Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 41, Issue 17, 18 August 2005
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Volume 41, Issue 17
18 August 2005
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- Author(s): A.J. López-Martín ; C.A. De La Cruz ; X. Ugalde ; R.G. Carvajal ; J. Ramirez-Angulo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 935 –936
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051904
- Type: Article
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A novel sample and hold (S&H) circuit is presented based on the use of a class AB CMOS operational transconductance amplifier with very high slew rate and very low static power consumption. The circuit has been fabricated in a 0.5 µm double-poly CMOS technology. The quiescent power consumption is only 80 µW using a dual supply voltage of ±1.35 V. The S&H occupies 0.075 mm2 of silicon area.
Micropower CMOS S&H circuit for ambient intelligence applications
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- Author(s): Q. Gao ; Y. Yin ; D.-B. Yan ; N.-C. Yuan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 936 –937
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051239
- Type: Article
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A novel ultra-thin radar-absorbing material (RAM) using metamaterials is presented, and the absorption performance is examined. Owing to the high-impedance property of the metamaterials, the thickness of the RAM is about several tenths of the centre wavelength of the absorption band, considerably thinner than conventional absorbers. The absorption bandwidth of the RAM is about several hundred megahertz. - Author(s): W.-C. Liu and Z.-K. Hu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 937 –939
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052222
- Type: Article
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A folded slot is introduced to expand the impedance bandwidth and miniaturise the size of a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed patch monopole antenna for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. The designed antenna, which, including ground plane, is only 13 mm in height and 11 mm in width, can operate at the 5.8 GHz band with measured impedance bandwidth and average antenna gain of 30% and ≥5 dBi, respectively, and also conical radiation patterns. These properties make the antenna suitable for RFID tags. - Author(s): B.L. Ooi and I. Ang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 939 –940
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051764
- Type: Article
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A new wideband flower-shaped microstrip antenna patch, semicircle-fed, is investigated. The broadband characteristic is achieved by introducing flower petals at the four sides of a rectangular patch. The proposed antenna is able to achieve an impedance bandwidth of 63% for VSWR less than 2. Using the same excitation mechanism, a comparison between the proposed antenna, a similar-size rectangular-shaped patch antenna and a diamond-shaped patch antenna is given. - Author(s): Y.-F. Lin ; P.-C. Liao ; P.-S. Cheng ; H.-M. Chen ; C.T.P. Song ; P.S. Hall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 940 –942
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051571
- Type: Article
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A miniature printed H-shaped narrow slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed for WLAN applications in the 2.4 GHz band. The antenna with a simplified open-end tuning stub is also proposed. The prototype has been designed and fabricated and found to have a bandwidth of 13.5%, and the radiation pattern measured at resonance is very close to omnidirectional in the H-plane. The characteristics of the proposed antenna has been investigated using simulation software HFSS and experimental results. The measured and simulated results show excellent agreement. - Author(s): N.A. Pérez Garcia ; L.A.R. da Silva Mello ; M.S. Pontes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 942 –943
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052223
- Type: Article
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Measurements of differential rain attenuation in line-of-sight microwave and millimetre-wave convergent links were performed at two sites in Brazil. Cumulative distributions of differential rain attenuation for 36 pairs of links were obtained and an empirical prediction model has been derived. - Author(s): L. Lu and J.C. Coetzee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 944 –945
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052312
- Type: Article
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A novel reduced-size microstrip rectangular patch antenna for Bluetooth operation is presented. The proposed antenna operates in the 2400–2484 MHz ISM band. Although an air substrate is introduced, the antenna occupies a small volume of 33.3×6.6×0.8 mm. The gain and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna are predicted using a commercial finite-element method software package. The predicted results show good agreement with measured data. - Author(s): S. Tanaka ; S. Hayashida ; H. Morishita ; Y. Atsumi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 945 –946
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052094
- Type: Article
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A simple and successful design method that yields a wideband and compact antenna without a ground plane is proposed. The antenna, referred to as the folded loop antenna, can, with the right parameters, achieve wideband characteristics. Calculated and measured results agree well and more than 50% bandwidth (return loss ≤−10 dB) is obtained. - Author(s): S. Liu and B. Guan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 947 –948
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051871
- Type: Article
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A novel high temperature superconductor microstrip antenna with the distributed Josephson inductance approach having been used is presented. The antenna shows a wide bandwidth property which is obtained by varying the DC current flowing through the patch.
Application of metamaterials to ultra-thin radar-absorbing material design
Broadband CPW-fed folded-slot monopole antenna for 5.8 GHz RFID application
Broadband semicircle-fed flower-shaped microstrip patch antenna
CPW-fed capacitive H-shaped narrow slot antenna
Measurements and prediction of differential rain attenuation in convergent links
Reduced-size microstrip patch antenna for Bluetooth applications
Wideband and compact folded loop antenna
Wideband high-temperature superconducting microstrip antenna
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- Author(s): L. Mengibar ; L. Entrena ; M. García Lorenz ; E. San Millán
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 948 –949
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052307
- Type: Article
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The problem of finite state machine (FSM) encoding for low power in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is addressed. In this technology, one-hot encoding is typically recommended for large FSMs and binary encoding for small FSMs. A partitioned encoding approach is proposed which uses a combination of both binary encoding and zero-one-hot encoding with intermediate code size. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed encoding approach can produce significant power savings.
Partitioned state encoding for low power in FPGAs
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- Author(s): L.H. Yu ; J.C. Fang ; C. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 950 –951
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052391
- Type: Article
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The gimbal angle of a magnetically suspended control moment gyro system deviates from nominal values due to disturbances. This causes control constraints during attitude manoeuvres and increases the risk of encountering singularities. Presented is a new method to eliminate this disturbance of the gimbal servo-system using adaptive inverse control and the effectiveness of this method is shown. This compensates for gimbal angle offset and increases the precision of attitude manoeuvres during nonlinear friction disturbed torque and coupling torque caused by the high-speed magnetic suspended rotor.
Magnetically suspended control moment gyro gimbal servo-system using adaptive inverse control during disturbances
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- Author(s): D.J. Moss ; Y. Miao ; V. Ta'eed ; E.C. Mägi ; B.J. Eggleton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 951 –953
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051819
- Type: Article
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A novel method of coupling to high-index, small mode-field diameter, waveguides using free-standing tapered ‘grapefruit’ microstructured optical fibre pigtails with mode fields down to 1 µm is presented. 0.15 dB mode mismatch loss with chalcogenide rib waveguides is demonstrated, a reduction of more than 5 from high NA fibre, and it is shown that they can be used to butt-couple to silicon nanowires. - Author(s): H. An and S. Fleming
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 953 –954
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051907
- Type: Article
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The second-order nonlinearity profile in a thermally poled special twin-hole fibre with a borosilicate ring layer around the anode hole has been characterised with second-harmonic microscopy. The induced nonlinearity was found confined to the borosilicate layer at lower poling voltages but could overcome it and reach the fibre core when the poling voltages were higher. - Author(s): A.M. Clohessy ; N. Healy ; D.F. Murphy ; C.D. Hussey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 954 –955
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052367
- Type: Article
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The successful production of very short, very low-loss nanowire tapers from singlemode optical fibres is reported. A pre-heated taper process in which the fibre is pre-necked is introduced. A waist diameter of 400 nm is found to be the point of delineation between strong guidance (>400 nm) and weak guidance (<400 nm) in these structures.
Coupling to high-index waveguides via tapered microstructured optical fibre
Second-order nonlinearity profile in twin-hole fibre with borosilicate layer around anode hole
Short low-loss nanowire tapers on singlemode fibres
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- Author(s): Z.-M. Lu and H. Burkhardt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 956 –957
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052176
- Type: Article
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A new kind of feature for colour image retrieval based on DCT-domain vector quantisation (VQ) index histograms (DCTVQIH) is proposed. For each colour image in the database, 12 histograms (four for each colour component) are calculated from 12 DCT-VQ index sequences, respectively. The retrieval simulation results show that, compared with the traditional spatial-domain colour-histogram-based features, the proposed features can largely improve the recall and precision performance. - Author(s): T. Koga ; A. Shiozaki ; M. Iwata ; A. Ogihara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 957 –958
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051798
- Type: Article
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A new information hiding method in JPEG coded domain of digital images is proposed. The method embeds three bits of digital data into two quantised DCT coefficients by increasing or decreasing the value of each coefficient by one. Thus a lot of data are embedded without degrading image quality. - Author(s): L. Yang ; H. Lu ; B. Wang ; X. Xue ; Y.-P. Tan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 958 –960
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051142
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a shot boundary classification method by exploiting the characteristics of the four shot boundary types, i.e. shot cuts, dissolves, fades, and wipes, and discovering the inherent temporal pattern from the frames around each detected shot boundary. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Colour image retrieval based on DCT-domain vector quantisation index histograms
Information hiding using operation of modulo 3 in JPEG coded domain
Shot boundary classification by temporal pattern discovery from Laplacian eigenmap
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- Author(s): S.H.-L. Tu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 960 –961
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051882
- Type: Article
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A novel differential pulsewidth control loop (PWCL) is proposed, in which a balanced charge pump is employed so that the PWCL does not require a 50% duty cycle reference clock. A test chip is realised in a 0.35 µm CMOS process, and the measured results show that the tuning range for the duty cycle of the input clock is from 27 to 71% at 1 GHz operating frequency. - Author(s): R.E. Makon ; R. Driad ; K. Schneider ; H. Maßler ; R. Aidam ; R. Quay ; M. Schlechtweg ; G. Weimann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 961 –963
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20050986
- Type: Article
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A fundamental low phase noise W-band VCO extended by an output buffer using InP/InGaAs DHBT technology is reported. The fully integrated differential VCO exhibits operation frequencies ranging from 83 to 89 GHz. At 87 GHz, a minimum phase noise of −102 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency has been achieved. Within the tuning range, a single ended output power up to 5 dBm was measured, resulting in a total signal power of 8 dBm.
Design and implementation of differential pulsewidth control loop for GHz VLSI systems
Fundamental low phase noise InP-based DHBT VCO operating up to 89 GHz
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- Author(s): C. Liu ; H. Cao ; G.A. Smolyakov ; P.G. Eliseev ; M. Osiński
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 963 –964
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052332
- Type: Article
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Mode-beating spectra are investigated in long-perimeter (1.028 cm) monolithically integrated multiple-quantum-well semiconductor ring lasers. The beating line near 8 GHz is found to be split into two components. With increasing pumping current, a normal component shifts to lower frequencies, while an anomalous higher-frequency component shifts in the opposite direction. It is suggested the anomalous blue-shifting line results from power-induced perturbation of the refractive index in the vicinity of a strong mode. - Author(s): S. Nishikawa ; M. Gotoda ; T. Nishimura ; Y. Tokuda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 964 –966
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052284
- Type: Article
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Grating coupling strength effects in self-pulsating distributed feedback lasers were investigated. Choosing the coupling coefficient appropriately, improvements in the timing jitter as well as the injection locking sensitivity were observed experimentally. The results are attributed to a co-ordination of optical feedback strengths between dual lasing modes. - Author(s): B. Kögel ; M. Maute ; H. Halbritter ; S. Jatta ; G. Böhm ; M.-C. Amann ; P. Meissner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 966 –967
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052328
- Type: Article
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Concave curved micro-mirrors enable record high 2.8 mW singlemode emission from long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with large current apertures up to 12 µm. Higher-order transverse modes are suppressed by more than 48 dB, while polarisation control by a dominating mirror asymmetry is demonstrated after coupling 1.9 mW into a singlemode fibre.
Anomalous splitting in microwave mode-beating spectra of semiconductor ring lasers
Coupling coefficient dependence on oscillation frequency stability of self-pulsating DFB laser diodes
High singlemode output power from long-wavelength VCSELs using curved micro-mirrors for mode control
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- Author(s): M.J. Doménech-Benlloch ; J.M. Giménez-Guzmán ; J. Martínez-Bauset ; V. Casares-Giner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 967 –969
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051982
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a novel methodology for solving retrial systems which is based on the aggregation of levels of the Markov model beyond a given one. Its evaluation concludes that it is more accurate than previous approximations while requiring a low computational cost. - Author(s): R.F.H. Fischer and C. Siegl
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 969 –970
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051526
- Type: Article
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Transmission over channels that produce intersymbol interference is considered. New equalisation schemes derived from recently proposed lattice-reduction-aided equalisation of multiple-input/multiple-output channels are presented. The schemes exhibit low complexity, require no or only very little channel state information at the transmitter, and channel coding can be immediately applied. The connection to partial-response signalling and state-of-the-art equalisation schemes is explained. Numerical simulations show good performance of the equalisation scheme. - Author(s): J.W.P. Ng and A. Manikas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 970 –972
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052371
- Type: Article
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A blind near-far resistant MIMO array receiver employing diversely polarised array is proposed for asynchronous multipath DS-CDMA systems. By means of polarisation multiplexing, the proposed MIMO system is applicable in (i) data rate, (ii) diversity, or (iii) combinatorial maximisation schemes, without exhausting the limited spreading codes available.
Efficient and accurate methodology for solving multiserver retrial systems
Lattice-reduction-aided equalisation for transmission over intersymbol-interference channels
Polarisation-sensitive array in blind MIMO CDMA system
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- Author(s): H. Hu ; L. Pan ; D. Xu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 972 –973
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052039
- Type: Article
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An efficient and simple 3-ary (2,10) run-length limited (RLL) code for a three-level optical recording channel is presented. The proposed code can be represented by a finite state diagram with three states. The density ratio of the new code is 2.14 bits/minimum-recorded-mark, which is larger than that of the previous 3-ary (2,10) RLL code yet presented. The encoding and decoding rules for the code are also introduced and the method for reducing the DC content of the coded sequence is also discussed. - Author(s): Y. Zhu and I.J. Fair
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 973 –975
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052068
- Type: Article
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The minimum squared weight (MSW) criterion has been shown to yield excellent performance for DC-free multimode codes in terms of coding efficiency. However, it is demonstrated that the MSW criterion is not sufficient to guarantee the generation of DC-free sequences. To overcome this drawback, a modified MSW criterion is proposed that integrates the MSW criterion with a word-end running digital sum constraint that ensures DC balance.
3-ary (2,10) run-length limited code for optical storage channels
Modified minimum squared weight selection criterion for DC-free multimode codes
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- Author(s): K. Mori
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 975 –976
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051901
- Type: Article
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The intensity noise suppression of a supercontinuum lightwave is proposed and demonstrated by employing a Fabry-Perot filter following an optical amplifier. The signal-to-noise ratio of the optical carriers exceeded 40 dB for the first time for a 25 GHz SC-based multi-carrier source.
Supercontinuum lightwave source employing Fabry-Perot filter for generating optical carriers with high signal-to-noise ratio
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- Author(s): N.K. Berger ; B. Levit ; B. Fischer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 976 –978
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052323
- Type: Article
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Proposed and demonstrated is a novel method for time-domain interferometry of optical pulse trains that does not need light pulse splitting. The interference is between time-shifted pulse-train replicas produced in a dispersive delay line via the temporal fractional Talbot effect. A built-in advantage of the method is its low sensitivity to environmental disturbance. In the experiment the method was used to demonstrate phase characterisation of periodic optical pulses. - Author(s): D. Weiland ; M. Lützelschwab ; M.P.Y. Desmulliez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 978 –979
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051894
- Type: Article
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A method to manufacture two-dimensional bundles of singlemode optical fibres is described. Submicron translational alignment accuracy is demonstrated by combining electrostatic movement and optical monitoring of the actual fibre position in a closed loop feedback alignment system.
Phase measurement of periodic optical pulses using temporal fractional Talbot effect
Two-dimensional monomode fibre array manufacture using UV-LIGA process
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- Author(s): J.-H. Park ; M.-Y. Shin ; S.-J. Park ; M.-K. Han
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 979 –981
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051670
- Type: Article
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Highly reliable polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated by silicon nitride as an inter-layer dielectric (ILD), where the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride is considerably higher than that of silicon oxide. The experimental results showed that the threshold voltage of the n-type poly-Si TFT with the proposed silicon nitride ILD was not degraded after high-power stress because the silicon nitride ILD may disperses the heat in the poly-Si TFT channels, which possibly improved the reliability of poly-Si TFTs without sacrificing the electrical characteristics. - Author(s): I.H. Kang ; S.C. Kim ; W. Bahng ; N.K. Kim ; J.-I. Song
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 981 –982
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052133
- Type: Article
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A quasi-enhancement-mode (QE) HEMT having an improved low-frequency-noise characteristic was fabricated using a selective hydrogen pretreatment (SHP). The QE HEMT showed a reduction of low-frequency noise bulges compared with those of depletion-mode HEMT without an SHP, leading to a one-order smaller input noise spectral density at 100 Hz. - Author(s): N.-H. Kim ; Y. Kwon ; J. Park ; G.-P. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 982 –984
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052343
- Type: Article
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Gradational double annealing treatment improved the resistance characteristics of NiCr thin film enough to achieve sufficient thermal characteristics of an NiCr thin film heater by suppression of oxides and formation of large Ni-metal, small Ni-oxide, and little Cr-metal in the surface. - Author(s): F.M. Mohammed ; L. Wang ; H.J. Koo ; I. Adesida
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 984 –985
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051849
- Type: Article
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Incorporation of Si is shown to induce an improvement in the ohmic performance of Ti/Al/Mo/Au metallisation on MOCVD-grown AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. Optimised contact resistance (Rc) and specific contact resistivity (ρc) of Ti/Si/Al/Si/Mo/Au metallisation are 0.16 Ω · mm and 6.77×10−7 Ω · cm2 in comparison to 0.41 Ω · mm and 4.78×10−6 Ω · cm2 obtained for Ti/Al/Mo/Au metallisation. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis indicates that Si containing inter-metallics formation is responsible for enhancement of ohmic performance.
Effect of inter-layer dielectric on thermal reliability in poly-silicon thin film transistors
Improved low-frequency-noise characteristic of selectively hydrogen-pretreated quasi-enhancement HEMTs
Improvement of resistance characteristics of NiCr thin film by gradational double annealing process
Si-induced enhancement of ohmic performance of Ti/Al/Mo/Au metallisation for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
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- Author(s): R. Estepa ; A. Estepa ; J. Vozmediano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, p. 985 –987
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20051983
- Type: Article
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An easy closed form for prediction of the mean bit-rate of one conversation generated by SID-capable speech codecs as a function of the codec and the number of frames per packet used is presented. The predicted mean bit-rate is compared to measured data and to the traditional ON–OFF model prediction, demonstrating the accuracy of the model. Results can also be applied to the output link capacity dimensioning when several homogeneous voice sources are multiplexed.
Accurate prediction of VoIP traffic mean bit rate
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- Author(s): M. Hasib ; J. Schormans ; J. Pitts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, page: 987 –987
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052743
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): E. Yýlmaz and E. Dilaveroğlu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 41, Issue 17, page: 987 –987
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20052756
- Type: Article
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Erratum for ‘Probing limitations for packet loss probability measurement on buffered access links’
Erratum for ‘Asymptotic worst and best case Cramér-Rao bounds for estimation of parameters of low-frequency dampled sinusoid’
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article