Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 42, Issue 11, 25 May 2006
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Volume 42, Issue 11
25 May 2006
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- Author(s): P.Y. Lau ; H. Wong ; E.K.N. Yung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 607 –608
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060398
- Type: Article
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An accordion shape monofilar axial mode helical antenna designed by curving the helix along the axis is proposed. This antenna achieves a low-profile characteristic as the 10-turn helix's axial length is 0.354λ. The impedance bandwidth (SWR<1.5) is 9% from the frequency of 880 to 963 MHz and the axial ratio bandwidth (AR<3 dB) is 6.5%. The measured gain is 10.2 dBi. This antenna operated at the centre frequency of 915 MHz and has a tilted radiation of 17° to the curving side. - Author(s): K.M. Chan ; E. Lee ; T.Y. Lee ; P. Gardner ; T. Dodgson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 608 –609
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060812
- Type: Article
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A differentially-fed single aperture is used to excite an unsymmetrical antenna contactlessly. The current maximum below the aperture is generated by an odd-mode signal, rather than an open-circuit stub. Simulated and measured 0.9 GHz results, with a planar inverted F antenna, suggest potential applications in mobile communication systems. - Author(s): P. Lindberg and A. Kaikkonen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 609 –611
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060708
- Type: Article
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A modified earpiece cord is proposed and evaluated as a wideband antenna for DVB-H reception. By winding the cord into a high-impedance RF choke at one-quarter wavelength distance from the handset connection, a stable wideband input impedance is achieved. Using two-chip components for impedance matching, the complete UHF band can be covered with >35% antenna efficiency. Measured and simulated results are presented with good agreement. - Author(s): H. Rhyu ; S. Heo ; Y.-S. Chung ; F.J. Harackiewicz ; B. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 611 –612
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060978
- Type: Article
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A novel and compact electrical loop antenna for an RFID reader at 433.92 MHz is proposed. Using modified and stacked patches, in-phase and uniform currents are excited so that an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a phis-component of the electric field is obtained. The antenna is analysed based on simulated and measured results.
Accordion shape monofilar axial mode helix for RFID reader
Aperture-coupled, differentially-fed planar inverted F antenna
Earpiece cord antenna for DVB-H reception in wireless terminals
Electrical loop antenna using stacked patches for 433.92 MHz RFID reader
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- Author(s): J. Favre ; B.M. Jolles ; O. Siegrist ; K. Aminian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 612 –614
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060124
- Type: Article
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Two methods to fuse a 3D gyroscope with a 3D accelerometer in order to measure rotations are presented. They are compared with a method requiring only a 3D gyroscope and assessed with a reference system. The good reported accuracies make this system suitable for clinical evaluation.
Quaternion-based fusion of gyroscopes and accelerometers to improve 3D angle measurement
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- Author(s): C.T. Charles and D.J. Allstot
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 614 –615
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061008
- Type: Article
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A linear analysis of an ALL, as it would be used in an amplitude calibration, is presented. The impact of different loop filter choices is considered, for steady-state error and loop dynamics as well as for disturbances in the input amplitude and peak detector ripple. It is shown that in most applications a loop filter with an integrator is desirable. - Author(s): P.S. Crovetti and F. Fiori
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 615 –617
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060748
- Type: Article
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A nonlinear mechanism which affects common-mode rejection (CMR) of fully differential integrated operational amplifiers (opamps) is highlighted and analysed by computer simulations. In particular, it is shown how the finite CMR of fully differential opamp circuits under practical operating conditions is mainly related to such a mechanism rather than to transistor mismatch.
Amplitude-locked loop analysis for calibration applications
Finite common-mode rejection in fully differential operational amplifiers
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- Author(s): W.S. Ra ; I.H. Whang ; H.R. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 617 –618
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064460
- Type: Article
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The non-stationary statistical property of GPS error makes it difficult todesign efficient GPS aided inertial navigation systems. To tackle theproblem, a systematic way to design the robust damping loop for the GPS/INS vertical channel is developed. Simulation results show that the proposed filter performs well, even in the presence of irregular GPS error.
Robust damping loop design for GPS/INS vertical channel
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- Author(s): Z. Cao and S. Yan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 618 –620
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061016
- Type: Article
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A robust analogue calibration technique to continuously correct for element mismatch in multi-bit switched capacitor DACs is proposed. Unlike most existing analogue calibration techniques, its accuracy is not limited by the mismatch of charge injection that is outside of the calibration loop. Using the proposed technique, multi-bit switched-capacitor DACs the linearity of which is only limited by the calibration loop gain can be realised. Simulation results show that the INL of a switched-capacitor DAC improves from 8-bit level to 15-bit level with the proposed calibration.
Robust analogue background calibration technique for multi-bit switched capacitor DACs
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- Author(s): H.C.Y. Yu ; C. Barbe ; K. Finnie ; F. Ladouceur ; D. Ng ; M.A. van Eijkelenborg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 620 –621
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060744
- Type: Article
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The fabrication of microstructured polymer optical fibre with embedded organo-silica nano-particles and quantum dots is reported. Measurements of their in-fibre fluorescence spectra are presented. - Author(s): M.S. Seo ; T.J. Kim ; S.C. Yun ; Y.-J. Jin ; H.G. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 621 –623
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061173
- Type: Article
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A polarisation scrambling scheme is employed to reduce the pump-polarisation-dependent mean-wavelength change in the Er-doped superfluorescent fibre source for gyroscope application. A PZT-based fibre-optic polarisation modulation is used at the pump port for polarisation scrambling. Changes of mean wavelength owing to pump polarisation variation are suppressed below 1 ppm.
Fluorescence from nano-particle doped optical fibres
Polarisation-scrambled Er-doped superfluorescent fibre source with improved mean-wavelength stability
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- Author(s): V. Ponomaryov ; A. Rosales-Silva ; V. Golikov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 623 –624
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060539
- Type: Article
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The adapted K-nearest neighbour and adaptive vector median filters together with vector directional processing to filter 3D images are presented. Vector median, median and adaptive vector median filters have been modified and proved to suppress impulsive noise in the video sequences. - Author(s): G. Zhu ; Q. Zeng ; C. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 624 –626
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060125
- Type: Article
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A novel framework, which combines the region and boundary information in a multiplicative manner, for active contours is proposed. The framework is implemented on the Chan-Vese active contour, which is a popular region-based active contour model. Promising results on real images demonstrate the potential of the novel framework. - Author(s): N. Cvejic ; C.N. Canagarajah ; D.R. Bull
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 626 –627
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060693
- Type: Article
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A novel image fusion performance metric using mutual information is proposed. The metric is based on Tsallis entropy, which is a one-parameter generalisation of Shannon entropy. Experimental results have confirmed that the proposed metric outperforms the standard MI metric by correlating better with the subjective quality of fused images. - Author(s): R. Lukac and K.N. Plataniotis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 627 –629
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060604
- Type: Article
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An efficient secure single-sensor camera for captured image copyright protection and ownership authentication is introduced. Visible watermarks are embedded during the colour filter array (CFA) data acquisition process. Subsequent demosaicking of the watermarked CFA grey-scale images generates secure full-colour images readily available for storage or distribution.
Adaptive and vector directional processing applied to video colour images
Framework for active contours
Image fusion metric based on mutual information and Tsallis entropy
Secure single-sensor digital camera
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- Author(s): T.-S. Kim ; S.-K. Han ; G.-W. Moon ; M.-J. Youn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 629 –630
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060488
- Type: Article
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A new high performance series-resonance energy-recovery circuit (ERC) for a plasma display panel (PDP) is proposed. Two different ERCs are used for both sides of the PDP, and the slow falling and fast rising times are employed. Therefore, it features the zero voltage switching, low electromagnetic interference, low current stress, no severe voltage notch, and high energy-recovery capability. - Author(s): V. Mosorov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 630 –632
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060338
- Type: Article
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Flow velocity distribution can be measured by means of a twin-plane tomography system and cross-correlation techniques. However, the use of these techniques based on finding the argument that maximises an estimated cross-correlation function (CCF) of corresponding pixels from two planes, in practice is limited by their low accuracy in reconstructed concentration. Presented is a method permitting the time delay to be measured with higher accuracy. The method is based on utilising the phase of the cross-spectral density of the CCF to estimate a time delay. The method is found to be more promising than the classical correlation method.
High performance series-resonance energy-recovery circuit for plasma display panel
Phase spectrum method for time delay estimation using twin-plane electrical capacitance tomography
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- Author(s): G. Della Valle ; S. Taccheo ; P. Laporta ; G. Sorbello ; E. Cianci ; V. Foglietti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 632 –633
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060555
- Type: Article
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A report is presented on an erbium-ytterbium doped waveguide amplifier fabricated by Ag-Na ion-exchange in a commercial phosphate glass substrate. The 31 mm-long active waveguide provides a maximum internal gain of 5.3 dB/cm at 1534 nm. The amplifier was fully characterised in terms of gain spectrum, noise figure, pump efficiency and gain saturation. - Author(s): S. Kopetz ; E. Rabe ; A. Neyer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 634 –635
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060984
- Type: Article
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A large area (390×150 mm) flexible polymer optical waveguide foil and its production process is presented. The waveguide materials are highly transparent, refractive index tuned polysiloxanes. The waveguide layer is embedded between two flexible PCB laminates. The optical loss at 850 nm is <0.06 dB/cm even after temperature treatments up to lead-free soldering temperatures of 290°C. - Author(s): R. Hoshi ; K. Nakatsuhara ; T. Nakagami
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 635 –636
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060924
- Type: Article
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A novel optical switching device using a Si-waveguide asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer having a ferro-electric liquid crystal cladding is proposed. The switching operation was successfully demonstrated by the experimental device designed for a 1550 nm wavelength. - Author(s): T. Mizuno ; Y. Hashizume ; M. Yanagisawa ; T. Kitoh ; A. Kaneko ; H. Takahashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 636 –638
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060364
- Type: Article
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A novel wideband planar lightwave circuit type variable optical attenuator (VOA) that incorporates a phase-generating coupler is proposed. The proposed VOA was fabricated on a 1.5%-Δ silica-based waveguide, and obtained a low insertion loss of less than 1.2 dB and a low wavelength dependent loss of less than 0.8 dB at attenuation levels of 0 to 25 dB over the C- and L-band wavelength range.
Compact high gain erbium-ytterbium doped waveguide amplifier fabricated by Ag-Na ion exchange
High-temperature stable flexible polymer waveguide laminates
Optical switching characteristics in Si-waveguide asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer having ferro-electric liquid crystal cladding
Wideband planar lightwave circuit type variable optical attenuator using phase-generating coupler
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- Author(s): L.H. Li ; M. Rossetti ; A. Fiore ; G. Patriarche
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 638 –640
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060918
- Type: Article
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An edge emitting quantum dot (QD) laser at 1430 nm is demonstrated with a structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrate. The active region is based on three InAs bilayer QDs embedded in a conventional AlGaAs/GaAs waveguide. The threshold current density is 134 A/cm2. Output power of 23 mW per facet is achieved. - Author(s): M. Ortsiefer ; G. Böhm ; M. Grau ; K. Windhorn ; E. Rönneberg ; J. Rosskopf ; R. Shau ; O. Dier ; M.-C. Amann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 640 –641
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061096
- Type: Article
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Continuous wave (CW) operation at room temperature of electrically pumped InGaAlAs/InP vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) at emission wavelengths as high as 2.3 µm is demonstrated for the first time. Devices with 15 µm active region diameter show a maximum output power of 0.75 mW at 20°C and a maximum CW operating temperature of 45°C.
1.43 µm InAs bilayer quantum dot lasers on GaAs substrate
Electrically pumped room temperature CW VCSELs with 2.3 µm emission wavelength
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- Author(s): A.A. Semenov ; S.F. Karmanenko ; B.A. Kalinikos ; G. Srinivasan ; A.N. Slavin ; J.V. Mantese
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 641 –642
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060164
- Type: Article
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A novel electric and magnetic field tunable microwave resonator with a yttrium iron garnet and barium strontium titanate layered structure is investigated. The measured characteristics at 3.6 GHz, corresponding to the proximity of magnetic and dielectric resonance modes, show a broadband electrical tunability. A tuning range of 1.5% of the central resonance frequency is obtained for nominal electric fields.
Dual-tunable hybrid wave ferrite-ferroelectric microwave resonator
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- Author(s): R. de Renesse ; V. Friderikos ; H. Aghvami
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 642 –644
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064405
- Type: Article
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Quantifying available resources is the main concern for the design of an efficient admission control protocol in mobile ad hoc networks. Proposed is a novel signalling strategy for efficient acquisition of bandwidth information and this is evaluated through accuracy and overhead analysis. - Author(s): M.M. Akho-Zahieh and O.C. Ugweje
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 644 –645
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060861
- Type: Article
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A novel wavelet packet based multicarrier multicode coded division multiple access (CDMA) system is developed and analysed. The effect of wavelet family and the number of wavelet packets superstream are investigated in terms of signal-to-noise plus interference ratio. Performance of the system is compared to several CDMA based systems. Results show that the system performs significantly better than other systems.
Resource information acquisition for QoS provision in mobile ad hoc networks
Wavelet packet based MC/MCD-CDMA communication system
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- Author(s): C.-S. Liao and J.-K. Hwang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 646 –647
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064378
- Type: Article
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The GPS common-view method has recently been utilised with P3 code rather than C/A code in TAI computation. Cases using both conventional and smoothed P3 code are investigated to understand the characteristics of GPS common-view time transfer closures with IGS precise ephemeris. Analytical results reveal that smoothed P3 code yields a lower uncertainty than conventional P3 code.
Around-the-world GPS common-view closures with conventional P3 and smoothed P3 codes
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- Author(s): A. Ozcan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 647 –649
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060672
- Type: Article
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A new technique based on logarithmic Hilbert transform processing of Maker-fringe curves to characterise second-order optical nonlinear depth profile of thin films is described and demonstrated experimentally. This technique, being analytical, is faster than its iterative alternative. This is the first time that a Hilbert transform based analytical tool has been applied to characterise nonlinear thin films. - Author(s): C. Dorrer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 649 –650
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20063212
- Type: Article
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Temporal phase shifts induced by cross-phase modulation are directly characterised with a spectral equivalent of the Foucault technique used to spatially resolve wavefronts. The temporal phase induced by a high power pulsed pump on a monochromatic probe is converted to a temporal intensity modulation via spectral filtering. A measurement of the modulated instantaneous power of the filtered signal allows direct determination of the time-resolved nonlinear phase shift. An experimental demonstration is performed on a highly nonlinear fibre.
Characterisation of nonlinear thin films using logarithmic Hilbert transform
Measurement of nonlinear temporal phase shifts using spectral Foucault technique
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- Author(s): J.D. Downie ; M. Sauer ; J. Hurley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 650 –652
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061184
- Type: Article
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Dispersion-limited DWDM transmission at 10.7 Gbit/s with 38 channels at the worst-case long-wavelength end of the C-band is demonstrated up to 1500 km without optical in-line or post-compensation. Duobinary modulation, MLSE-EDC, and NZ-DSF are combined to achieve practical distances with a simple system well-suited to optical networking. - Author(s): T. Jayasinghe and C.J. Chae
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 652 –653
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064430
- Type: Article
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A new technique for LAN emulation over an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is proposed using a shared regenerator node for clustered subscribers. It is shown that up to 256 subscribers supported by eight different EPON plants can be put into the LAN environment. - Author(s): J. Jiang ; M.R. Handley ; J.M. Senior
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 653 –655
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061268
- Type: Article
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A dynamic bandwidth assignment MAC protocol is proposed to facilitate the upstream channel resource sharing and to support differentiated services over GPON. A new procedure for bandwidth reporting and a novel balance transferring mechanism are incorporated together with efficient bandwidth assignment. Simulated upstream throughput characteristics demonstrate significantly improved network performance. - Author(s): Y. Miyagawa ; T. Yamamoto ; H. Masuda ; M. Abe ; H. Takahashi ; H. Takara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 655 –657
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061072
- Type: Article
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Over-10 000-channel multi-carriers with uniform channel spacing of 2.5 GHz are generated from a supercontinuum (SC) multi-carrier source, which uses two parallel SC conversion sections. More than 3100 channels in the C+L-bands are confirmed to offer Q-factors sufficient for GbE transport.
1500 km transmission over NZ-DSF without in-line or post-compensation of dispersion for 38×10.7 Gbit/s channels
Community LAN implementation over Ethernet passive optical network using remote regenerator
Dynamic bandwidth assignment MAC protocol for differentiated services over GPON
Over-10 000-channel 2.5 GHz-spaced ultra-dense WDM light source
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- Author(s): M.N. Sysak ; J.W. Raring ; J.S. Barton ; M. Dummer ; A. Tauke-Pedretti ; H.N. Poulsen ; D.J. Blumenthal ; L.A. Coldren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 657 –658
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060621
- Type: Article
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A single-chip photocurrent-driven wavelength converter operating at 10 Gbit/s is presented. The device consists of a monolithically integrated widely tunable transmitter and an optical receiver. The transmitter consists of a sampled grating DBR laser, electroabsorption modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The optical receiver includes a quantum-well pin photodetector and a set of two SOA preamplifiers. Bit error rate measurements at 10 Gbit/s with a 231−1 PRBS showed less than 1 dB of power penalty for conversion between 1550 nm and output wavelengths ranging from 1531 to 1563 nm.
Single-chip, widely-tunable 10 Gbit/s photocurrent-driven wavelength converter incorporating a monolithically integrated laser transmitter and optical receiver
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- Author(s): J.G. Garcia ; J. Cardesin ; J.A. Martin ; M.A. Dalla-Costa ; J.M. Lopera
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 658 –660
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060471
- Type: Article
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If high intensity discharge (HID) lamps are operated with non-resonant inverters, the preferred ignition method consists of an igniter in series with the lamp. This igniter usually includes an inductor, because of the secondary winding of a step-up transformer. This series inductance could have undesirable effects on steady state lamp operation. Presented is a HID lamps series igniter, with neglegible effect in lamp steady state waveforms. A prototype has been built and tested, and experimental results are shown.
Winding strategy in igniter transformers to minimise series inductance effects in HID lamps operation
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- Author(s): A. Lin and H. Ling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 660 –661
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060355
- Type: Article
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A two-dimensional Doppler and direction-of-arrival (DDOA) radar concept is proposed for the frontal imaging of humans. The system consists of a three-element receiver array configured to provide simultaneous DOA measurements in the azimuth and elevation planes. An experimental system has been built and tested. Two-dimensional frontal images of a human in free space as well as in a through-wall scenario are generated.
Frontal imaging of human using three- element Doppler and direction-of-arrival radar
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- Author(s): D.M. Keogh ; P.M. Asbeck ; T. Chung ; J. Limb ; D. Yoo ; J.-H. Ryou ; W. Lee ; S.-C. Shen ; R.D. Dupuis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 661 –663
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060333
- Type: Article
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High current gain InGaN base heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with a graded emitter design are presented. The devices show incremental current gain values above 30, and low offset and knee voltages of approximately 2–3 and 5–6 V, respectively. Device operation was demonstrated at temperatures as high as 300°C. - Author(s): D.F. Storm ; J.A. Roussos ; D.S. Katzer ; J.A. Mittereder ; R. Bass ; S.C. Binari ; D. Hanser ; E.A. Preble ; K. Evans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 663 –665
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060648
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AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on free-standing GaN substrates grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE) have been fabricated. Hall measurements yielded typical electron mobilities of 1750 cm2/Vs with sheet densities of 1.1×1013 cm−2. Off-state breakdown voltages as high as 200 V were measured on unpassivated devices. Output power density at 4 GHz was measured to be 5.1 W/mm at a power-added efficiency of 46% and an associated gain of 13.4 dB. This constitutes significant improvement of RF performance by MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on free-standing HVPE GaN.
High current gain InGaN/GaN HBTs with 300°C operating temperature
Microwave power performance of MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on HVPE GaN substrates
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- Author(s): R. Edwards ; C. Sturt ; S. Villette ; A. Kondoz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 11, p. 665 –666
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060445
- Type: Article
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A novel technique for accurately measuring the voicing content of a speech signal for parametric speech coders is presented. This technique does not use signal periodicity but utilises the phase-spread information contained in the individual pitch cycles of the speech signal, giving greater time accuracy. This non-reliance on periodicity also brings increased robustness to small variations in pitch, which can affect the accuracy of the voicing analysis. Compared to traditional methods this voicing technique more accurately reflects the natural evolution of the speech signal over time.
Phase-spread voicing analysis in parametric speech coders
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