Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 42, Issue 10, 11 May 2006
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Volume 42, Issue 10
11 May 2006
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- Author(s): J. Ramırez-Angulo ; S.R.S. Garimella ; A.J. López-Martın ; R.G. Carvajal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 559 –560
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060750
- Type: Article
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A new and compact scheme for a programmable current mirror is introduced. It features linear gain continuously adjustable in a wide range. In such a scheme differential pairs are used as current steering elements in order to provide gain programmability. All mirror transistors operate in strong inversion. Implementation of a linear OTA/multiplier is discussed. Experimental verification of the proposed scheme is provided. - Author(s): J.-M. Redouté and M. Steyaert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 560 –561
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060275
- Type: Article
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The design of an improved current mirror is described, capable of filtering conducted electromagnetic interference without causing charge pumping. One of the major advantages of this structure lies in the reduced capacitance needed to realise the filter function, making this circuit perfectly suitable to use in an integrated environment.
Gain programmable current mirrors based on current steering
Improved EMI filtering current mirror structure requiring reduced capacitance
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- Author(s): A.J. Willis and C.J. Baker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 561 –563
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060361
- Type: Article
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A simple technique is reported, able to generate ideal array antenna difference beam patterns necessary for high angular accuracy determination from linear array radar systems. The technique relies on an approximation to the Zolotarev polynomial. - Author(s): J.-Y. Sze ; C.-I.G. Hsu ; J.-J. Jiao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 563 –564
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064479
- Type: Article
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A circular slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed for dual-band operations. Dual frequency bands that cover the 2.4 GHz (2400–2484 MHz) and 5 GHz (5150–5825 MHz) bands were obtained by embedding a pair of slits in the circular back-patch that is printed on the backside of the substrate and concentric with the circular slot. This design resulted in broadside far-field patterns with low cross-polarisation levels in both frequency bands and a small antenna size of 40×40 mm with the ground plane regarded as part of the antenna structure. - Author(s): F. Xiao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 564 –566
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060217
- Type: Article
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High-order accurate unconditionally-stable implicit multi-stage finite-difference time-domain (IMS-FDTD) methods are presented, among which the details of an IMS(6,4)-FDTD method are given for demonstration. The analysis of the numerical dispersion relation shows that their performance is much better than those of conventional unconditionally-stable implicit FDTD methods. - Author(s): J.R. Verbiest and G.A.E. Vandenbosch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 566 –567
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060377
- Type: Article
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A novel topology, based on the PTMA, is investigated in view of UWB WBAN applications. It is shown that adding carefully placed slots in the antenna offers a lot of advantages. The study presented treats all aspects that are important. First, the specifications in the frequency domain are met for the lower UWB band. Secondly, the design is made such that a small size is obtained. Thirdly, and very important, the presence of the human body is investigated. Finally, the pulse distortion in the frequency band 4–7 GHz is investigated and found to be low. The main conclusion is that this PTMA type is a very good topology for UWB applications in combination with human bodies. - Author(s): O. Fiser and V. Kveton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 567 –569
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060326
- Type: Article
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A relative root mean square error (RMSE) between the cumulative distribution of rain-rates derived from several years' (x years) measurement and a long-term (N years, N>x) measurement is given. Long-term (63 years) data from the Czech Republic are used. It is concluded that a period of 10–20 years' measurement is required to reduce this relative rain-rate RMSE to under 7%. An applicable example of a relative error computation (caused by the microwave link rain attenuation estimation from only a few years' measurement) is also given.
Approximation to Zolotarev polynomial ideal difference beams for linear arrays
CPW-fed circular slot antenna with slit back-patch for 2.4/5 GHz dual-band operation
High-order accurate unconditionally-stable implicit multi-stage FDTD method
Small-size planar triangular monopole antenna for UWB WBAN applications
Stability of rain-rate distribution: how many years to measure?
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- Author(s): S. Koo ; S. Kim ; D. Azougagh ; Y. Cho ; S. Maeng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 569 –571
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064195
- Type: Article
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By studying the behaviour of general programmes, it was observed that over 50% of bytes in a data cache are zero-valued. To reduce this waste of zero-valued spaces in a data cache, an overlapped cache scheme, which allows one cache line entry to hold up to two cache lines, is proposed. Experimental results show that, for SPEC2000 benchmarks, the proposed design reduces cache misses by 29% on average over a conventional direct-mapped cache.
Reducing cache misses through cache line overlapping
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- Author(s): H.C. Nguyen ; K. Finsterbusch ; D.J. Moss ; B.J. Eggleton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 571 –572
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060605
- Type: Article
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Wavelength-dependent measurements of the nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) in a highly nonlinear As2Se3 chalcogenide fibre, from 1415 to 1554 nm, are presented. It is found that the FOM decreases monotonically towards shorter wavelengths, as the material half-bandgap is approached. The FOM > 1 for wavelengths above 1450 nm suggests applications for nonlinear optics in the C-band. - Author(s): J. Li and P.R. Herman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 572 –573
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060425
- Type: Article
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A compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with high 27 dB modulation ratio was fabricated on the end facet of a singlemode optical fibre by F2-laser micromachining. The deep ultraviolet (157 nm) laser excised a shallow phase-shift channel across one-half of the fibre core to generate sinusoidal interference spectra controllable by the laser-etch depth. - Author(s): G. Brambilla ; J. Mills ; V. Finazzi ; F. Koizumi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 574 –575
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060503
- Type: Article
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A broad smooth supercontinuum has been generated at long wavelengths in a highly-nonlinear bismuth silicate fibre pumping near the zero-dispersion wavelength of the cladding glass.
Dispersion in nonlinear figure of merit of As2Se3 chalcogenide fibre
F2-laser micromachining of fibre-tipped Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Long-wavelength supercontinuum generation in bismuth-silicate fibres
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- Author(s): S.-S. Huang ; L.-C. Fu ; P.-Y. Hsiao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 575 –577
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060044
- Type: Article
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A novel approach for recovering the human body configuration based on the silhouette is presented. By considering pose inference as traversing the difference subspaces and using a data-driven mechanism, reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) can explore such solution space very efficiently. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Silhouette-based human pose estimation using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo
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- Author(s): R. Rehm ; M. Walther ; J. Schmitz ; J. Fleißner ; J. Ziegler ; W. Cabanski ; R. Breiter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 577 –578
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060878
- Type: Article
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Based on type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes, the first report of a dual-colour infrared camera with excellent NETD values<30 mK for the shortwave channel with a cutoff wavelength of 4.0 µm and <17 mK for the longwave channel with 5.0 µm cutoff is presented. The bispectral system, which offers a simultaneous and pixel-registered detection of both colours, allows remote imaging of carbon dioxide. - Author(s): C.-W. Hung ; H.-L. Lin ; Y.-Y. Tsai ; P.-H. Lai ; S.-I. Fu ; H.-I. Chen ; W.-C. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 578 –580
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060529
- Type: Article
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A novel and interesting three-terminal-controlled active resistor-type hydrogen sensor, based on good properties in the linear region of an AlGaAs-based pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor in combination with the catalytic Pd metal, is demonstrated. The experimental results show that the gate–source voltage VGS exhibits significant influence on the hydrogen-sensing properties, including resistance sensitivity, detection limit of hydrogen concentration, conductance variation, current variation and dynamic response. Consequently, under an appropriate applied VGS bias, a smart active resistor-type hydrogen sensor can be achieved.
Dual-colour thermal imaging with InAs/GaSb superlattices in mid-wavelength infrared spectral range
Three-terminal-controlled resistor-type hydrogen sensor
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- Author(s): S. Pal and A.K. Ghosh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 580 –581
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060423
- Type: Article
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Singly-clamped cantilevers actuated by optical radiation pressure exerted by a laser are analysed. An expression for optimum point of actuation giving the maximum amount of deflection is obtained.
Optimal actuation of micro-cantilevers by laser radiation pressure
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- Author(s): H. Ou ; K. Rottwitt ; H. Philipp
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 581 –583
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060200
- Type: Article
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Microring resonators fabricated on silica-on-silicon technology using deep glass etching are demonstrated. The fabrication procedures are introduced and the transmission spectrum of a resonator is presented.
Deep glass etched microring resonators based on silica-on-silicon technology
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- Author(s): M. Hümmer ; K. Rößner ; T. Lehnhardt ; M. Müller ; A. Forchel ; R. Werner ; M. Fischer ; J. Koeth
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 583 –584
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060528
- Type: Article
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Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of a singlemode GaInAsSb/GaSb/AlGaAsSb distributed feedback (DFB) laser is presented at a record long emission wavelength for this material system of 2.843 µm. The threshold current at 20°C is 75 mA. Mode selection was realised by metal gratings laterally patterned to a ridge waveguide. By varying the grating period, DFB emission from 2.738 up to 2.843 µm is obtained. - Author(s): E. Pougeoise ; Ph. Gilet ; Ph. Grosse ; S. Poncet ; A. Chelnokov ; J.-M. Gérard ; G. Bourgeois ; R. Stevens ; R. Hamelin ; M. Hammar ; J. Berggren ; P. Sundgren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 584 –586
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060060
- Type: Article
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Results on strained InGaAs quantum well vertical cavity surface emitting lasers for optical interconnection applications are reported. Fundamental mode continuous-wave lasing at wavelengths beyond 1300 nm is demonstrated at room temperature. The metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy grown structure was processed as top p-type distribute Bragg reflector oxide-confined devices.
Long wavelength GaInAsSb-AlGaAsSb distributed-feedback lasers emitting at 2.84 µm
Strained InGaAs quantum well vertical cavity surface emitting lasers emitting at 1.3 µm
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- Author(s): H.L. Hu ; X.D. Huang ; C.H. Cheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 586 –587
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060789
- Type: Article
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A novel ultra-wideband bandpass filter based on a back-to-back microstrip–CPW transition structure is presented. The filter is composed of two microstrip–CPW transitions and a section of microstrip line used as a multiple-mode resonator. The filter has been investigated numerically and experimentally. Both simulated and measured results show that the filter has a good performance, including a small insertion loss, a group delay variation of less than 0.2 ns, stopband of up to 16.0 GHz at high frequencies, and an out-of-band rejection level of below −20.0 dB.
Ultra-wideband bandpass filter using CPW-to-microstrip coupling structure
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- Author(s): W. Shieh and C. Athaudage
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 587 –589
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060561
- Type: Article
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Coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is proposed to combat dispersion in optical media. It is shown that optical-signal-to-noise ratio penalty at 10 Gbit/s is maintained below 2 dB for 3000 km transmission of standard-singlemode fibre without dispersion compensation. - Author(s): A.V. Tran ; C.-J. Chae ; R.S. Tucker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 589 –591
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20064393
- Type: Article
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We report a new passive optical network (PON) architecture to reduce customer transmitter cost using an upstream repeater at the remote node. The system can further provide both downstream and upstream regeneration by utilising standard bidirectional transceivers. Our architecture can extend a conventional PON's feeder fibre reach to 50 km and split ratio to 1:256. The system demonstration shows insignificant penalty to the existing network performance and meets the IEEE 802.3ah standard requirements. - Author(s): J. Prat and J.M. Gené
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 591 –592
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060407
- Type: Article
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The duobinary signalling concept is applied to direct frequency modulation of a semiconductor laser. The main goal is the achievement of a low-cost high bit-rate transmission with reduced modulation bandwidth requirement of the laser diode. The simulation and experimental work demonstrate a laser modulation bandwidth reduction of about 50%. The system exhibits a high tolerance against fibre nonlinear effects, up to 20 dBm, and phase noise, up to 170 MHz of linewidth at 10 Gbit/s. - Author(s): S.S.-H. Yam and F. Achten
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 592 –594
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20061011
- Type: Article
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For cost and design simplicity, various optical access network architectures have been proposed where downstream traffic from the optical line terminal to the optical networking unit is transmitted by carriers in the 1550 nm window and upstream traffic by those in the 1300 nm window. A new generation of multimode fibre has been designed to accommodate this requirement and to address technical challenges associated with fibre coupling. By restricting the number of modes at both fibre input and output using off-the-shelf singlemode transceivers, single-wavelength 40 Gbit/s data transmission over 3.4 km broad wavelength window multimode fibre has been demonstrated. A bandwidth distance product of 136 Gbit/s is achieved. - Author(s): S. Taccheo ; G. Della Valle ; K. Ennser ; G. Sorbello ; S. Jiang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 594 –595
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060233
- Type: Article
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A sub-metre-long optically-gain-clamped all-fibre amplifier based on a highly-doped Er-Yb-doped phosphate glass fibre of <10 cm length is demonstrated. Optical gain clamping by means of a very short laser cavity results in high insensitivity to channel power transients with only 4% extra pump power penalty. Exploiting all-fibre technology, such a device is very promising for WDM metro network applications. - Author(s): W. Lee ; S.H. Cho ; M.Y. Park ; J.H. Lee ; C. Kim ; G. Jeong ; B.W. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 596 –597
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060289
- Type: Article
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Negative detuning of the passband frequency of the wavelength filter, particularly used as a wavelength demultiplexer at the central office in the loop-back WDM-PON, is demonstrated. This method is experimentally proved to suppress further the residual downstream component included in the optical upstream data in the remodulation scheme, resulting in improvement of the upstream performance.
Coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
Low-cost and scalable passive optical network architecture using remote repeater
Reduction of laser modulation bandwidth requirement in FSK systems using duobinary coding and differential detection
Single wavelength 40 Gbit/s transmission over 3.4 km broad wavelength window multimode fibre
Transient insensitive all-fibre gain-clamped EDFA based on highly-doped Er:Yb-fibre
Wavelength filter detuning for improved carrier reuse in loop-back WDM-PON
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- Author(s): A.R. Kost and T.C. Hasenberg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 597 –598
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060141
- Type: Article
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Semiconductor Bragg mirrors on InP substrates that use GaAs/GaSb and AlAs/AlSb superlattices for the optically reflecting layers are described. The use of superlattices circumvents difficulties with growth of the GaAsSb and AlAsSb alloys, and they are transparent for wavelengths as short as 1050 nm. The mirrors can be combined with conventional InGaAsP active layers that can also be grown on InP.
GaAs/GaSb–AlAs/AlSb optical Bragg reflectors
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- Author(s): A. Matiss ; W. Prost ; F.-J. Tegude
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 599 –600
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060122
- Type: Article
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A concept for 2∶1 demultiplexing of an optical data stream has been developed and verified by transient simulation. The monolithic integration of broadband pin-photodiodes and resonant tunnelling diodes on InP-substrate allow the realisation of a demultiplexer circuit based on the principle of monostable–bistable logic elements (MOBILE) with very low complexity and device count. A design of two MOBILE gates is introduced and verified by simulation.
Optoelectronic 1∶2 demultiplexing based on resonant tunnelling diodes and pin-photodetectors
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- Author(s): S. Gozu ; A. Ueta ; N. Yamamoto ; K. Akahane ; N. Ohtani ; M. Tsuchiya
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 600 –601
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060077
- Type: Article
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Metamorphic InGaAs/AlAsSb multiple quantum wells (M-MQWs) were grown on GaAs substrate, and a polarity dependent optical absorption of the M-MQWs was evaluated. Intersubband absorptions were clearly observed in the M-MQWs. Therefore, M-MQWs can be applied to the intersubband devices operating toward short-wavelength region. - Author(s): B. Kunert ; A. Klehr ; S. Reinhard ; K. Volz ; W. Stolz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 601 –603
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060295
- Type: Article
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Electrical injection lasing has been verified for GaP-based broad-area Ga(NAsP)/GaP single-quantum-well heterostructures near room temperature for the first time. The lasers have been grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy. Owing to the comparable lattice constants of this novel material system to that of Si, this novel dilute nitride III/V laser material might be applied for optoelectronic devices integrated to Si microelectronics in the future. - Author(s): C.R. Müller ; L. Worschech ; A. Forchel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 603 –604
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060312
- Type: Article
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A novel compact, monolithic memory device based on Y-branched junctions with embedded quantum dots is demonstrated. Up sweeps and down sweeps of the voltage difference between the branches lead to a pronounced threshold hysteresis exceeding 0.5 V. It is concluded that the charge state of the quantum dots and thus the hysteresis is also controlled by the self-gating in an electron Y-branch switch.
Metamorphic InGaAs/AlAsSb quantum wells grown on GaAs substrates for intersubband devices operating toward short-wavelength region
Near room temperature electrical injection lasing for dilute nitride Ga(NAsP)/GaP quantum-well structures grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy
Self-gating controlled pronounced threshold hysteresis in electron Y-branch switch with quantum dots
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- Author(s): D.C. McLernon ; E. Alameda-Hernández ; A.G. Orozco-Lugo ; M.M. Lara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 42, Issue 10, p. 604 –606
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20060127
- Type: Article
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A recent improvement in superimposed training for channel estimation, where the training sequence is actually added to the information data, is called data-dependent superimposed training (DDST). Here we show (theoretically and via simulations) that the performance of DDST (both for channel estimation and equalisation) may suffer minimal degradation when implemented without the use of a cyclic prefix (which carries only redundant information).
Performance of data-dependent superimposed training without cyclic prefix
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