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1350-911X
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0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 43, Issue 13, 21 June 2007
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Volume 43, Issue 13
21 June 2007
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- Author(s): M.G. Ibambe ; Y. Letestu ; A. Sharaiha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 697 –698
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070571
- Type: Article
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A method to reduce the axial length of a printed quadrifilar helix antenna (PQHA) is presented. Using meandering line techniques, the axial length of the conventional PQHA is reduced by 33%, making it practical to be implemented on a handheld terminal. - Author(s): A. Ourir ; S.N. Burokur ; A. de Lustrac
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 698 –700
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071181
- Type: Article
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The modelling and characterisation of an electronically controllable metamaterial partially reflecting surface to a resonant cavity antenna near 8 GHz is considered. The metamaterial considered is composed of a composite phase varying metamaterial, by the insertion of active electronic components, and is proposed for the design of the reconfigurable Fabry-Perot cavity antenna. An adjustable resonance frequency between 7.9 and 8.2 GHz is obtained and a drastic enhancement in the directivity of the antenna is also observed for a cavity thickness as small as λ/75. - Author(s): M. Raspopoulos and S. Stavrou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 700 –702
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071126
- Type: Article
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It is demonstrated how frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) can be deployed on conventional building materials, so as the FSS frequency response is not affected by the building material. This effectively means that the two surfaces, the FSS and the building wall surface, will affect radio propagation independently based on their own characteristics. When FSSs are attached to building walls, they can suffer significant detuning, compared to free-standing frequency response, which appears to fade away as the air gap between the two surfaces increases. Simulations and anechoic chamber measurements demonstrate that a ‘break-point’ air gap exists, beyond which the FSS response is not affected by the presence of the building wall. - Author(s): R. Alkhatib and M. Drissi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 702 –703
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070808
- Type: Article
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The criteria of bandwidth and gain are of prime importance for high rate wireless systems. The electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) antenna, which could be a good candidate for microwave and millimetre link systems, is regarded as a promising solution to achieve a directive antenna with high gain but limited to a narrow band. Presented is a solution to increase the above performances using a three-dimensional antenna structure associating EBG materials technology and that of the metallic waveguide one. The calculated and measured performances of the optimised antenna at 38.9 GHz confirms an improvement of bandwidth (from 150 MHz to 1 GHz) and efficiency (from 20 to 47%). - Author(s): S.M. Kim and W.G. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 703 –704
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070677
- Type: Article
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Based on the air gap and stacked patch configuration, a new wideband circular polarised patch antenna is proposed. Significantly increased impedance and axial ratio bandwidths can be achieved without increasing implementation complexity compared with that of existing patch antennas.
Compact printed quadrifilar helical antenna
Electronically reconfigurable metamaterial for compact directive cavity antennas
Frequency selective surfaces on building materials – air gap impact
Improvement of bandwidth and efficiency for directive superstrate EBG antenna
Single feed wideband circular polarised patch antenna
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- Author(s): D.J. Banks ; P. Degenaar ; C. Toumazou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 704 –706
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071440
- Type: Article
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A new design methodology is presented for outputting digital information from asynchronous analogue circuits, which allows signed frequency encoded signal transfer along a single channel. The circuit outputs data as a series of rate and pulse-width encoded spikes: pulse-width modulation is used to represent vector and pulse frequency modulation is used to represent magnitude symbiotically. This technique can be used to increase the bandwidth of multiplexed neural signals, such as for address event registration, or by using a time-to-first-spike system, to multiplex signals on a single channel. Additionally, feedback has been used to improve the switching speed of current starved inverters, reducing their power consumption by over an order of magnitude.
Low-power pulse-width-modulated neuromorphic spiking circuit allowing signed double byte data transfer along a single channel
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- Author(s): H.-J. Wei ; C. Meng ; Y.W. Chang ; G.-W. Huang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 706 –707
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070727
- Type: Article
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A frequency divider with super-dynamic D-type flip–flop is demonstrated in 2 µm GaInP/GaAs HBT ( fT = 40 GHz) technology. By biasing the HBT devices around the peak transit-time frequency ( fT), the operating frequency of a D-FF with ECNFP (emitter-coupled negative feedback pairs) can be improved. At a supply voltage of 5 V, a divide-by-two function of 9.5 GHz is achieved. - Author(s): M. Alioto and G. Palumbo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 707 –709
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070752
- Type: Article
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A circuit approach based on the adoption of mixed dynamic and transmission-gate full adder topologies to achieve very fast computation in carry chains is discussed. From a design point of view, the approach is very simple and allows the design to exceed the speed performance of fast Domino logic by more than 30% without degrading the energy efficiency. Post-layout simulations on a 90 nm CMOS technology are presented to validate the results.
9.5 GHz GaInP/GaAs HBT divide-by-two frequency divider using super-dynamic D-type flip–flop technique
Very fast carry energy efficient computation based on mixed dynamic/transmission-gate full adders
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- Author(s): M.R. Hejazi and Y.-S. Ho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 709 –711
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070208
- Type: Article
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p.
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An efficient method for extracting the texture browsing descriptor (TBD) of MPEG-7 using the nonlinear modified discrete Radon transform is proposed. Results show that the proposed method is very fast and extracts the components of TBD efficiently. - Author(s): M.F.M. Salleh and J. Soraghan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 711 –712
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070158
- Type: Article
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A new non-predictive video codec for mobile applications is presented. The scheme omits the prediction step in the temporal axis and increases robustness of its transmission in the mobile channel. The same subbands from each frame in the group of frames (GOP) are joined together to exploit their spatial-temporal redundancies. The significant vectors of the joined subbands within the GOP are quantised using a novel multi-stage lattice vector quantisation. This process reduces quantisation errors and enhances the reconstructed frame quality. Experimental results are shown to be significantly better than H.263 and comparable to the current H.264 standards in an erroneous hilly terrain mobile environment using the TETRA channel simulator for some test video sequences.
Efficient approach to extraction of texture browsing descriptor in MPEG-7
Non-predictive multi-scaled based MLVQ video coding for robust transmission over mobile channels
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- Author(s): J. Ryeom
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 712 –714
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070702
- Type: Article
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A novel high-speed driving technology is proposed for the plasma display panel (PDP). In this method, a ramp shaped priming pulse can be applied on the entire panel simultaneously by superposing a priming period on the display sustaining period. From the experiments, address condition to drive the HDTV grade PDP having 1080 horizontal scanning lines without lessening the brightness is achieved.
High-speed driving technology for HDTV grade plasma display panel
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- Author(s): D.A. May-Arrioja ; P. LiKamWa ; C. Velásquez-Ordóñez ; J.J. Sánchez-Mondragón
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 714 –716
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071070
- Type: Article
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An electrically tunable multimode interference (MMI) coupler/splitter is demonstrated. The device operates by modifying the phase of the multiple self-images that are formed around the midpoint of the MMI structure. This provides a simple way to fine-tune the 50∶50 output power split ratio or other arbitrary ratio.
Tunable multimode interference coupler
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- Author(s): H.K. Nguyen ; S. Coleman ; N.J. Visovsky ; Y. Li ; K. Song ; R.W. Davis ; M.H. Hu ; C. Zah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 716 –717
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070694
- Type: Article
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Highly reliable 1060 nm DBR lasers are reported with a single-wavelength output power greater than 350 mW and a failure rate as low as 1.7 kFITs, at a heatsink temperature of 25°C and a gain current of 500 mA. The green-light power of up to 184 mW has been generated by frequency doubling of these DBR lasers.
Reliable high-power 1060 nm DBR lasers for second-harmonic generation
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- Author(s): K. Song ; Y. Fan ; Z. He
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 717 –719
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071178
- Type: Article
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Based on a coaxial waveguide power-dividing/combining circuit, a four-device solid-state power amplifier with excellent power combining efficiency is presented. The fabricated power amplifier combining four monolithic microwave integrated circuit power amplifiers shows a 13–16.65 dB small-signal gain over a wide bandwidth of 7–13.5 GHz. The measured maximum output power at 1 dB compression is 25.4 dBm at 11 GHz, with a power-combining efficiency of 91%. - Author(s): J.-W. Jung ; K.-K. Nae ; J. Kim ; J.-S. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 719 –720
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071069
- Type: Article
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To offer RFID services on mobile phones, the RFID reader must be embedded on the handset as a chip. However, the directional coupler, a ceramic passive component used in conventional RFID readers with identical Tx/Rx carrier frequency, has been too large for cellular handset applications. A miniaturised directional coupler design for UHF RFID mobile readers using an IPD (integrated passive device) process is presented. Parallel-coupled line theory has been used for formulation of a T-type and a π-type coupler. Couplers with dimensions of 1.74×1.6 mm and 1.32×1.4 mm were assembled using the IPD process. - Author(s): W.-Q. Xu ; M.-H. Ho ; C.G. Hsu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 721 –722
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070747
- Type: Article
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A novel design for a UMTS diplexer using dual-mode rectangular stripline-ring resonators is proposed. The diplexer comprises two parallel-oriented rectangular stripline-rings and a connecting line between them. The degenerate-mode resonance is used to form the diplexer's Tx- and Rx-bands, and a method to improve the isolation is also proposed in this circuit design. - Author(s): O. Oliaei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 722 –724
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070600
- Type: Article
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A coupled-PLLs network suitable for phased-array systems is presented. The proposed structure uses phase-frequency detectors, instead of analogue multipliers, to achieve up to ±180° phase shift between output signals. This improvement makes it possible to extend the scanning angle from ±30° off the normal achieved through current coupled-oscillators to ±90°.
Narrowband amplifier with excellent power combining efficiency
RF-IPD directional coupler for mobile RFID handset applications
UMTS diplexer design using dual-mode stripline ring resonators
Wide-angle beam steering using coupled-PLLs
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- Author(s): J.F. Monserrat ; R. Fraile ; L. Rubio
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 724 –725
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070236
- Type: Article
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A novel procedure based on the alternating projection method to adjust experimental shadowing cross-correlation (SCC) matrices is proposed. Given an SCC matrix derived from any experimental model, this procedure finds the nearest diagonalisable correlation matrix. This adjustment allows a proper simulation of shadowing samples, since it produces correlation matrices for which Cholesky factorisation is feasible. Simulation results using this procedure for three different SCC models are compared and discussed. - Author(s): K. Kitao and S. Ichitsubo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 725 –727
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070868
- Type: Article
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The frequency dependence of the spatial dispersion of radio waves arriving at a base station in the 0.4, 2 and 8 GHz bands in an urban area is investigated. The results clearly show that correlation curves for three frequencies are approximately equal to each other and spatial dispersions are frequency independent in the 0.4 to 8 GHz band.
Application of alternating projection method to ensure feasibility of shadowing cross-correlation models
Frequency dependence of spatial dispersion of radio waves arriving at base station in 0.4 to 8 GHz band
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- Author(s): J. Epps ; E. Ambikairajah ; T. Thiruvaran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 727 –729
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070969
- Type: Article
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A technique for the robust demodulation of discrete FM signals in the presence of additive noise is presented. Based upon least squares, the proposed technique is shown to improve the accuracy of instantaneous frequency estimation by 17 to 79% compared with the popular discrete energy separation (DESA), smooth DESA and Hilbert transform-based algorithms, e.g. noisy signals at low SNRs.
Robust FM demodulation of discrete-time signals using least squares differential ratio
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- Author(s): F. Inuzuka ; E. Yamazaki ; K. Yonenaga ; A. Takada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 729 –730
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070907
- Type: Article
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The increase in WDM transmission distance at zero-dispersion wavelength made possible by pre-compensation to offset nonlinear interchannel crosstalk is studied. A simulation shows that pre-compensation allows higher fibre launched power and increases the transmission distance by 3.3 times for a 50 GHz-spaced 8-channel WDM system. Pre-compensation is shown to be limited by the undeterministic nonlinear distortion induced by the accumulated amplifier spontaneous emission noise from repeater amplifiers. Also, optical power tolerance of the pre-distorted waveform generated at the transmitter is studied.
Performance of nonlinear interchannel crosstalk pre-compensation at zero-dispersion wavelength using carrier phase-locked WDM
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- Author(s): C. Amat ; G. Almuneau ; P. Gallo ; L. Jalabert ; S. Moumdji ; P. Dubreuil ; T. Camps ; J.B. Doucet ; E. Havard ; V. Bardinal ; C. Fontaine ; A. Muñoz-Yagüe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 730 –732
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070974
- Type: Article
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The formation of a buried aluminium oxide from the surface of a GaAs/AlAs epitaxial structure is presented and validated through the localised electroluminescence in a light emitting diode device. This oxidation method relies on photolithography, plasma treatment and wet thermal oxidation. This enables localised buried oxide areas to be formed by a vertical oxidation process applied from the surface. Because of this new technology, the shape of the oxidised areas can be freely designed, unlike when using the standard lateral oxidation technology.
Free engineering of buried oxide patterns in GaAs/AlAs epitaxial structures
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- Author(s): J.-H. Tsai ; C.-M. Li ; W.-C. Liu ; D.-F. Guo ; S.-Y. Chiu ; W.-S. Lour
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 732 –734
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070621
- Type: Article
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n- and p-channel InGaP/InGaAs doped-channel pseudomorphic HFETs on the identical chip by selectively etching process are first demonstrated. Particularly, the saturation voltage of the n-channel device is relatively small because 2DEG is formed and modulated in the InGaAs strain channel. Experimentally, an extrinsic transconductance of 292 (72) mS/mm and a saturation current density of 335 (−270) mA/mm are obtained for the n-channel (p-channel) device. Furthermore, the integrated devices exhibit broad gate voltage swings for linear and signal amplifier applications. - Author(s): Y.-K. Cho ; T.M. Roh ; J.-K. Kwon ; J. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 734 –735
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070922
- Type: Article
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Novel selective oxidation fin channel MOSFETs (SoxFETs) have been developed for fabricating fin channel MOSFETs with low source/drain (S/D) series resistance. Using this technique, SoxFETs have the surround gate structure and gradually increased S/D extension regions. The new structure demonstrates a 74% reduction in S/D series resistance compared with the control device. It was also found that the SoxFET behaved better than the control device in current drivability by suppressing subthreshold swing and drain induced barrier lowering characteristic degradation.
Integration of n- and p-channel InGaP/InGaAs doped-channel pseudomorphic HFETs
Selective oxidation fin channel MOSFETs with low source/drain series resistance
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- Author(s): L. Mai ; J.-Y. Lee ; V.-S. Pham ; G. Yoon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 735 –737
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070914
- Type: Article
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Presented is a new technique to improve the resonance characteristics of film bulk acoustic-wave resonator (FBAR) devices. The FBAR devices were fabricated on multilayer Bragg reflectors into which ultra-thin chromium (Cr) adhesion layers were inserted, followed by several kinds of thermal annealing processes. This technique resulted in excellent device improvement in terms of return loss and Q-factors. - Author(s): W. Soluch and E. Brzozowski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 13, p. 737 –738
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20071027
- Type: Article
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The surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties of delay lines with double electrode interdigital transducers on GdCa4O(BO3)3 crystal were measured at high temperatures. Low insertion loss changes and approximately linear dependence of the centre frequencies of the delay lines were obtained in the temperature range 20–500°C. For the XZ, YX and ZX orientations, temperature coefficients of frequency of about −80, −52, and −76 ppm/°C, respectively, were obtained. This crystal is promising for application in SAW high-temperature sensors.
Approach to improve ZnO-based FBAR devices
Properties of SAW delay lines on GdCa4O(BO3)3 crystal at high temperatures
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