Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 45, Issue 15, 16 July 2009
Volumes & issues:
-
Volume 59 (2023)
-
Volume 58 (2022)
-
Volume 57 (2021)
-
Volume 56 (2020)
-
Volume 55 (2019)
-
Volume 54 (2018)
-
Volume 53 (2017)
-
Volume 52 (2016)
-
Volume 51 (2015)
-
Volume 50 (2014)
-
Volume 49 (2013)
-
Volume 48 (2012)
-
Volume 47 (2011)
-
Volume 46 (2010)
-
Volume 45 (2009)
-
Volume 44 (2008)
-
Volume 43 (2007)
-
Volume 42 (2006)
-
Volume 41 (2005)
-
Volume 40 (2004)
-
Volume 39 (2003)
-
Volume 38 (2002)
-
Volume 37 (2001)
-
Volume 36 (2000)
-
Volume 35 (1999)
-
Volume 34 (1998)
-
Volume 33 (1997)
-
Volume 32 (1996)
-
Volume 31 (1995)
-
Volume 30 (1994)
-
Volume 29 (1993)
-
Volume 28 (1992)
-
Volume 27 (1991)
-
Volume 26 (1990)
-
Volume 25 (1989)
-
Volume 24 (1988)
-
Volume 23 (1987)
-
Volume 22 (1986)
-
Volume 21 (1985)
-
Volume 20 (1984)
-
Volume 19 (1983)
-
Volume 18 (1982)
-
Volume 17 (1981)
-
Volume 16 (1980)
-
Volume 15 (1979)
-
Volume 14 (1978)
-
Volume 13 (1977)
-
Volume 12 (1976)
-
Volume 11 (1975)
-
Volume 10 (1974)
-
Volume 9 (1973)
-
Volume 8 (1972)
-
Volume 7 (1971)
-
Volume 6 (1970)
-
Volume 5 (1969)
-
Volume 4 (1968)
-
Volume 3 (1967)
-
Volume 2 (1966)
-
Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 45, Issue 15
16 July 2009
-
- Author(s): A. Patrovsky and K. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 765 –766
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0788
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
765
–766
(2)
The hybrid integration of a dielectric antenna together with an MMIC low-noise amplifier in a 60 GHz front-end is presented. It is demonstrated how a low-loss substrate integrated dielectric antenna can efficiently be interconnected at miniature scale with the coplanar waveguide input of the MMIC. The experimentally obtained return loss is better than 11 dB from 55 to 65 GHz. Transmission path loss measurements of a wireless link confirm the low-loss potential of this approach for millimetre-wave front-ends. - Author(s): S. Zhou ; J. Guo ; Y. Huang ; Q. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 766 –768
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1040
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
766
–768
(3)
A broadband dual frequency sleeve monopole antenna for application in digital television (DTV) systems and global system for mobile communications (GSM) is presented. A parasitic inverted L-shaped strip and dual planar sleeve structure are introduced in the back ground plane for expanding the frequency band. The simulated and measured results show that the impedance bandwidth covers the DTV (470–862 MHz) band and GSM (824–960 and 1710–2170 MHz) band with VSWR less than 2.5. An omnidirectional radiation property is also shown. - Author(s): I.J. Garcia Zuazola and J.C. Batchelor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 768 –769
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1236
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
768
–769
(2)
A small volume multiband planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with an electrically unconnected multi-strip ground plane is presented. The proposed antenna is low cost and easily fabricated, operates over a wide range of mobile communication standards with 3.57:1 and 2.32:1 VSWR at 0.89–2.48 and 3.1–10.6 GHz, respectively. - Author(s): J. Anguera ; A. Camps ; A. Andújar ; C. Puente
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 770 –771
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0887
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
770
–771
(2)
A novel handset antenna consisting of two small antennas is proposed to mitigate finger loading effects. Both antennas are excited with a different phase in order to maximise the bandwidth. A phantom hand has been used to perform the experiments. It demonstrates how the finger affects the radiation behaviour for three particular positions of the finger over the antenna area. Experimental results feature a wider input impedance bandwidth and a higher degree of immunity to finger loading effects when compared with a single-element approach. - Author(s): S. Zhang ; J. Xiong ; S. He
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 771 –773
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1349
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
771
–773
(3)
A two-PIFA antenna system for diversity/MIMO applications is designed with a narrow inter-PIFA spacing of only 3 mm (less than 0.024 wavelength). The proposed antenna system can cover the WLAN band (2.4–2.48 GHz) with an isolation of better than −20 dB and a maximum isolation of −37.1 dB at the central frequency. The mechanism is explained. The measured peak efficiency and gain, and the calculated envelope correlation coefficient are 75.02%, 3.48 dBi and 0.11, respectively. - Author(s): H. Rhyu ; J. Byun ; F.J. Harackiewicz ; M.-J. Park ; K. Jung ; D. Kim ; N. Kim ; T. Kim ; B. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 773 –774
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1530
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
773
–774
(2)
A compact hybrid antenna consisting of two PIFAs and a slot antenna is proposed for ultra-thin mobile phone applications. The antenna has a very compact volume of 46×10×4.2 mm3, and it operates at GSM 850/900, DCS, PCS, and UMTS bands, simultaneously. Results show that its bandwidth and efficiency are sufficient for these penta-band mobile phone applications. - Author(s): Y. Saito ; J.R. Mruk ; J.M. Rollin ; D.S. Filipović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 775 –776
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1170
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
775
–776
(2)
An over two octaves wideband rectangular coaxial line fed log-periodic antenna is introduced. The feed line configuration consists of a three-step quarter-wave impedance transformer designed for matching 160 Ω nominal antenna impedance to 50 Ω. The transformer (feeder) is monolithically integrated with the antenna by a sequential surface micromachining process known as PolyStrata™. Measurements and simulations have shown a VSWR <2:1 from X- through Q-band.
Active 60 GHz front-end with integrated dielectric antenna
Broadband dual frequency sleeve monopole antenna for DTV/GSM applications
Compact multiband PIFA type antenna
Enhancing robustness of handset antennas to finger loading effects
MIMO antenna system of two closely-positioned PIFAs with high isolation
Multi-band hybrid antenna for ultra-thin mobile phone applications
X- through Q-band log-periodic antenna with monolithically integrated μ-coaxial impedance transformer/feeder
-
- Author(s): T.J. Houlahan ; C.P. Marsh ; S.-J. Park ; B.C. Masters ; J.G. Eden
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 776 –778
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0386
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
776
–778
(3)
Enhanced electron emission has been observed from lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) surfaces into which arrays of microcavities have been fabricated by nanopowder blasting. Arrays of microcavities, each having an elliptical cross-sectional geometry with major and minor axis lengths of 800 and 600 µm, respectively, and depths adjustable from 40 to 300 µm, exhibit a pronounced dependence of the emitter electron current on microcavity depth. For electric field strengths at the emitter surface of ∼5–12 V/µm, the RMS current density generated by an array of 250 µm-deep microcavities with a packing density of 214±2 cm−2 ranges from ∼3 mA cm−2 to beyond 8 mA cm−2, or more than a factor of five larger than that produced from a planar PZT surface.
Microcavity-enhanced electron emission from lead zirconate-titanate cathodes
-
- Author(s): A. Dehbaoui ; V. Lomne ; P. Maurine ; L. Torres
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 778 –780
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0342
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
778
–780
(3)
Introduced is a technique to localise data-dependent electromagnetic emanations among the overall circuit emanations. Locating areas characterised by data-dependent electromagnetic emissions is particularly interesting to localise specific digital blocks such as cryptographic co-processors among the noise emanations generated by the rest of the circuit. It is also interesting to efficiently position small magnetic loops used to perform differential or correlation electromagnetic analysis.
Magnitude squared incoherence EM analysis for integrated cryptographic module localisation
-
- Author(s): V. Gruev ; Z. Yang ; J. Van der Spiegel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 780 –781
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0979
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
780
–781
(2)
An image sensor comprising an array of 128 by 50 super pixels, column parallel current conveyors and global difference double sampling (DDS) unit is presented. The super pixel consists of: a reset transistor, a readout transistor, four transfer transistors and four photodiodes. The photo pixel address switch is placed outside the pixel, effectively implementing 1.5 transistors per pixel using a sharing scheme of the readout and reset transistor. The column FPN of 0.43% from saturated level and SNR of 43.9 dB is measured. The total power consumption is 5 mW at 30 frame/s. - Author(s): W.G. Zhang ; F. Liu ; L.C. Jiao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 781 –783
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1591
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
781
–783
(3)
Bilateral filtering (BF) can realise both smoothing images and preserving edges, whereas its filtering results are always influenced since its two parameters are difficult to configure to the optimum. In this reported work, the application of BF is extended to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image despeckling, and the despeckling evaluation indexes, including the equivalent number of looks and the edge save index, are used to estimate the parameters. After BF with estimated parameters imposed on a normalised SAR image, further processing can achieve both despeckling and edge preservation simultaneously. Experimental results show that the visual quality and evaluation indexes of the proposed algorithm outperform the classical Lee filtering.
Low-power reduced transistor image sensor
SAR image despeckling via bilateral filtering
-
- Author(s): L. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 783 –785
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1333
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
783
–785
(3)
The effects are investigated of delayed feedback on the system achievable rate (AR) of a multi-user diversity multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system over uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels in a general framework allowing for arbitrary numbers of transmit/receive antennas and various spatial combining schemes. Exact AR expressions are derived for different MIMO schemes, including the selective combining, maximum ratio combining and space-time block codes. Numerical results are presented to examine the validity of the theory. - Author(s): I.A.I. Al-Naib and K.H. Sayidmarie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 785 –786
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0108
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
785
–786
(2)
Proposed is a new technique based on the Prony algorithm that utilises amplitude-only data to estimate relative delays and amplitudes of the multipath rays. The use of amplitude-only data instead of complex data in the estimation process reduces the complexity and cost of the data measurement and acquisition systems. The theoretical analysis is validated by computer simulation and experimental measurement. Prediction of the different parameters showed very good agreement with actual values. - Author(s): J. Zhang ; T.Y. Zhang ; J.X. Huang ; R.P. Yuan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 786 –788
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1543
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
786
–788
(3)
The asymptotic performance analysis is presented for selective fixed decode-and-forward (DF) cooperation over independent but not identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels. A tractable closed-form average bit error probability expression is derived at the high signal-to-noise ratio region. The presented expression is quite simple and general for cooperative systems with an arbitrary number of DF relays and fading environment with arbitrary values of severity parameters m≥0.5.
Achievable rate of MIMO systems with multi-user diversity and delayed feedback
Prediction of channel parameters from amplitude-only data using Prony algorithm
Selective decode-and-forward cooperation over Nakagami-m fading channels
-
- Author(s): O.B. Jensen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 788 –789
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0900
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
788
–789
(2)
The use of external feedback to stabilise the frequency of a tapered laser during current pulsing is reported. Using this technique more than 20 W of peak power in 60 ns pulses from the tapered laser is obtained and owing to the external feedback, the laser is tunable in the 778–808 nm range. The spectral width of the tapered laser is significantly narrowed compared to the freely running laser.
Wavelength stabilisation during current pulsing of tapered laser
-
- Author(s): J. He ; B.-Z. Wang ; W. Shao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 789 –791
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0303
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
789
–791
(3)
Compact power dividers embedded with LCL and CLC units are presented. Compared with the LCL type power divider, the CLC type power divider not only occupies less area, but has high harmonic suppression performance over a wide band. The design is validated both by simulation and by measurement. - Author(s): X. Guan ; Y. Jin ; C. Nguyen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 791 –792
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1102
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
791
–792
(2)
A CMOS distributed amplifier incorporating on-chip patterned ground shield (PGS) spiral inductors has been developed using a standard low-cost 0.25 µm CMOS process. Measured results show that this distributed amplifier has an average gain of 7 dB, return loss of more than 10 dB, and noise figure between 4.1–6.1 dB across DC 11 GHz. The amplifier occupies a small chip area of only 1.2×0.8 mm2, including RF pads. These represent the best results for 0.25 µm CMOS distributed amplifiers and demonstrate that miniaturisation and high performance can be achieved for CMOS distributed amplifiers and other wideband RFICs by implementing on-chip PGS inductors. - Author(s): K.W. Eccleston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 792 –794
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1041
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
792
–794
(3)
A Doherty amplifier that combines four transistors is proposed. Two transistors are operated in class-B and are interleaved with another two operated in class-C. The interleaved transistors are driven by a travelling-wave feed and their output currents are combined using a single distributed power combiner. - Author(s): Y.S. Noh ; D.P. Chang ; I.B. Yom
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 794 –795
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0251
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
794
–795
(2)
A new active bias scheme for GaAs HEMT high-power amplifier (HPA) MMICs is proposed that compensates variation of gate threshold voltage and temperature. The quiescent currents of the amplifier were estimated within ±0.7% when the threshold voltage varied from −0.3 to 0.3 V. Also, the measured quiescent currents were increased with temperature, providing compensation of temperature variations. A Ku-band HPA, using 0.5 µm GaAs pHEMT processes, was fabricated to demonstrate the suggested bias topology. - Author(s): J.-D. Park and A.M. Niknejad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 795 –797
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0522
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
795
–797
(3)
A compact ladder-shaped electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit is presented for millimetre-wave integrated circuits (ICs) in CMOS technology. Multiple shorted shunt stubs form a ladder network together with series stubs as ESD protection that discharges current/voltage pulses caused by an ESD event, while at the same time the network is embedded as part of the matching circuit for a normal operation. A 60 GHz low-noise amplifier using a 90 nm CMOS process is demonstrated with the proposed ESD protection methodology that introduces less than 1 dB insertion loss. Owing to the ESD current distribution through multiple shorted stubs, the proposed methodology is useful to millimetre-wave ICs with advanced CMOS technology that suffers from higher sheet resistance of the metal layers.
Compact power dividers embedded with LCL and CLC units
Design of high-performance compact CMOS distributed amplifiers with on-chip patterned ground shield inductors
Four-transistor interleaved Doherty amplifier
Ku-band high-power amplifier MMIC with on-chip gate biasing circuit
Ladder-shaped network for ESD protection of millimetre-wave CMOS ICs
-
- Author(s): Y. Liang ; F. Shu ; S. Berber ; Q. Zhang ; Z. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 797 –798
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0158
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
797
–798
(2)
A low-complexity detection scheme consisting of a sphere decoder and a parallel interference cancellation (PIC) equaliser is proposed for OFDM systems in doubly-selective fading channels. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this detection scheme substantially improves the symbol error rate performance of OFDM systems compared with the traditional PIC equaliser while requiring lower complexity at moderate and high signal-to-noise ratios.
Low-complexity sphere decoding for detection of OFDM systems in doubly-selective fading channels
-
- Author(s): N.J. Baker ; M.A.F. Roelens ; S. Madden ; B. Luther-Davies ; C.M. de Sterke ; B.J. Eggleton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 799 –800
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1463
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
799
–800
(2)
The conversion of a 3.9 ps optical pulse into a train of six 450 fs pulses within a 37 mm length of a highly nonlinear chalcogenide (As2S3) waveguide Bragg grating is reported. Here, the initial pulse develops into a sixth-order soliton and is split into its six fundamental solitons through soliton fission. The very large optical nonlinearity and strong photosensitivity of As2S3 enables the use of pulses that are 25×shorter than in previous experiments, and have 500×less energy. The results are compared to numerical modelling using the nonlinear coupled mode equations and find satisfactory agreement between experiment and theory after accounting for imperfections observed in the grating.
Pulse train generation by soliton fission in highly nonlinear chalcogenide (As2S3) waveguide Bragg grating
-
- Author(s): R.P. Giddings ; X.Q. Jin ; H.H. Kee ; X.L. Yang ; J.M. Tang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 800 –802
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1060
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
800
–802
(3)
Real-time optical OFDM transceivers are successfully demonstrated for the first time, which support 1.5 Gbit/s transmission over 500 m 62.5/125 µm multimode fibres in an intensity-modulation and direct-detection system involving a directly modulated DFB laser. The implemented transceivers only use standard commercially available components.
Real-time implementation of optical OFDM transmitters and receivers for practical end-to-end optical transmission systems
-
- Author(s): N. Saadsaoud ; M. Zegaoui ; D. Decoster ; E. Dogheche ; X. Wallart ; J. Chazelas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 802 –803
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0696
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
802
–803
(2)
Thermally induced index variations as high as 0.1 were recorded in InP/GaAsInP1.15/InP waveguide Schottky diodes for 1 W/mm electrical power per electrode length. Pulse response characterisation showed almost 700 ns response time for 1 µs square pulses under forward biased conditions (I=20 mA, V=300 mV). - Author(s): J.P. Carmo ; L.M. Goncalves ; J.H. Correia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 803 –805
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.1452
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
803
–805
(3)
Improved microstructures based on thin-films of n-type bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and p-type antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) to convert temperature differences in electricity are presented. The microstructures are obtained by thin-film deposition, applying the co-evaporation method to the bismuth/antimony and telluride materials. Measurements demonstrated the superior thermoelectric features of the obtained films when compared with the most recent thermoelectric thin-film deposition. Measurements show that the deposited films present thermoelectric properties comparable to those reported for the same materials in bulk form, as is the case of the materials used in conventional macro-scale Peltier modules. The absolute values of the Seebeck coefficient are in the range 150–250 µVK−1 and the in-plane electrical resistivity is in the 7–15 µΩm range. Measurements for the Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films also show figures of merit at room temperatures of 0.84 and 0.5, and power factors of 4.87 and 2.81 mWK−2 m−1, respectively. These microstructures are used for the fabrication of thermoelectric microgenerators to supply stand-alone microsystems with power consumption that ranges from cents of µW to a few mW.
High thermally induced index variations with short response time in InP/GaInAsP/InP waveguide Schottky diodes
Improved p- and n-type thin-film microstructures for thermoelectricity
-
- Author(s): Z. He ; A. Cichocki ; S. Xie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 15, p. 805 –806
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.0635
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
805
–806
(2)
There has been a growing interest in Tucker3 analysis recently. One of the biggest challenges in Tucker3 analysis is the model selection problem: how to choose the number of components in each mode of an observed tensor. An alternative Tucker3 model selection approach is developed based on principal component analysis (PCA) for this problem. It is computationally efficient and straightforward to implement. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by experiment.
Efficient method for Tucker3 model selection
Most viewed content for this Journal
Article
content/journals/el
Journal
5
Most cited content for this Journal
-
Extreme multistability in a memristive circuit
- Author(s): Bo-Cheng Bao ; Quan Xu ; Han Bao ; Mo Chen
- Type: Article
-
Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
- Author(s): Qiang Chen ; Liguo Liu ; Liang Chen ; Jiajun Bai ; Yunqi Fu
- Type: Article
-
Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
- Author(s): Fenggang Sun ; Peng Lan ; Bin Gao
- Type: Article
-
Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
-
54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article
