659
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2351
- Type: Article
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A new active pixel sensor (APS) circuit architecture with increased signal range is proposed. This feature contributes to improvement of the dynamic range of the imager, since it is effectively a way to increase the full well capacity, which is reduced as pixel pitch decreases. The proposed solution does not degrade the fill factor, and can be applied to most existing CMOS APS pixels. The new readout topology is described and experimental results for a 64×64 3T photodiode pixel array are given. - Author(s): Y.-H. Moon and C.-H. Youn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1659 –1661
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2554
- Type: Article
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Presented is a new state-tracking migration policy which is adaptively integrated with immediate restart and selective preemption techniques for risk-resilient job allocation in high-throughput computing environments. The proposed approach guarantees the maximum reduction of inevitable delays with relatively low migration costs. Simulation results show that the integrated migration policy averagely outperforms the conventional mechanisms by 26% in makespan and 33% in throughput, respectively, under various job's burstiness. - Author(s): D.K. Upadhyay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1661 –1662
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2113
- Type: Article
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Novel designs of recursive wideband digital differentiators are presented. These designs are obtained by the optimisation of magnitude response and the analysis of pole-zero plot. The beauty of these designs is that they are only of second order and have not more than 2% relative error in magnitude responses over wideband with different phase responses, thus being suitable for real-time applications.
Dynamic frequency tracking and phase error compensation clock de-skew buffer
Continuous time ΣΔ modulator based on digital delay loop and time quantisation
Data reduction method of sine look-up tables in microprocessor's memory storage
High fill factor CMOS APS sensor with extended output range
Integrated approach towards adaptive state-tracking job migration for maximising performance benefit
Recursive wideband digital differentiators
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- Author(s): W.W. Shao ; Z.H. Feng ; J.W. Xu ; C.L. Pan ; Y.B. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1662 –1663
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.8141
- Type: Article
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A new method to heighten the power density of piezoelectric transformers based on heat transfer is presented. The common grounded surface of a piezoelectric plate transformer was closely contacted to an extra smooth copper surface through which the heat can be well dissipated by an aluminium radiator. Although the contact interface may produce additional friction heat, the experimental results show that the mechanism gives excellent performance. The prototype transformer could maintain a power density of 135 W/cm3 with an efficiency of 90.8% for a long working time.
Radiator heightens power density of piezoelectric transformers
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- Author(s): J.-C. Chiang and C.-Y. Hu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1663 –1665
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2796
- Type: Article
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Multimedia applications are ubiquitous in daily life. To satisfy multiple requests equipped with different devices and bandwidths, scalable video coding has been developed. However, it is difficult to realise spatial and quality scalabilities in practice owing to the increased coding complexity brought by inter-layer prediction. A novel fast mode decision algorithm for spatial scalable video coding is proposed in which macroblock modes in the base layer and the enhancement layer are predicted from each other. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides up to 74% of time saving with ignorable quality degradation and acceptable bit rate increase. - Author(s): J. Ferrer and R. Garcia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1665 –1666
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2455
- Type: Article
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Stereo triangulation lays at the basis of 3D scene recovery and it is used in a wide variety of areas ranging from urban modelling to robot localisation and mapping. However, triangulation produces non-Gaussian 3D estimates from Gaussian image measurements owing to its nonlinear nature. While previous work demonstrates the presence of statistical bias and how to correct the depth estimate, in this presented report, proposed and proven in a Monte Carlo test, is an enhancement for correcting the full 3D position given the image projection noise variance. - Author(s): G.Y. Zhang ; G.Z. Liu ; H. Zhu ; B. Qiu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1666 –1668
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2962
- Type: Article
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A new thresholding algorithm based on two neighbourhoods and Otsu's method is proposed. For each pixel, its two neighbourhoods are chosen by image and object sizes. The thresholds of neighbourhoods are optimised by Otsu's method, and then every pixel is binarised through the minimum of thresholds. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves thresholding performance efficiently, especially for multi-object and uneven lighting images. - Author(s): K. Choi and E.S. Jang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1668 –1669
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2437
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a scaled zero coefficient-aware fast inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) algorithm that substantially outperforms the existing fixed-point 8×8 IDCT standard. The concept of the fixed-point approximation with accurate dyadic terms is applied to the zero coefficient-aware IDCT algorithm, improving the computational complexity of the authors' previous work. The experimental results show that the running time of the proposed scaled zero coefficient-ware algorithm is faster than that of the fixed-point 8×8 IDCT standard by a speed-up factor of 2.0 times on average and up to 2.6 times for the HD sequences.
Fast mode decision algorithm for spatial scalable video coding
Bias reduction for stereo triangulation
Ore image thresholding using bi-neighbourhood Otsu's approach
Scaled zero coefficient-aware IDCT algorithm for fast video decoding
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- Author(s): X. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1669 –1671
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2777
- Type: Article
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The intrinsic relations between multivariate distributions and their marginal distributions can be clearly characterised by copulas. The bivariate Rayleigh and bivariate log-normal distributions play important roles in both signal processing and digital communications. In this reported work, the formula of bivariate Rayleigh copula is improved and the formula of bivariate log-normal copula is derived. These formulas are in terms of the Marcum Q-function or the Gaussian Q-function, both being supported by Matlab. Thus the copula evaluation process can be expedited both analytically and numerically. - Author(s): M. Miller and J.P. Fonseka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1671 –1673
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2663
- Type: Article
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Multi-interval line coding (MILC) is considered with higher-order signalling. A simple recursive method to calculate the maximum number of valid MILC waveforms for any order of signalling is presented. Following the introduced recursive method, attractive higher-order MILC schemes are found. Properties of 3-ary and 4-ary MILC schemes are listed. MILC schemes that can increase the data rate by 25–40% over known PAM signals are reported. - Author(s): N. Gu ; W. Yu ; D. Creighton ; S. Nahavandi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1673 –1674
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3026
- Type: Article
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A family of generalised constant modulus algorithms (GCMAs) based on the norm of complex variables was recently proposed. However, the optimal norm and step size of GCMAs have not been derived owing to the complexity of the proposed cost function. The steady-state mean square error (MSE) of a class of GCMAs under non-stationary environments is now given in a closed form. The optimal norm and step size can be derived to minimise the steady-state MSE with this closed form. Numerical simulations confirm the superior performance of the optimal norm and step size. - Author(s): X. Rui ; J. Hou ; L. Zhou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1674 –1676
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2750
- Type: Article
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A two-hop cooperative communication network with full-duplex relaying and relay selection is addressed. Closed-form expressions for average capacity and symbol error rate are derived in an independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading environment. Using these expressions, performance analysis and the impact of interference between relay output and input are provided. - Author(s): S. Bouguezel ; M.O. Ahmad ; M.N.S. Swamy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1676 –1677
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2818
- Type: Article
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A novel sequency-ordered discrete Hartley transform (SO-DHT) of an arbitrary length is proposed by introducing a systematic ordering of the rows of the DHT matrix, so that the resulting transform matrix has the sign changes of its entries similar to that of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) matrix. The experiments carried out show that the shape of the spectrum of the new SO-DHT is very similar to that of the DCT, especially from the point of view of energy compaction. - Author(s): P. Reviriego ; C.J. Bleakley ; J.A. Maestro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1677 –1679
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2653
- Type: Article
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A very-low-complexity concurrent error detection technique for filters implemented in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform and the overlap-add method is presented. The proposed approach checks the first or last sample of every output block by comparing it with the equivalent value calculated in the time domain. The check requires only one additional multiplication per output block. Thus, the computational complexity of the check is negligible. It is shown that the method is capable of detecting a significant percentage of errors.
Copulas of bivariate Rayleigh and log-normal distributions
Higher-order multi-interval line coding
Selecting optimal norm and step size of generalised constant modulus algorithms under non-stationary environments
On the performance of full-duplex relaying with relay selection
Sequency-ordered discrete Hartley transform
Very-low-complexity concurrent error detection for transform-based filters
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- Author(s): F. Wei ; L. Xu ; X.-W. Shi ; B. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1679 –1680
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2963
- Type: Article
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An ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with two sharply rejected notch bands based on a folded stepped impedance resonator (SIR) is investigated. The proposed UWB BPF comprises four folded shunt quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs, and two coupled SIRs with metallised via holes to ground. The SIRs are studied and employed to generate the desired two notched bands. The predicted results are compared with measured data and good agreement is reported.
Compact UWB bandpass filter with two notch bands based on folded SIR
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- Author(s): B. Dai ; Z. Gao ; X. Wang ; N. Kataoka ; N. Wada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1680 –1682
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3061
- Type: Article
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In this reported work, differential detection to eavesdrop the encoded information in the temporal phase coding code-shift-keying OCDMA system, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Differential detection can be used to distinguish the discrepancy in the two encoded signals. - Author(s): B. Charbonnier ; N. Brochier ; P. Chanclou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1682 –1683
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.8613
- Type: Article
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Presented is a Mach-Zehnder based subsystem allowing polarisation independent reflective carrier suppressed optical modulation for application in frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) passive optical networks (PONs). This type of shared access technique requires the use of a coherent uplink receiver in the Central Office (CO). The proposed subsystem also acts as a Faraday mirror allowing simplification of the coherent receiver by removing the need for polarisation diversity. With this setup, a data rate better than 7.5 Gbit/s is experimentally demonstrated over a class B+ PON budget using discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation.
Demonstration of differential detection on attacking code-shift-keying OCDMA system
Reflective polarisation independent Mach-Zenhder modulator for FDMA/OFDMA PON
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- Author(s): R. Kou ; K. Yamada ; T. Tsuchizawa ; T. Watanabe ; S. Park ; H. Nishi ; H. Shinojima ; Y. Ishikawa ; K. Wada ; S. Itabashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1683 –1685
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2759
- Type: Article
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Fast optical power equalisation using a monolithic integrated germanium photodetector and a silicon variable optical attenuator on a compact silicon photonic platform is demonstrated. With an external electronic feedback circuit, the output power of the device is stabilised within a residual deviation of 2.7 dB for 22 dB input power variation. For a surge pulse, a sudden input power increase of over 16 dB can be suppressed within 50 ns for a 3 dB recovery. - Author(s): S. Sakr ; Y. Kotsar ; S. Haddadi ; M. Tchernycheva ; L. Vivien ; I. Sarigiannidou ; N. Isac ; E. Monroy ; F.H. Julien
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1685 –1686
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2181
- Type: Article
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Demonstrated is a GaN/Al(Ga)N quantum cascade detector operating at room temperature with a peak detection wavelength of 1.5 µm, which is the shortest value ever reported for such a device in any material system. The −3 dB detection spectral range spans from 1.37 to 1.57 µm wavelength. The calibrated peak responsivity for TM-polarised light is measured to be around 15 V/W at room temperature. - Author(s): G. Nava ; P. Minzioni ; I. Cristiani ; A.C. Busacca ; L. Curcio ; S. Stivala ; G. Assanto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1686 –1688
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2561
- Type: Article
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A frequency shifting device is fabricated and tested in a ferroelectric waveguide in a low-photorefractivity crystal. Periodic poling for quasi-phase-matching and channels for operation in the near-infrared C-band were obtained in congruent lithium tantalate, demonstrating for the first time both wave confinement and two-stage parametric conversion in such waveguides. - Author(s): K.A. Shore
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1688 –1689
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2535
- Type: Article
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Analytical approximations for the direct-current modulation bandwidth are obtained which highlight the deleterious effect of enhanced modal refractive index on the resonance frequency of metal-clad nanolasers. The concomitant utilisation of Purcell cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission is shown, in principle, to compromise achievable modulation bandwidths further. Using simplified forms for the modulation bandwidth, estimates are made which suggest significant impact on the achievable dynamical response of such lasers. The presented analysis may assist in the design of semiconductor nanolasers.
Fast-response, wide-dynamic-range optical equalisation based on silicon photonic platform
GaN-based quantum cascade photodetector with 1.5 µm peak detection wavelength
Integrated frequency shifter in periodically poled lithium tantalate waveguide
Modulation bandwidth of metal-clad semiconductor nanolasers with cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission
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- Author(s): C.K. Lee ; P.K.W. Chan ; S.W. Or
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1689 –1691
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2515
- Type: Article
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Piezoelectric energy harvesting generally employs a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme in the DC-to-DC converter in order to continuously track to the maximum power point (MPP) voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). Owing to the high power consumption of the MPPT-based control circuit, the efficiency of the converter remains at an essentially low level. Proposed is a loosely power flow (LPF) control scheme to intermittently operate the converter near the MPP voltage of the PEH. Experimental verification on a 22 µW PEH prototype finds that the power consumption of the LPF-based control circuit is as low as the quiescent power of the converter and the efficiency of the converter is as high as 56%. - Author(s): H.-J. Chae ; H.-T. Moon ; J.-Y. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1691 –1692
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2710
- Type: Article
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A new on-board charger for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is presented. It has a cascade structure of a high-frequency resonant converter with a variable structure according to the line voltage for electrical isolation and a boost converter for charge control and harmonic regulation of input current. This structure uses small link capacitors so that high-voltage electrolytic capacitors prohibited in automotive applications can be removed. The feasibility of the proposed charger has been verified with a 3 kW prototype.
Loosely power flow control scheme for piezoelectric energy harvesting
On-board battery charger for PHEV without high-voltage electrolytic capacitor
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- Author(s): M.L. Yang ; B.X. Chen ; X.Y. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1692 –1694
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2306
- Type: Article
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A novel conjugate ESPRIT (C-ESPRIT) algorithm is proposed to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) and direction of departure (DOD) for bistatic MIMO radar. It employs the properties of noncircular signals to construct a new virtual array first, the virtual antenna number of which is twice that of the MIMO virtual array. It then exploits the rotational invariance property of the new virtual array to estimate DOAs and DODs of multiple targets through ESPRIT which are paired automatically in a new way. This algorithm can provide more precise angle estimation and can detect more targets than well-known classical subspace methods. Simulation results validate these conclusions.
Conjugate ESPRIT algorithm for bistatic MIMO radar
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- Author(s): F. Xue ; A. Jiang ; H. Zhao ; Y. Chen ; Y. Wang ; F. Zhou ; J. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1694 –1695
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2960
- Type: Article
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Deep-submicron In0.7Ga0.3As buried-channel MOSFETs with various gate lengths down to 40 nm are demonstrated. In0.7Ga0.3As buried-channel MOSFETs were fabricated on an epitaxial wafer using an InP/In0.52Al0.48As double barrier. The device characteristics were analysed, including subthreshold swing, transconductance and drive current. Good scaling behaviour was observed for these III–V MOSFETs. For a 40 nm gate length device, the VT roll-off is around 100 mV, the subthreshold swing is 132 mV/dec and DIBL is 214 mV/V.
Scaling properties of In0.7Ga0.3As buried-channel MOSFETs with atomic layer deposited gate dielectric
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- Author(s): V.N. Ivanović ; N. Radović ; S. Jovanovski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1696 –1697
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2718
- Type: Article
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A two-dimensional (2D) optimal filter for highly nonstationary 2D signal estimation is developed. It is based on the real-time results of space/spatial-frequency (S/SF) analysis, on the correspondence of the filter's region of support (FRS) to the signal's local frequency (LF) and on the real-time LF estimation algorithm, proposed here. The filter permits multiple FRS detection in the observed 2D signal point, enabling very efficient real-time filtering of nonstationary multicomponent FM signals, highly concentrated in the S/SF space and exposed to the high white noise. - Author(s): Y. Liu and Q. Wan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1697 –1699
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.8730
- Type: Article
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A sparse beam pattern constraint could suppress the sidelobe of the minimum variance distortionless response beamformer. But the array gains of the practical beam pattern are not in standard sparse distribution but dense in the mainlobe and sparse in the sidelobes. To improve performance, while revising the sparse constraint only on the sidelobe, a total variation minimisation of the whole beam pattern is incorporated to encourage large array gains accumulated in the mainlobe and small trivial array gains gathered in the sidelobes. Simulations demonstrate that performance enhancement is considerable for its lower sidelobe level and deeper nulling for interference, while robustness against the steering angle mismatch is maintained.
Real-time design of space/spatial-frequency optimal filter
Robust beamformer based on total variation minimisation and sparse-constraint
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- Author(s): D.-H. Kim ; D. Kim ; J.-C. Kim ; J.-C. Park ; C.-D. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1699 –1700
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2238
- Type: Article
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A novel selectable low- and bandpass filter for 2.4 GHz wireless communication systems is proposed and realised by low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The proposed filter consists of a lowpass filter (LPF), a bandpass filter (BPF), and a common matching network, which are fully embedded in the LTCC substrate. The suggested idea is that the filter can be selectively chosen and operated as either a 2 GHz LPF or a 2 GHz BPF, respectively, by simply making one of the output ports to be shorted to ground. The size of the fabricated filter is 2.3×2.3×0.44 mm. Insertion losses are less than 1.2 and 0.87 dB in BPF and LPF mode, respectively. The measured result of the implemented filter is in sufficiently good agreement with the simulated result. - Author(s): R.-T. Juang ; K.-P. Yar ; H.-P. Lin ; D.-B. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, p. 1700 –1702
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.8981
- Type: Article
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Based on XOR coding, proposed is a proactive broadcasting for wireless broadcast systems where multiple faulty packets can be rectified at the cost of transmitting an additional coded packet. Since it greatly outstrips the conventional one in terms of BER performance, the proposed scheme can aggressively allocate the transmission rate to compensate for its throughput penalty. Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms its conventional counterpart for about 5 dB SNR at a target BER of 10−3 for an OFDM system.
Design of selectable low- and bandpass filter for 2.4 GHz applications
Wireless broadcasting using XOR coding
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- Author(s): Z. Mao ; G. Shou ; Y. Hu ; Z. Guo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, page: 1702 –1702
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9146
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): T. Anand ; V. Chaturvedi ; B. Amrutur
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, page: 1702 –1702
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9147
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): Y. Ding ; D.I. Nikitichev ; I. Krestnikov ; D. Livshits ; M.A. Cataluna ; E.U. Rafailov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 25, page: 1702 –1702
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9148
- Type: Article
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Erratum for ‘Design of multipliers for GF(2m)’
Erratum for ‘Energy efficient asymmetric binary search switching technique for SAR ADC’
Erratum for ‘Quantum-dot external-cavity passively modelocked laser with high peak power and pulse energy’
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