Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 43, Issue 6, 15 March 2007
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Volume 43, Issue 6
15 March 2007
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- Author(s): M. Buck and D. Filipović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 313 –314
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070268
- Type: Article
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A bi-layer, four-arm, printed spiral antenna having a well-formed conical pattern with a simple, vertically oriented feed is proposed. Mode 2 performance is verified computationally and experimentally. A novel helical arm termination is also introduced and enhanced performance is demonstrated. - Author(s): G. Yun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 314 –315
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070072
- Type: Article
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A diamond-shaped microstrip ring patch, as a radiator of an oscillator-type active antenna, is proposed for easier impedance matching, smaller patch size, and circular polarisation. The active antenna has been built and measured. The fabricated antenna including the active circuitry has a size about 65% of that using a regular-size square microstrip antenna. Test results show potential possibilities for use as a transmitter of an RFID reader around 915 MHz. - Author(s): J.-S. Lee ; H. Rhyu ; B. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 315 –317
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070282
- Type: Article
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Multi-band operation of an internal antenna for mobile phones is achieved by using a practically simple matching circuit constructed on a PCB. The matching circuit consists of a coplanar waveguide and lumped elements on a PCB. Simulation is conducted to verify the new idea of generating the multi-band operation, and the performance of the antenna is measured. - Author(s): M. John and M.J. Ammann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 317 –319
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073802
- Type: Article
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A novel Bézier spline-based geometry for printed monopole antennas is presented. Quadratic curves are used to describe the outline of the radiating element. The geometry is optimised by a genetic algorithm. A small number of control points are used to define the geometry, ensuring a small search space for the GA. The resulting antenna has an impedance bandwidth from 1.44 to 14.7 GHz. - Author(s): D.-H. Kwon ; L. Li ; J.A. Bossard ; M.G. Bray ; D.H. Werner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 319 –320
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070197
- Type: Article
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A metamaterial design is presented with an effectively zero index of refraction, which utilises Drude-type material blocks arranged in a checkerboard pattern within a nondispersive dielectric host. An averaging effect over constituent materials of the checkerboard structure yields an effective permittivity that approaches zero. This results in a metamaterial with a zero index of refraction and a high intrinsic impedance. A design example and the associated effective medium parameters are provided.
Bi-layer, mode 2, four-arm spiral antennas
Compact oscillator-type active antenna for UHF RFID reader
Design concept of multi-band antenna with resonant circuit on PCB
Spline-based geometry for printed monopole antennas
Zero index metamaterials with checkerboard structure
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- Author(s): P.A. Mastorocostas ; D.N. Varsamis ; C.A. Mastorocostas ; C.S. Hilas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 320 –322
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073661
- Type: Article
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A dynamic fuzzy filter is proposed that performs the task of separation of lung sounds obtained from patients with pulmonary pathology. The consequent parts of the fuzzy rules are dynamic, consisting of block-diagonal recurrent neural networks. The lung sound category of coarse crackles is examined, and a comparative analysis with other fuzzy and neural filters is conducted. - Author(s): V.K. Pandey and P.C. Pandey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 322 –324
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073152
- Type: Article
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Most bio signal waveforms have a baseline that may drift over a large range compared to the excursion of the signal component. A circuit is developed, based on the amplitude tracking technique, for fast estimation and removal of the baseline drift, for effective use of the input dynamic range of the signal acquisition setup.
Dynamic fuzzy model for processing lung sounds
Tracking-based baseline restoration circuit for acquisition of bio signals
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- Author(s): R. Azaro ; L. Ioriatti ; M. Martinelli ; A. Massa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 324 –325
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073923
- Type: Article
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Designing customised EMI filters is a challenging task since the choice of the circuit topology as well as of the discrete values of the electric components, for satisfying multiple electrical requirements, is not trivial and no standard guidelines are available. An approach based on a particle swarm optimiser, used in conjunction with a circuital simulator, is described. By using equivalent models of commercial components, such a method allows the synthesis of reliable and ready-to-build filters. As an example, a filter prototype is realised and its efficiency is assessed through numerical and experimental evaluations.
Automatic design and optimisation of EMI filter using commercially-available components
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- Author(s): K.M. Kim ; B. Sohn ; J.M. Yook ; S.K. Yeo ; Y.S. Kwon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 325 –327
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073758
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new type of packaging technology, ‘pocket embedding package’, using selectively anodised aluminium substrate. In this technology, chips can be embedded inside aluminium substrate so that an ultra-thin and compact type of package can be achieved. A monolithic microwave integrated circuit dice with 120 µm thickness has been successfully embedded inside the substrate with a tolerance of less than 5 µm, and 300 µm of total thickness can be achieved with excellent thermal dissipation.
Ultra-thin pocket embedding package for system in package
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- Author(s): A. Wang ; W. Ding ; T.A. Birks ; J.C. Knight
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 327 –329
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070242
- Type: Article
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An 8 cm length of photonic bandgap fibre was tapered in the middle to narrow the transmission windows. The tapered fibre was incorporated into a neodymium fibre laser system, in which it suppressed the strong gain peaks at 907 and 1080 nm and ensured lasing at 935 nm. - Author(s): M. Foroni ; F. Poli ; A. Cucinotta ; S. Selleri
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 329 –330
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073753
- Type: Article
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The possibility to extend the erbium-doped fibre amplifier bandwidth from S- to L-band through all-silica erbium-doped fibres has been experimentally demonstrated. An amplifier with a parallel configuration for the S-, C- and L-bands and a double-pass scheme is proposed. The amplifier exploits the depressed-cladding fibre bending loss to obtain amplification in S-band. - Author(s): S. Suzuki ; H. Ito ; Y. Takata ; H. Sakata
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 330 –332
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073701
- Type: Article
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A novel method is presented of fabricating a core-mode blocker for use in long-period fibre gratings by forming a self-aligned absorber on the end of the fibre core. The absorber efficiently suppresses the core-mode power and allows the cladding-mode radiation to pass through, thereby resulting in a bandpass output at the resonant wavelengths.
935 nm Nd3+ fibre laser incorporating tapered photonic bandgap fibre filter
All-silica double-pass S+C+L band EDFA
Cladding-mode extraction from long-period fibre grating using self-aligned core-mode blocker
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- Author(s): E.R. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 332 –333
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070120
- Type: Article
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p.
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Described is a new transformation for finding global valleys in 1D distributions, with particular application to the thresholding of grey-scale images. The applied criterion function estimates the global significance of all the valleys that are located, and thus can cope with multimode distributions. The core transformation can be implemented in just two passes: hence the computational load is O(N) for an N-element distribution, which is optimal. - Author(s): M. Iwahashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 333 –335
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073479
- Type: Article
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p.
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A four-band decomposition module for 2D digital signals is proposed. The total amount of the error due to the rounding operation is reduced under the constraint that the module has compatibility with the conventional wavelet transform in JPEG 2000. The number of rounding operations and the standard deviation of the error are reduced by 33.3 and 22.9%, respectively, per one module.
Efficient transformation for identifying global valley locations in 1D data
Four-band decomposition module with minimum rounding operations
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- Author(s): B. Gaffney and A.D. Fagan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 335 –336
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070220
- Type: Article
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An iterative extension of the decision feedback equaliser (DFE) receiver for linearly precoded OFDM is proposed, which improves the performance significantly, but requires a Cholesky factorisation for each iteration every time the channel changes. Next, a lower complexity form for Hadamard precoded systems is proposed, which requires just one Cholesky factorisation per OFDM symbol, with no loss in performance.
Iterative decision feedback equalisation of linearly precoded OFDM systems
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- Author(s): A.J. López-Martín ; J. Ramirez-Angulo ; R.G. Carvajal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 336 –338
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073939
- Type: Article
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A novel CMOS voltage-to-current converter topology is proposed. The use of nested local feedback loops and the absence of current replication in the signal path provide low sensitivity to transistor mismatch and high linearity. Measurements for a 0.5 µm CMOS prototype show a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 75 dB for a differential input of 6 Vpp and a dual supply of ±1.5 V. The circuit occupies 0.1 mm2 and consumes 3 mW. - Author(s): S. Dumont ; P. Gandy ; C. Erdmann ; P. Gamand
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 338 –340
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070019
- Type: Article
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A new way of designing a 14-bit pipeline analogue-to-digital converter is described. Combined gain calibration and capacitor mismatch correction permit limiting power consumption and achieve a differential nonlinearity of 0.25LSB in a low-cost digital CMOS process (0.18 µm). - Author(s): K.-H. Lee ; H.-C. Choi ; K.-J. Moon ; Y.-L. Kim ; S.-H. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 340 –341
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070030
- Type: Article
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A 14b 70MS/s pipeline A/D converter (ADC) in a 0.13 µm CMOS process employs signal insensitive 3D fully symmetric capacitors for high matching accuracy without any calibration scheme. The prototype ADC with a die area of 3.3 mm2 shows measured differential and integral nonlinearities of 0.65LSB and 1.80LSB, respectively, at 14b. - Author(s): B. Godara and A. Fabre
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 341 –343
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073853
- Type: Article
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The first active impedance matching circuit for RF applications is introduced. It adapts arbitrary output impedances to values between 50 and 250 Ω, from 0 to 5 GHz, and occupies only 0.005 mm2 in 0.35 µm SiGe-BiCMOS. It is vastly superior to traditional passive-element solutions by being: the first flexible matching circuit to adapt any impedance to any desired value; the smallest matching circuit ever; and a rare example of wideband matching. Application to a low-noise amplifier proves the potential of the new circuit.
±1.5 V 3 mW CMOS V–I converter with 75 dB SFDR for 6 Vpp input swings
14-bit CMOS pipeline ADC with dual-calibration
Calibration-free 14b 70MS/s 0.13 µm CMOS pipeline A/D converters based on high-matching 3D symmetric capacitors
Versatile wideband impedance matching circuit based on current conveyors
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- Author(s): G. Vecchi ; F. Raineri ; I. Sagnes ; K.-H. Lee ; S. Guilet ; L. Le Gratiet ; F. Van Laere ; G. Roelkens ; D. Van Thourhout ; R. Baets ; A. Levenson ; R. Raj
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 343 –345
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073816
- Type: Article
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An InP/InGaAs-based photonic band-edge laser bonded on silicon operating near 1.55 µm is presented. A gold reflector positioned below the slab containing the active layer reduces the optical losses of the Bloch-mode resonator. As a result, a quality factor exceeding 8000 is obtained at transparency leading to a laser threshold as low as 3.4 µJ/cm2.
Photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser near 1.55 µm on gold-coated silicon wafer
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- Author(s): K.-K.M. Cheng and F.-L. Wong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 345 –346
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070018
- Type: Article
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The design of a novel rat-race coupler that can operate at two widely separated frequency bands is presented. The proposed circuit also features compact size, planar structure without a via hole, and low insertion loss. For validation, both simulated and measured performance of a microstrip rat-race coupler operating at 2.45/5.8 GHz are shown. - Author(s): D.R. Bolton ; P.A.S. Cruickshank ; D.A. Robertson ; G.M. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 346 –348
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073232
- Type: Article
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Described is a simple method to produce sub-nanosecond phase coherent pulses with rise times and fall times of at least 80 ps at power levels in excess of 200 mW at 94 GHz. The duration and timing of these pulses are controlled by fast input logic, and pulses as short as 110 ps have been achieved. The technique is easily extended to both higher and lower frequencies, and produces pulses with an infinite extinction ratio suitable for amplification to higher power levels. - Author(s): C.P. Unsworth and J.C.G. Lesurf
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 348 –349
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070163
- Type: Article
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The construction and performance measurement of a quasi-optical Fresnel rhomb for millimetre wavelengths is described. The Fresnel rhomb was found to operate successfully over W-band with an efficiency ranging from 85 to 95% as the frequency increased from 85 to 99 GHz. Thus, the device offers a wideband performance quarter-wave plate, suitable for quasi-optical systems at millimetre wavelengths.
Dual-band rat-race coupler design using tri-section branch-line
Sub-nanosecond coherent pulse generation at millimetre-wave frequencies
Wideband quasi-optical Fresnel rhomb for millimetre wavelengths
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- Author(s): J.R. Gállego ; M. Canales ; A. Hernández-Solana ; A. Valdovinos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 350 –352
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073548
- Type: Article
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MAC protocols designed to provide QoS in wireless ad hoc networks need to be able to reserve and control resources efficiently. To this purpose, TDMA-based networks often lie in a frame subdivision that consists of a broadcast control phase and an information phase. In the control phase, each active terminal broadcasts signalling information required to handle the access to the data resources. Analysis and modelling of the broadcast service is carried out, which allows an efficient frame dimensioning in this scenario. - Author(s): S.M. Tseng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 352 –353
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073797
- Type: Article
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Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) detection followed by a full parallel interference cancellation (full PIC) or a constant-weight partial parallel interference cancellation (CW-PPIC) scheme has been proposed. However, its performance degrades when the received power of the antenna is unbalanced and/or the system is heavily loaded. Therefore, V-BLAST is proposed, followed by fuzzy adaptive partial parallel multistage detection for MIMO systems. The simulation results show that the error probability of this proposed method is better than that of V-BLAST followed by full PIC or CW-PPIC schemes. - Author(s): A. Bletsas ; H. Shin ; M.Z. Win
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 353 –355
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073267
- Type: Article
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Formation of virtual antenna arrays among neighbouring nodes and their co-operative transmission have attracted increasing interest. The exact outage probability of co-operative communication with multiple amplify-and-forward relays is given. The analysis covers general relay topologies and is verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. - Author(s): L. Wei ; Y.Y. Xu ; Y.M. Cai ; X. Xu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 355 –356
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073386
- Type: Article
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Presented is a robust carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation algorithm suitable for fast varying multipath channels. The proposed algorithm estimates CFO both in time-domain and frequency-domain using two carefully designed sequences. This novel technique possesses high accuracy as well as large estimation range and works well in fast varying channels.
Analysis and modelling of broadcast services for TDMA wireless ad hoc networks
Fuzzy adaptive partial parallel multistage detection for MIMO systems
Outage analysis for co-operative communication with multiple amplify-and-forward relays
Robust frequency offset estimator for OFDM over fast varying multipath channel
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- Author(s): F. Keskin ; J. Hahn ; P.W. Baier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 356 –358
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073645
- Type: Article
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p.
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Having in mind the disturbance of other radio links and the public concern about electromagnetic irradiation, an important issue in mobile radio communications is the required transmit energy. An idea is presented on how to substantially reduce this energy in precoding transmission schemes and the approach is called minimum energy soft precoding (MESP).
Minimum energy soft precoding
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- Author(s): A. Ohki ; S. Fukushima ; M. Sugo ; K. Kato ; Y. Akatsu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 358 –359
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073761
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new assembly technique that provides a cost-effective way to integrate Tx and Rx in one TO-package. The TO-BOSA developed using this technique performed sufficiently well for FTTH service applications. - Author(s): R. Urata ; R. Takahashi ; T. Nakahara ; T. Suemitsu ; H. Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 359 –361
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073866
- Type: Article
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p.
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16 bit label swapping of 10 Gbit/s asynchronous optical packets with a label swapper module composed of an optically clocked transistor array (OCTA) integrated with a CMOS label processor is demonstrated. The OCTA's ability to perform demux/mux and clock generation enables a compact, low-power interface between the high-speed asynchronous optical labels and CMOS circuit. Error-free operation is achieved for a >10 dB input dynamic range. - Author(s): K. Thakulsukanant ; J.S. Van der Merwe ; Z. Wang ; S. Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 361 –363
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073613
- Type: Article
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p.
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A novel optical serial multicast mode scheme using an active vertical coupler optical crosspoint switch matrix has been successfully demonstrated. A fibre delay line has been employed to recirculate optical packets, providing one serial output packet for each recirculation. A minimum Q-factor of 5.68 dB and an optical signal-to-noise-ratio penalty of <2.3 dB are found after nine recirculations. - Author(s): J. Zhao ; Y.-C. Ku ; L.-K. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 363 –364
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073893
- Type: Article
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Synchronised phase remodulation (SPRM) to erase the original and write the new phase information simultaneously is a crucial signal processing technique in optical networks. A simple and polarisation-insensitive monitoring scheme for SPRM using a narrowband optical bandpass filter (OBPF) is demonstrated. Experiments show that, with the optimal central wavelength of the OBPF, −1.2 and 3.8 dB monitoring power dynamic ranges are obtained for non-return-to-zero differential phase shift keying and return-to-zero DPSK formats, respectively, thus achieving high monitoring sensitivity. - Author(s): A. Gallego-Roji and A. Puerta-Notario
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 364 –366
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070040
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a set of functional improvements in classic optical transmitter laser drivers based on a slope detector strategy, in order to be incorporated in high performance optical wireless communications systems. Some experimental results are shown, which illustrate the advantages of the proposed improvements.
Development of TO-BOSA for FTTH using new optical path alignment technique
Error-free label swapping of asynchronous optical packets with multifunctional optically clocked transistor array
Serial-mode optical multicast based on active vertical coupler optical crosspoint switch matrix
Simple monitoring technique for synchronised phase remodulation using narrowband optical filtering
Transmitter architecture improvements for wireless optical communications
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- Author(s): J.B. Limb ; D. Yoo ; J.-H. Ryou ; S.-C. Shen ; R.D. Dupuis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 6, p. 366 –367
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070065
- Type: Article
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Low on-resistance gallium nitride pin rectifiers grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition on n-type 6H-SiC substrates are reported. The diode structures consist of an n+-GaN layer grown on the substrate, followed by a 2.5 µm unintentionally doped i-GaN layer, and a p-type GaN layer capped with a p++-GaN contact layer. The mesa-structure pin diodes exhibited a blocking voltage as large as Vr ∼−500 V, at a reverse current density of Ir ∼1 A/cm2. The on-resistance is 2.3 mΩ · cm2 for an 80 µm mesa diameter circular device. This yields a power figure of merit value of 108.69 MW/cm2. The on-resistance and the figure of merit values are believed to be the best reported for vertical mesa-geometry GaN pin rectifiers grown on 6H-SiC substrates with comparable i-layer thickness.
Low on-resistance GaN pin rectifiers grown on 6H-SiC substrates
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