Online ISSN
1350-911X
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0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 43, Issue 10, 10 May 2007
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Volume 43, Issue 10
10 May 2007
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- Author(s): A. Uz Zaman ; L. Manholm ; A. Derneryd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 551 –552
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070723
- Type: Article
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A probe fed stacked microstrip patch antenna for operation in dual polarisation mode is proposed. A slot loaded lower patch is presented to improve isolation between the two polarisation ports. Simulations and measurements show two linear polarisations with an isolation of more than 30 dB within the band 2.5–2.7 GHz. A return loss of −10 dB is achieved within the above-mentioned bandwidth for the proposed antenna. The radiation pattern for the antenna is similar to that of a conventional microstrip antenna and the measured cross-polar level is 16.5 dB below the peak co-polar level within the band 2.5–2.7 GHz. - Author(s): Y.-H. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 552 –554
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070456
- Type: Article
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A simple adaptive beamformer is suggested that uses real weights only without phase shifting. The proposed beamformer finds the orthogonal complement of a subspace that contains the interference subspace which can be readily obtained using only the imaginary part of the covariance matrix of received signals. Simulation results show the beamformer converges as quickly as a complex eigenspace-based one. - Author(s): H. Nakano ; N. Oki ; H. Iwaoka ; H. Mimaki ; J. Yamauchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 554 –555
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070697
- Type: Article
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A slot bowtie, cut in a conducting plate on a dielectric substrate, is backed by a conducting reflector, where the distance between the bowtie and the reflector is chosen to be small to make a low-profile antenna. The antenna is designed for dual-frequency operation at 2.45 and 5.2 GHz. It is found that operation at 2.45 GHz depends on the length of the bowtie, while operation at 5.2 GHz depends on the location of the feed point. Frequency bandwidths of 4.8 and 6.2% (for a VSWR=2 criterion) are obtained around 2.45 and 5.2 GHz, respectively. The radiation is unidirectional and the cross-polarisation component is small. - Author(s): K.L. Chung and H.K. Kan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 555 –557
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070380
- Type: Article
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A simple stacked subarray antenna with circular polarisation is presented. The antenna is based on a quasi-elliptical patch antenna fed with a 45° offset microstrip line and a circular patch stacked on top of it via an air substrate. The single-element circularly polarised antenna is sequentially rotated into a four-element synchronous subarray resulting in improvement in antenna performance in terms of impedance bandwidth, gain and axial ratio. The antenna is experimentally verified and the results are reported.
Dual polarised microstrip patch antenna with high port isolation
Simple adaptive beamforming with only real weights based on covariance differencing
Slot bowtie antenna for dual-frequency operation
Stacked quasi-elliptical patch array with circular polarisation
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- Author(s): Y. Wang ; B. Hong ; X. Gao ; S. Gao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 557 –558
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070563
- Type: Article
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A simple electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode layout is proposed to implement a motor imagery based brain–computer interface (BCI). The design was derived from investigation of EEG synchronisation in the motor cortex. A significant improvement in BCI performance was obtained in the new system.
Design of electrode layout for motor imagery based brain–computer interface
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- Author(s): W. Guan and J.R. Marciante
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 558 –560
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070162
- Type: Article
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A single-polarisation, single-frequency, ytterbium-doped silica fibre laser has been demonstrated in a 2 cm linear cavity. The output power reaches 35 mW with an optical signal-to-noise ratio greater than 65 dB. A polarisation-maintaining fibre Bragg grating is used as the polarisation-dependent reflector to generate the single-polarisation output with the polarisation extinction ratio greater than 20 dB. The laser works stably for 2 h under laboratory conditions.
Single-polarisation, single-frequency, 2 cm ytterbium-doped fibre laser
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- Author(s): X. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 560 –561
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070027
- Type: Article
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A simple and effective motion descriptor based on oriented histograms of optical flow field sequence is proposed. After dimensional reduction by principal component analysis, it is applicable to human action recognition using the hidden Markov model (HMM). Experiments with convincing recognition rate demonstrate the discriminative power of the proposed descriptor. - Author(s): K. Kpalma and J. Ronsin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 561 –563
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20073895
- Type: Article
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A new approach for pattern description is presented. Based on a multi-scale analysis of closed contours, this method deals with the differential turning angle extracted from a progressively smoothed contour to generate the differential-turning angle scale space (d-TASS) map. Experimental results show that the d-TASS map is closely related to the contour and it is resistant to affine transformation and so well-suited for pattern description.
HMM based action recognition using oriented histograms of optical flow field
Turning angle based representation for planar objects
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- Author(s): J. Wang ; X.-Y. Peng ; Y. Peng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 563 –565
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070523
- Type: Article
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A fast nearest neighbour searching method with gradually shrinking search space is proposed to reduce the computing complexity of indiscernibility relation in the rough-set-based attribute reduction algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm computed attribute reduction more efficiently. - Author(s): J.-S. Baek ; D.-Y. Kim ; J.-S. Seo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 565 –566
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070326
- Type: Article
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An iterative modified decision feedback equaliser (I-MDFE) with no feedback filter over broadband channels is proposed. Generally, in the structure of an I-DFE, a soft residual postcursor intersymbol interference (ISI) is removed by a feedback filter (FBF). However, the ISI in the I-MDFE is precancelled prior to the equalisation, which results in no requirement of the FBF. It is demonstrated in the simulation evaluation that the I-MDFE can offer excellent performance under the broadband channel, with shorter filter taps than those of an iterative linear equaliser (I-LE) and the I-DFE.
Efficient rough-set-based attribute reduction algorithm with nearest neighbour searching
Iterative decision feedback equalisation with no feedback filter
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- Author(s): P. Pulici ; G. Campardo ; G.P. Vanalli ; P.P. Stoppino ; T. Lessio ; A. Vigilante ; A. Losavio ; G. Ripamonti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 566 –568
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070453
- Type: Article
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A NOR Flash memory fully functional at 1 V is demonstrated, based on an inductor built directly into the package. A ferromagnetic nucleus is wound by means of the bonding wires and the first package substrate metal layer. The magnetic field does not affect the system since it is strictly confined into the toroidal nucleus. The whole system is enclosed into a standard BGA package 8×14×1.4 mm with 88 balls. - Author(s): M. Kossel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 568 –569
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070536
- Type: Article
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A method is presented to extend the tuning range of current-mode logic based delay cells applied in a ring oscillator. Switching-point-optimised inverters are used to implement a feed-forward control of the delay cell's output common‐mode voltage that compensates for the non-ideal frequency tuning characteristic. - Author(s): B. Calvo ; J. Ramírez-Angulo ; S.R.S. Garimella
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 569 –571
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070820
- Type: Article
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A new low-voltage CMOS V–I converter is presented, based on source degeneration. To achieve a highly linear and accurate resistance-based V–I conversion, it makes use of positive feedback gm-boosting while body effect compensation is realised through diode-connected transistors. Post-layout results from a 3 V–0.5 µm CMOS design show 0.993% V-to-I conversion accuracy, THD below −60 dB at 10 MHz up to 0.7 Vp-p,input and BW above 400 MHz with 2.1 mW power dissipation.
1V NOR Flash memory employing inductor merged within package
CML delay cell with extended tuning range
Highly-accurate low-voltage source-degenerated-based V–I converter using positive feedback
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- Author(s): G. Moreau ; K. Merghem ; A. Martinez ; S. Bouchoule ; A. Ramdane ; F. Grillot ; R. Piron ; O. Dehease ; E. Homeyer ; K. Tavernier ; S. Loualiche ; P. Berdaguer ; F. Pommerau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 571 –572
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070661
- Type: Article
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Reported is the first demonstration of the performance and properties of a singlemode Fabry-Pérot laser processed from InAs/InP(311)B quantum dot material, which gives emission at 1.516 µm under continuous-wave operation at room temperature. - Author(s): M.I. Amanti ; M. Fischer ; C. Walther ; G. Scalari ; J. Faist
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 573 –574
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070450
- Type: Article
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Far-field pattern and extraction efficiency of double metal 1.8 THz quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are controlled using miniaturised horn antennas. Enhancement of the optical output power of ten times and quasi-circular beam pattern are obtained. - Author(s): P. Spencer ; E. Clarke ; P. Howe ; R. Murray
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 574 –576
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070690
- Type: Article
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p.
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A comparison of optical and electrical derivative spectroscopy on a dual-state lasing InAs/GaAs quantum dot bilayer device is presented. The junction voltage cannot be described by a quasi-Fermi level separation and only partial clamping above the laser threshold was observed, demonstrating inhomogeneous gain. There is also competition between transverse optical modes which must be taken into account for a full understanding of dual-state lasing.
1516 nm room temperature CW operation of quantum dot InAs/InP(311)B singlemode laser
Horn antennas for terahertz quantum cascade lasers
Inhomogeneous gain effects in quantum dot lasers
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- Author(s): S. Zheng ; W.S. Chan ; S.H. Leung ; Q. Xue
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 576 –577
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070274
- Type: Article
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Conventional Butler matrices composed of hybrids, crossovers and phase shifters, are narrowband structures. Presented is a constant coupling and phase shift broadband Butler matrix with a simple structure using novel disk hybrids and improved phase shifters. - Author(s): K.J. Cho ; W.J. Kim ; S.P. Stapleton ; J.H. Kim ; B. Lee ; J.J. Choi ; J.Y. Kim ; J.C. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 577 –579
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070604
- Type: Article
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A novel three-way distributed Doherty power amplifier with an extended efficiency range for WCDMA or OFDM repeater or base-station applications is presented. This distributed Doherty amplifier consists of one main amplifier and two peaking amplifiers. To achieve high efficiency at a high back-off power, the peaking amplifier structure is based on the dual-fed distributed amplifier form. The 2140 MHz measured results of the three-way distributed Doherty amplifier yielded an 11 dB power gain, with 39.5% power added efficiency at 9.5 dB back-off power.
Broadband Butler matrix with flat coupling
Design of N-way distributed Doherty amplifier for WCDMA and OFDM applications
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- Author(s): L. Wang and Y. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 579 –580
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070781
- Type: Article
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A new method to reduce the MIMO-OFDM peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is proposed. This method applies time and spatial two-dimensional subblock permutation to the multiple antenna OFDM system based on a timeslot structure. The PAPR of multiple OFDM symbols can be significantly decreased at the same time with limited complexity.
MIMO-OFDM peak-to-average power ratio reduction by two-dimensional permutation
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- Author(s): F.-C. Zheng ; A.G. Burr ; S. Olafsson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 580 –582
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070494
- Type: Article
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A parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detection scheme is proposed to suppress the impact of imperfect synchronisation. By treating as interference the extra components in the received signal caused by timing misalignment, the PIC detector not only offers much improved performance but also retains a low structural and computational complexity.
PIC detector for distributed space-time block coding under imperfect synchronisation
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- Author(s): M.N. Petersen ; K. Schulze ; F. Ramos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 582 –584
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070518
- Type: Article
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The first demonstration of chromatic dispersion monitoring in optical networks having employed all-optical wavelength conversion is described. Experimental results confirm that dispersion monitoring based on an in-band subcarrier tone combined with wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing (FWM) render dispersion monitoring possible in an optical network utilising wavelength conversion. - Author(s): A. Tauke-Pedretti ; M. Dummer ; J.S. Barton ; M.N. Sysak ; J.W. Raring ; J. Klamkin ; L.A. Coldren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 584 –585
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070810
- Type: Article
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A fully monolithic separate absorption and modulation region wavelength converter requiring no bias tees has been fabricated. The device consists of a transmitter comprising a sampled-grating DBR laser and series-push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator, and a receiver composed of a linear semiconductor optical amplifier and a quantum well pin photodetector. The wavelength converter has a 13 GHz bandwidth and demonstrates error-free operation at 10 Gbit/s with unity gain.
Dispersion monitoring in all-optical networks using wavelength conversion based on FWM
Widely tunable 10 Gbit/s separate absorption and modulation Mach-Zehnder wavelength converter
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- Author(s): J. Xu ; X. Zhang ; J. Dong ; D. Liu ; D. Huang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 585 –587
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070301
- Type: Article
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An ultrafast all-optical logic AND gate is realised based on two cascaded Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) each followed by an optical filter to accelerate the effective recovery process of the SOAs. 40 Gbit/s operation with return-to-zero signals has been achieved with SOAs, the 90–10% recovery time of which is much greater than the single bit period. Clear open eyes with quality factor of 6.3 are observed. The proposed AND gate has a potentially loose requirement on input pulse width.
Ultrafast all-optical AND gate based on cascaded SOAs with assistance of optical filters
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- Author(s): Z.Y. Zhang ; I.J. Luxmoore ; Q. Jiang ; H.Y. Liu ; K.M. Groom ; D.T. Childs ; M. Hopkinson ; A.G. Cullis ; R.A. Hogg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 587 –589
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070828
- Type: Article
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Broadband quantum dot superluminescent light emitting diodes (LEDs) are realised by focused ion beam etching an angled facet in an edge emitting dot-in-well laser diode structure. The device exhibits a large and flat emission spectral width up to 142 nm at 0.3 mW, maximum CW output power as high as 3 mW, and effective facet reflectivity <1×10−6. - Author(s): X. Lu ; M.J. Meisner ; J. Vaillancourt ; J. Li ; W. Liu ; X. Qian ; W.D. Goodhue
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 589 –590
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070512
- Type: Article
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A modulation-doped InAs-InGaAs quantum dot (QD) longwave infrared photodetector (QDIP) is reported with a detection peak wavelength of 8.2 µm. The QDIP showed a high photoresponsivity of 0.8 A/W and a high quantum efficiency of 3.4% at the bias voltage of 0.4 V. The performance demonstration indicates that the modulation-doped QDIP is suitable for longwave infrared photodetection.
Broadband quantum dot superluminescent LED with angled facet formed by focused ion beam etching
Modulation-doped InAs-InGaAs quantum dot longwave infrared photodetector with high quantum efficiency
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- Author(s): C.T. Rodenbeck and R. Follmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 590 –592
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070911
- Type: Article
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A nonlinear device modelling methodology capable of accurately predicting large-signal harmonic distortion in gallium nitride (GaN) HEMTs is presented. Harmonic balance simulation predicts the correct load target for maximum output power, with good agreement between measured and simulated load-pull data at 8 GHz. Fundamental output power at 8 GHz as well as second- and third-order harmonic distortion products at 16 and 24 GHz, respectively, are precisely predicted into 10 dB compression for a 2 W 150 µm GaN transistor. - Author(s): M. Neuburger ; A. Aleksov ; R. Schlesser ; E. Kohn ; Z. Sitar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 592 –594
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070275
- Type: Article
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Accurate prediction of large-signal harmonic distortion in gallium nitride HEMTs
Electronic high temperature characteristics of AlN
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- Author(s): P. Faus ; A. González ; P. Zuccarello ; A. Vidal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 594 –596
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070088
- Type: Article
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A new approach to nonuniform filter bank design is introduced. The designed filter bank is composed of many different uniform sections which are joined together by transition filters. Oversampled complex modulated uniform filter banks are calculated by means of quadratic optimisation. This way, analysis and synthesis stages are designed separately, each one fulfilling its own set of constraints. Later on, uniform sections with different frequency resolutions are joined together by transition filters. The results show that the designed filter bank exhibits nearly perfect reconstruction behaviour. An example with frequency resolution similar to the first 18 critical bands is implemented.
Oversampled nonuniform filter banks using quadratic optimisation and transition filters
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- Author(s): C.H. Foh and J.W. Tantra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, page: 596 –596
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070617
- Type: Article
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The present authors would like to point out that the observation where the channel collision probability depends on whether the channel was busy or idle discussed by Kuan and Dimyati has been reported earlier by the present authors, Foh and Tantra. - Author(s): C. Kuan and K. Dimyati
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 596 –597
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070616
- Type: Article
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The present authors (Kuan and Dimyati) acknowledge the comments of Foh and Tantra in their earlier Letter. In response, they argue that busy-idle conditions had been studied prior to the publication of Foh and Tantra's comments. From their observation, different interpretations of the collision probabilities and busy probabilities are identified as fundamental differences between the two Letters. In addition, both models emphasise different aspects of performance evaluation. - Author(s): Y. Guo ; C. Chen ; S. Zhou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 43, Issue 10, p. 597 –598
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20070514
- Type: Article
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A visualisation tool is presented to facilitate the study of large-scale communications networks. This tool provides a simple and effective way to summarise the topology of a complex network at a coarse level.
Comments on the paper ‘Analysis of collision probabilities for saturated IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol’
Reply to comments on ‘Analysis of collision probabilities for saturated IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol’
Topology visualisation tool for large-scale communications networks
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