Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 44, Issue 9, 24 April 2008
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Volume 44, Issue 9
24 April 2008
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- Author(s): C. Sawigun and W.A. Serdijn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 561 –562
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080722
- Type: Article
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A simple technique to realise a switched current memory cell operating from low supply voltage (0.75 V) with clock-feedthough (CFT) error reduction is presented. Unlike previous techniques that try to minimise current error by compensation at the output, this technique prevents the occurrence of current error by removing the feedthrough voltage from the input port of the memory transistor directly. As a result, the CFT error current at the output is almost completely eliminated employing a simple and compact circuit structure. Simulation results are given, showing good agreement to the theory. - Author(s): J.-S. Syu ; C. Meng ; K.-C. Tsung ; G.-W. Huang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 562 –563
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080460
- Type: Article
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A 0.18 µm CMOS 5 GHz quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) is demonstrated by using trifilar transformer coupling. The trifilar transformers composed of one primary coil and two secondary coils are used to separate the gate and drain bias for output voltage swing optimisation and also replace a conventional transistor-coupling method for quadrature output generation simultaneously. As a result, the trifilar-coupling QVCO achieves 180.1 dBc/Hz figure of merit (FOM) at the supply voltage of 1.2 V. The on-chip passive single sideband upconversion mixer is also demonstrated to fairly measure the quadrature accuracy of the QVCO. Thus, a 33.7 dB sideband rejection ratio is achieved. - Author(s): Y.-T. Lin ; T. Wang ; S.-S. Lu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 563 –565
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080575
- Type: Article
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A fully integrated concurrent dual-band low noise amplifier with suspended inductors is reported. Wideband input impedance matching and wideband low noise characteristics are achieved by the proposed capacitive feedback technique simultaneously. Measurement results show input return losses of −12.8 and −11.5 dB, voltage gains of 14.4 and 14.3 dB, and noise figures of 2.5 and 3.0 measured at 2.3 and 4.5 GHz, respectively, with an image rejection ratio of 26.1 dB and power consumption of 11.9 mW.
0.75 V micro-power SI memory cell with feedthrough error reduction
5 GHz quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator using trifilar transformers
Fully integrated concurrent dual-band low noise amplifier with suspended inductors in SiGe 0.35 µm BiCMOS technology
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- Author(s): R.C. de Lamare
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 565 –567
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080627
- Type: Article
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A novel approach to linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamforming based on reduced-rank processing is proposed. The method is based on a constrained joint iterative optimisation of an adaptive projection matrix and a reduced-rank filter according to the minimum variance criterion. We derive LCMV expressions for the design of the projection matrix and the reduced-rank filter and present low-complexity adaptive algorithms for their efficient implementation. Simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the full-rank and existing reduced-rank methods with low complexity. - Author(s): Y.Q. Xia and Z.G. Duan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 567 –568
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080198
- Type: Article
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A novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna is proposed to operate from 2.9 to 13 GHz. It consists of an elliptic radiator, an elliptic ground plane and a CPW transmission line. The designed antenna has compact dimensions of 20 by 23 mm and an approximate omnidirectional pattern across the major bandwidth. This antenna can be especially applied as the element of UWB antenna arrays for UWB application. - Author(s): S.I. Kwak ; D.U. Sim ; J.H. Kwon ; H.D. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 568 –570
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080028
- Type: Article
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Experimental tests of specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction on a mobile phone have been performed. To protect a human head from exposure to electromagnetic fields and comply with exposure guidelines, the electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures are inserted in a commercial personal communication services (PCS) mobile phone. The measured results demonstrate the movement of a hot spot and the reduction of SAR in the human head. - Author(s): S.V. Shynu ; M.J. Ammann ; B. Norton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 570 –571
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080645
- Type: Article
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A novel design of a quarter-wave shorted trapezoidal metal plate solar antenna using high efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar cells is presented. Using the DC conductive parts of the cell as RF antenna elements as well as choosing the radiating element to be a small base trapezoid, better coupling between the feed and shorting plates is ensured and 40.3% size reduction compared to a conventional shorted quarter-wave patch is obtained. The trapezoidal radiating element covers merely 2.7% of the total available illumination area of the solar cell, leaving its efficiency essentially unaffected. The proposed design strategy has been verified by an instantiation operating at 1.957 GHz and has a wide impedance bandwidth of 15.2% with a gain of 4.5dBi.
Adaptive reduced-rank LCMV beamforming algorithms based on joint iterative optimisation of filters
Compact CPW-fed dual ellipses antenna for ultra-wideband system
Experimental tests of SAR reduction on mobile phone using EBG structures
Quarter-wave metal plate solar antenna
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- Author(s): Y. Kim and S. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 572 –573
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080397
- Type: Article
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A simple driving waveform and circuit is proposed for driving a PDP. This circuit needs only one switching device to apply the VSUS and VGND to the Scan-IC in the scan board. The proposed waveform and circuit can reduce production cost, switching-noise, and the heating-loss for the driving circuit.
Simple driving waveform and circuit for plasma display
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- Author(s): P. Giacomazzi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 573 –575
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080033
- Type: Article
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A new two-moment approximation of the waiting time distribution in queues with General Independent arrivals and General service (GI/G/1 queues) is proposed. The approximation provides tighter results than current two-moment approximations without increasing computational complexity.
Two-moment approximated analysis of waiting time distribution in GI/G/1 queues
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- Author(s): M. He ; J.-O. Klein ; E. Belhaire
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 575 –576
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080442
- Type: Article
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A neural inspired lookup table for reconfigurable circuits is described and simulated. The design is based on conductive bridge RAM to implement the synapses and carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFET) for the other parts. Electrical simulations demonstrate compatibility between the nanocomponents and show the successful training of a linearly separable logical function NOR3. - Author(s): J. Lee ; H.J. Kim ; S.Q. Lee ; S.K. Lee ; S.C. Ko ; K.H. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 576 –578
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080401
- Type: Article
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A capacitive MEMS acoustic sensor with two sacrificial layers based on surface micromachining on a GaAs substrate is presented. This sensor has bottom electrode anchors fabricated using an initial sacrificial layer for the formation of a back chamber. The bottom anchors serve to eliminate the back side process of the wafer for a conventional back chamber because the chamber is implemented through substrate surface etching. The proposed circular-type microphone has a diameter of 1.0 mm and a gap height of 2 µm. It shows a pull down voltage of 8.5 V and a total capacitance of 5.5 pF. Additionally, the MEMS microphone has a sensitivity of 0.09 mV/Pa at 1 kHz at a bias of 2 V.
Design and electrical simulation of on-chip neural learning based on nanocomponents
Surface-micromachined MEMS acoustic sensor with bottom electrode anchors
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- Author(s): J.A. Gupta ; P.J. Barrios ; G.C. Aers ; J. Lapointe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 578 –580
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080479
- Type: Article
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Singlemode laser diodes on GaAs substrates were developed using GaInNAsSb double quantum well active regions grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The distributed feedback devices were fabricated using a regrowth-free process in which lateral Cr gratings were deposited adjacent to a dry-etched narrow ridge waveguide. In continuous-wave (CW) operation the devices exhibit a lasing wavelength of 1550 nm at 10°C with a very high sidemode suppression ratio of >50 dB throughout most of the operational range, and output power up to 15 mW. - Author(s): S. Katz ; G. Boehm ; M.-C. Amann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 580 –581
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080613
- Type: Article
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A new design for an injectorless quantum cascade laser resulting in a threshold current density of 0.57 kA/cm2 at 300 K and a maximum operation temperature of 360 K is presented. The active zone is realised in the strain compensated material system Al(In)As-(Ga)InAs using AlAs barriers for increasing the T0 and InAs for strain compensation. Additionally the laser performance was improved compared to previous work. - Author(s): Y.-C. Xin ; C.-Y. Lin ; Y. Li ; H.P. Bae ; H.B. Yuen ; M.A. Wistey ; J.S. Harris ; S.R. Bank ; L.F. Lester
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 581 –582
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080362
- Type: Article
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The first monolithic GaInNAsSb quantum well 1.55 µm passively modelocked lasers grown on a GaAs substrate are reported. A repetition rate of up to 13.2 GHz and an optical pulse width as small as 26 ps have been realised. - Author(s): B.V. Zhdanov ; J. Sell ; R.J. Knize
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 582 –584
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080728
- Type: Article
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A Cs vapour laser that utilises four laser diode arrays for longitudinal pumping of the gain medium is demonstrated. A maximum output power of 48 W was achieved with a total optical to optical efficiency of 49% and a slope efficiency of 52%. This work shows that the diode pumped alkali lasers can be scaled to higher powers.
1550 nm GaInNAsSb distributed feedback laser diodes on GaAs
Low-threshold injectorless quantum cascade laser with four material compositions
Monolithic 1.55 µm GaInNAsSb quantum well passively modelocked lasers
Multiple laser diode array pumped Cs laser with 48 W output power
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- Author(s): L.B. Lok ; I.D. Robertson ; M. Chongcheawchamnan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 584 –585
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080224
- Type: Article
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The phenomenon of common-mode radiation limits the in-band performance of balanced transmission lines such as the coplanar strip (CPS). When such transmission lines are measured single-endedly, by connecting them between practical baluns/transitions, resonances in the frequency response are observed owing to common-mode propagation. It is proposed, and demonstrated for the first time, that an electromagnetic-bandgap ground (EBG) method can help to suppress the unwanted propagation of common-modes along balanced transmission lines. - Author(s): U.C. Hasar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 585 –587
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080242
- Type: Article
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A new calibration-independent method for complex permittivity extraction of liquid and granular materials is proposed. The advantages of the method are: it only needs the measurement of one measurement cell loaded with the sample; and it eliminates, if any, nonuniformities of the extra measurement cell, which is needed by the methods given in the literature. The method is validated by calibrated and uncalibrated complex scattering parameter measurements of the ethyl alcohol poured into a waveguide cell at X-band.
Application of anisotropic EBG for suppressing common-mode resonances in CPW-to-CPS transitions
Calibration-independent method for complex permittivity determination of liquid and granular materials
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- Author(s): D.V. Bandjur ; M.C. Stefanovic ; M.V. Bandjur
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 587 –588
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080270
- Type: Article
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A novel infinite-series-based approach for the performance analysis of a dual-branch switched-and-stay combining (SSC) diversity receiver operating over Ricean correlated fading channels in the presence of correlated Nakagami-m distributed co-channel interference (CCI) is presented. The performance analysis is based on outage probability (Pout) and average bit error probability (ABEP) criteria.
Performance analysis of SSC diversity receiver over correlated Ricean fading channels in presence of co-channel interference
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- Author(s): Y. Tang and W. Shieh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 588 –590
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080341
- Type: Article
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Transmission performance for 100 Gbit/s WDM systems with coherent optical OFDM is simulated. The simulation shows that the system Q of the WDM channels at 100 Gbit/s is over 15.0 dB for a transmission up to 1000 km of standard-singlemode-fibre without dispersion compensation.
Transmission of 100 Gbit/s WDM systems with coherent optical OFDM
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- Author(s): S. Hwang and J. Shim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 590 –591
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080217
- Type: Article
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Improvement of the electrostatic discharge (ESD) voltage in an InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diode (LED) grown on sapphire substrate is presented by inserting floating metal near the n-electrode. ESD voltages about four times larger than previously observed are experimentally obtained for LEDs with floating metal compared to those without. - Author(s): E. Yagyu ; E. Ishimura ; N. Tomita ; M. Nakaji ; T. Aoyagi ; K. Yoshiara ; Y. Tokuda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 591 –593
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080456
- Type: Article
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A quasi-planar AlInAs avalanche photodiode (APD) with a lateral n–p–n structure for optical fibre communications is reported. Although both the anode and the cathode contact the n-type regions, it is demonstrated that the n–p–n APD has the same performance as a normal p–n APD. The n–p–n structure enables the p-type conversion process of thermal Zn diffusion to be omitted, and AlInAs with a large gain bandwidth product and low noise to be utilised for a multiplication region. The n–p–n AlInAs APDs can provide better receiver sensitivity at 10 Gbit/s than commercially available InP APDs. - Author(s): A. Bennecer ; J.D. Ingham ; K.A. Williams ; R.V. Penty ; I.H. White ; H. Ehlers ; M. Hamacher ; H. Heidrich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 593 –595
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080562
- Type: Article
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A highly compact and scalable microring-laser-based optical-add multiplexer is presented for wavelength division multiplexed bus networks. The output of a 40 µm-radius microring laser is vertically coupled to a passive waveguide bus and the chip is subsequently mounted in a butterfly package with fibre pigtailing at both input and output. In the first such experiment with a microring-based module, a wavelength channel is added into a wavelength multiplexed fibre-optic link with negligible power penalty. Successful transmission of a 2λ×2.5 Gbit/s signal over 25 km is demonstrated for a 0.9 nm channel spacing.
Improved ESD voltage by inserting floating metal ring in GaN-based light emitting diodes
Lateral n–p–n avalanche photodiode with an AlInAs multiplication layer
Ultracompact microring laser-based optical-add multiplexer
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- Author(s): Z. Lu ; T.Y. Ji ; Q.H. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 595 –596
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20082501
- Type: Article
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Presented is a novel mathematical morphological transform to extract decaying DC offset components which are contained in fault currents.
Morphological transform for removal of exponentially decaying DC-offset
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- Author(s): D. Lee ; S. Baek ; M. Ree ; O. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 596 –598
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080326
- Type: Article
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A resistive switching memory device was fabricated using poly(o-anthranilic acid) (PARA) film. The device has a metal/PARA/metal sandwich-like structure. When the device is biased with voltage beyond a critical value, it suddenly switches from a high resistive state to a low resistive state, with a difference in injection current of more than three orders of magnitude. By controlling the injection current level, it was possible to achieve non-volatile memory behaviour. The devices possess a prolonged retention time of 3×103 s after switching. The conduction mechanism in the off-state implies that the resistive switching of the device can be explained in terms of filament theory. - Author(s): Y. Pei ; C. Poblenz ; A.L. Corrion ; R. Chu ; L. Shen ; J.S. Speck ; U.K. Mishra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 598 –599
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080669
- Type: Article
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A report is presented on the power performance of deep submicron AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy. At 10 GHz, 70% power-added-efficiency (PAE) and 3 W/mm power density were demonstrated at a drain bias of 20 V. At 30 GHz, 31% PAE and 6.5 W/mm power density were achieved at a drain bias of 40 V.
Unipolar resistive switching characteristic of semiconducting poly(o-anthranilic acid) film
X- and Ka-band power performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown by ammonia-MBE
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- Author(s): H. Hemesi ; F. Azami ; A. Ghorssi ; A. Abdipour ; A. Mohammadi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 599 –601
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080122
- Type: Article
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A low-complexity approach to the joint estimation of frequency offset and channel matrix in a MIMO flat-fading channel using a training sequence is presented. The frequency offsets for all transmit antennas are assumed to be equal. The proposed algorithm first computes an initial estimation. This estimation is good enough for most applications. To increase the accuracy of the estimation, approximation of ML function around its maximum point and finding the maximum point analytically is suggested. Simulation results are performed for a 4×4 MIMO system to show the effectiveness of the algorithm. - Author(s): G. Boato ; N. Conci ; V. Conotter ; F.G.B. De Natale ; C. Fontanari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 601 –603
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20080492
- Type: Article
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An asymmetric watermarking algorithm is presented, involving a private key for embedding and a public key for detection, joint with a suitable encryption scheme, thus achieving a double security level for digital data protection. A commutative scheme is designed based on linear algebra and on a secret random permutation, allowing both to cipher watermarked data and to mark encrypted data without interfering with the watermark detection process. - Author(s): W.-K. Nie and D.-Z. Feng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 603 –604
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20083203
- Type: Article
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Joint diagonalisation (JD) is an effective tool in many signal processing applications. A non-unitary JD method is proposed to estimate the two-dimensional (2D) frequencies. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm achieves good performance and the estimated 2D frequencies can be paired automatically.
Low-complexity channel and frequency offset estimation in MIMO systems
Multimedia asymmetric watermarking and encryption
Two-dimensional frequency estimation using non-unitary joint diagonalisation
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- Author(s): P.P. Gami and K. Sandrasegaran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 604 –606
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20083459
- Type: Article
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A new network controlled handover scheme for heterogeneous wireless networks is introduced. The scheme gives better handover delay performance with nearly the same amount of signalling in the network as currently known solutions. The trade-off between handover delay and the amount of signalling is optimised to achieve high performance of the vertical handover. - Author(s): J.-M. Chung ; J.-H. Seol ; S. Choi ; T. Yeoum ; H. Lim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 44, Issue 9, p. 606 –607
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20083216
- Type: Article
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A statistical traffic control scheme is proposed, which computes the expected queue-length boundary conditions for self-similar traffic priority classes and can adapt the traffic class service level to provide practical and effective guaranteed quality of service control support in DiffServ networks.
Network controlled handover scheme for heterogeneous network
Statistical delay control scheme for DiffServ networks with self-similar traffic
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