Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 40, Issue 7, 1 April 2004
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Volume 40, Issue 7
1 April 2004
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- Author(s): A. Derneryd and G. Kristensson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 401 –402
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040296
- Type: Article
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Theory is presented that extends the analysis to signal correlation between any antennas in an array of elements. It is generalised to include non-identical elements and arbitrary load termination of passive antenna ports. The method is related to the power balance concept and based on the antenna impedance matrix. - Author(s): H. Aïssat ; L. Cirio ; M. Grzeskowiak ; J.-M. Laheurte ; O. Picon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 402 –403
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040276
- Type: Article
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A circular patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line is proposed to obtain circular polarisation (CP). The CP results from the combined excitation of the patch by an inclined slot (integrated in the CPW feedline) and the CPW feedline termination. The asymmetrical characteristics of the excitation involve the excitation of both the odd and the even modes in the CPW line. - Author(s): Y. Kim and D.-H. Kwon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 403 –405
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040302
- Type: Article
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A CPW-fed planar ultra-wideband antenna with hexagonal radiating elements is presented. The antenna also has a frequency band notch characteristic. By inserting a V-shaped thin slot on the hexagonal radiating element, the narrow frequency band notch has been created very close to the desired frequency. - Author(s): S. Wang ; A.P. Feresidis ; G. Goussetis ; J.C. Vardaxoglou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 405 –406
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040306
- Type: Article
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A planar artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground plane is proposed as a means to reduce the profile of a highly directive resonant cavity antenna. The structure is formed by a printed microstrip patch antenna and a superimposed partially reflective surface. The antenna profile is reduced to approximately half by virtue of employing the AMC ground plane. A ray theory model is used to qualitatively describe the functioning of the antenna and theoretically predict the existence of quarter wavelength resonant cavities. - Author(s): B. Wang ; Y. Wang ; Y. Guo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 406 –408
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040287
- Type: Article
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An innovative calibration method for mutual coupling of arbitrary array geometries is proposed. With the help of three carry-on instrumental sensors and some time-disjoint pilot sources in unknown directions, a favourable mutual coupling calibration can be achieved using a one-dimensional search. - Author(s): N. Behdad and K. Sarabandi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 408 –409
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040292
- Type: Article
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A new technique for bandwidth enhancement of microstrip-fed annular ring slot antennas is presented. Using this technique, a wideband antenna is designed that has consistent radiation parameters across the entire band and has a bandwidth that is six times larger than that of an ordinary ring antenna.
Antenna signal correlation and its relation to the impedance matrix
Circularly polarised planar antenna excited by coplanar waveguide feedline
CPW-fed planar ultra wideband antenna having a frequency band notch function
Low-profile resonant cavity antenna with artificial magnetic conductor ground plane
Mutual coupling calibration with instrumental sensors
Wideband double-element ring slot antenna
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- Author(s): C.T.Y. Sim ; C. Toumazou ; P.Y.K. Cheung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 409 –410
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040293
- Type: Article
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By exploring the principle of current division, a ratiometric current-steering rational implementation of a rational digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) is proposed. In this implementation, current scaling is achieved through ratios and, as a result, achieve greater independence from actual physical parameters and their associated non-idealities, resulting in the potential for achieving higher accuracy.
Ratiometric current-mode rational DAC
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- Author(s): H.K. Lam and F.H.F. Leung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 410 –412
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040285
- Type: Article
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A fuzzy controller, which is a fuzzy combination of linear state-feedback and switching controllers, is proposed for nonlinear systems subject to parameter uncertainties. By proper design of the proposed fuzzy controller, the chattering effect near the origin can be eliminated. The global system stability is also guaranteed. - Author(s): J. Rodríguez ; J. Pontt ; C. Silva ; R. Huerta ; H. Miranda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 412 –413
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040299
- Type: Article
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A new method for direct torque control (DTC) based on load angle control is developed. The use of simple equations to obtain the control algorithm makes it easier to understand and implement. Fixed switching frequency and low torque ripple are obtained using space vector modulation, overcoming the most important drawbacks of classic DTC.
Fuzzy combination of linear state-feedback and switching controllers
Simple direct torque control of induction machine using space vector modulation
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- Author(s): C. Traver ; J.C. Harden ; K. Goodjohn ; R.B. Reese
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 414 –415
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040303
- Type: Article
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Designs for asynchronous circuit modules that allow communication using level encoded dual-rail (LEDR) signalling between two circuits that operate at different computation rates are presented. Signal transition graphs and asynchronous flow tables are used to design these circuits to the gate and transistor level and they are simulated to validate functionality. - Author(s): K. Shin and T. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 415 –417
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040282
- Type: Article
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A new approach to the synthesis of arithmetic circuits to minimise leakage power consumption under circuit timing constraint is presented. This is believed to be the first work that addresses the minimisation of leakage power consumption in RTL synthesis of arithmetic circuits. The leakage optimisation is based on the use of dual-threshold voltage (Vt) technology. The proposed approach is performed in two phases: (i) a timing-driven synthesis and placement technique is applied to an arithmetic expression using FA/HA cells with high-Vt (i.e. slower but lower leakage power than that of low-Vt) to produce a synthesis and placement result with least leakage power consumption; (ii) a technique of minimally replacing the FA/HA cells with high-Vt from the result in (i) by FA/HA cells with low-Vt (i.e. more leakage power but faster than that of high-Vt) to meet the timing constraint of the circuit is applied. Experiments using a set of benchmark designs have shown the approach is quite effective, producing designs with on average 34.6% less leakage power over the conventional method without increasing circuit delay. - Author(s): H. Navarro ; J.A. Montiel-Nelson ; J. Sosa ; J.C. García ; D.Q.M. Fay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 417 –418
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040304
- Type: Article
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New approaches to the satisfiability problem (SAT) for register transfer level (RTL) designs combine arithmetic blocks with Boolean logic to form a mixed integer linear program (MILP). Two-to-one multiplexers with word-level inputs can be decomposed to logic gates, but it is more efficient to describe them in MILP constraints as arithmetic operators. Larger multiplexers are built using a multilevel selection tree. However, such an approach should be improved to optimise the overall efficiency in solving the SAT problem. Proposed is a new MILP model for multiplexers. Experimental results indicate a 50% decrease in the number of constraints and a reduction in MILP complexity from Ω(N2.4) to Ω(N1.7), measured in CPU time.
Asynchronous rate divider and multiplier designs for LEDR logic
Leakage power minimisation in arithmetic circuits
Multiplexer model for RTL satisfiability using MILP
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- Author(s): P. Ou ; P. Yan ; M.L. Gong ; W.L. Wei ; Y.Y. Yuan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 418 –419
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040283
- Type: Article
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A multi-coupler side-pumped Yb-doped double-clad fibre laser with output power of 1.38 W and slope efficiency of 48.9% by the fibre angle-polished method is demonstrated. Its pump light leakage at the fibre coupler is also investigated experimentally and theoretically.
Multi-coupler side-pumped Yb-doped double-clad fibre laser and pump light leakage at coupler
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- Author(s): H.T. Philipp ; K.N. Andersen ; W. Svendsen ; H. Ou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 419 –421
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040308
- Type: Article
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Amorphous silicon rich silicon nitride optical waveguides clad in silica are presented as a high-index contrast platform for high-density integrated optics. Performance of different cross-sectional geometries have been measured and are presented with regards to bending loss and insertion loss. A sample double ring add-drop filter is presented. - Author(s): A.K. Mairaj ; R.J. Curry ; D.W. Hewak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 421 –422
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040307
- Type: Article
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The fabrication of optical chalcogenide glass thin films through inverted deposition and high velocity spinning is presented. Good quality films up to 275 µm thick of this infrared transmitting material, with propagation loss of 0.3 dB cm−1 at 1.064 µm, were engineered using this technique. - Author(s): K.S. Chiang ; C.K. Chow ; H.P. Chan ; Q. Liu ; K.P. Lor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 422 –424
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040284
- Type: Article
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A long-period waveguide grating in a polymer channel waveguide, which consisted of a benzocyclobutene core and an epoxy cladding, has been fabricated. By changing the stress in the waveguide through etching of the cladding width, a polarisation-insensitive resonance wavelength thermo-tunable from 1520 to 1610 nm with a temperature range of only 8°C was achieved.
Amorphous silicon rich silicon nitride optical waveguides for high density integrated optics
Chalcogenide glass thin films through inverted deposition and high velocity spinning
Widely tunable polymer long-period waveguide grating with polarisation-insensitive resonance wavelength
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- Author(s): A. Salhi ; Y. Rouillard ; J. Angellier ; P. Grech ; A. Vicet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 424 –425
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040281
- Type: Article
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Double quantum well laser diodes based on the GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb system emitting at 2.61 µm in continuous-wave regime have been fabricated. In the pulsed regime for a 100 µm-wide 1600 µm-long device a record threshold current density of 76 A/cm2 per quantum well was obtained. - Author(s): A. Martinez ; J.-G. Provost ; B. Dagens ; V. Sallet ; D. Jahan ; K. Merghem ; L. Ferlazzo ; J. Landreau ; O. Le Gouezigou ; J.-C. Harmand ; A. Ramdane
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 425 –427
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040305
- Type: Article
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High frequency characterisation of three-quantum well GaInNAs/GaAs lasers operating at 1.35 µm is reported. A relaxation frequency as high as 7.4 GHz and a 9.7 GHz small-signal bandwidth are demonstrated, indicating the potential for high bit rate (10 Gbit/s) direct modulation of these dilute nitrides on GaAs devices. - Author(s): D. Gollub ; S. Moses ; M. Fischer ; M. Kamp ; A. Forchel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 427 –428
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040279
- Type: Article
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For the first time, GaAs-based 1.5 µm singlemode emission has been realised utilising GaInNAs active-layer material and lateral distributed feedback. The double quantum well separate confinement laser structure was grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. A threshold current of 240 mA and an external efficiency of 0.11 W/A could be demonstrated with a sidemode suppression ratio of better than 26 dB in pulsed operation. Singlemode emission up to 1506.5 nm has been realised. - Author(s): J. Muszalski ; J. Houlihan ; G. Huyet ; B. Corbett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 428 –430
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040270
- Type: Article
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p.
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Measurements of the linewidth enhancement factor (also termed the α-parameter) for quantum dot semiconductor lasers emitting at 1310 nm in both single and multiple transverse modes are presented. Values between 1.5 and 3.0 were measured depending on the device length. In addition, its spectral dependence within the inhomogeneously broadened ground and excited state is investigated. - Author(s): M. Maute ; F. Riemenschneider ; G. Böhm ; H. Halbritter ; M. Ortsiefer ; R. Shau ; P. Meissner ; M.-C. Amann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 430 –431
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040297
- Type: Article
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A novel two-chip concept for an electrically pumped and micro-electro-mechanically tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, with an emission wavelength in the 1.5 µm range, is presented. Continuous tuning over 30 nm in singlemode operation has been shown. - Author(s): B.S. Williams ; S. Kumar ; Q. Hu ; J.L. Reno
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 431 –433
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040300
- Type: Article
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The development of quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) at 2.1 THz (λ≃141 µm), which is the longest wavelength QCL to date without the assistance of magnetic fields, is reported. This laser uses a structure based on resonant-phonon depopulation, and a metal–metal waveguide to obtain high modal confinement with low waveguide losses. Lasing was observed up to a heatsink temperature of 72 K in pulsed mode and 40 K in continuous-wave (CW) mode, and 1.2 mW of power was obtained in CW mode at 17 K.
2.61 µm GaInAsSb/AIGaAsSb type I quantum well laser diodes with low threshold
9.7 GHz small-signal bandwidth of three-quantum well GaInNAs/GaAs laser diodes operating at 1.35 µm
GaInNAs-based distributed feedback laser diodes emitting at 1.5 µm
Measurement of linewidth enhancement factor in self-assembled quantum dot semiconductor lasers emitting at 1310 nm
Micro-mechanically tunable long wavelength VCSEL with buried tunnel junction
Resonant-phonon terahertz quantum-cascade laser operating at 2.1 THz (λ≃141 µm)
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- Author(s): J.-S. Park ; J.-S. Yun ; C.-S. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 433 –434
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040260
- Type: Article
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A novel defected ground structure (DGS) microstrip resonator is proposed. The proposed DGS resonator has the resonant and anti-resonant characteristic that is very similar to those of a surface acoustic wave resonator or a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR). To confirm the validity of the proposed resonator, bandpass filters were designed and implemented using series and parallel resonators. - Author(s): B. Carey-Smith ; P.A. Warr ; M.A. Beach ; T. Nesimoglu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 434 –436
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040291
- Type: Article
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A wide tuning range filter is proposed based on lumped-distributed capacitively-coupled transmission lines. The proposed structure maintains a constant inter-resonator coupling factor over a wide centre-frequency tuning range leading to a constant fractional bandwidth design. A bandpass filter with a two-octave tuning range has been designed, fabricated and measured.
DGS resonator with interdigital capacitor and application to bandpass filter design
Tunable lumped-distributed capacitively-coupled transmission-line filter
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- Author(s): R. Ratasuk ; W. Xiao ; A. Ghosh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 436 –437
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040286
- Type: Article
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An adaptive algorithm for selecting rate matching parameters has been developed to satisfy the operating frame error rate requirements for simultaneous services in 3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) under Rayleigh fading channels. The results show that the adaptive algorithm can achieve the target error rates for multiplexed services of varying data rates and types, and only requires a few adjustments for convergence. - Author(s): A. Santoso ; J. Choi ; C.C. Lim ; B. Vucetic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 437 –439
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040246
- Type: Article
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In most commercial wideband code division multiple access systems, the transmitted signal in the downlink channel is spread by orthogonal codes to accommodate different users. However, frequency selective fading destroys the orthogonality and causes multiple access interference. Application of a chip level decision feedback equaliser with the Alamouti transmit diversity scheme is proposed to restore the orthogonality of the received spreading sequences. - Author(s): P.L. Royds and J.M.H. Elmirghani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 439 –440
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040244
- Type: Article
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Minimum delay in an ad hoc network may be traded for improved network scalability in terms of per-node throughput. However, the precise effect on the subsequent network delay is as yet unknown. The benefits of two routing possibilities are compared quantitatively, and their delay characteristics evaluated. For a fully scalable network topology, delays of a few minutes are found for one routing example, and just a few seconds for the other when implemented in a normal indoor pedestrian environment. - Author(s): P. Varzakas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 440 –442
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040242
- Type: Article
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A hybrid direct-sequence/slow frequency hopping code-division multiple-access (DS/SFH-CDMA) system operating in Rayleigh fading is described and its spectral efficiency is estimated in terms of the theoretically achievable average channel capacity (in the sense of information theory) per user. The analysis covers the operation over a broadcast cellular time-varying link and leads to a simple, novel closed-form expression for the optimal number of simultaneously active users per cell based on the maximisation of the achieved spectral efficiency.
Adaptive radio resource assignment for simultaneous services
Chip level decision feedback equaliser for CDMA downlink with space-time coding
Delay characteristics of diverse ad hoc networks
Optimal radio capacity for hybrid DS/SFH CDMA system in cellular radio
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- Author(s): G.-K. Chang and J. Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 442 –444
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040278
- Type: Article
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It has been experimentally demonstrated for the first time that 40 Gbit/s payload and 2.5 Gbit/s label are generated and transmitted by using the optical carrier suppression and separation (OCSS) technique. The power penalty for both the 40 Gbit/s payload and 2.5 Gbit/s label is less than 0.5 dB after they are transmitted over 100 km SMF-28 as well as DCF full-compensation fibre. - Author(s): T. Tokle ; C.R. Davidson ; M. Nissov ; J.-X. Cai ; D. Foursa ; A. Pilipetskii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 444 –445
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040274
- Type: Article
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The first transoceanic transmission experiment using optical differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) is presented. The long-haul transmission capabilities of RZ-DQPSK in a 64-channel WDM system have been demonstrated by transmitting 12.5 Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK - Author(s): J. Suzuki ; K. Taira ; Y. Fukuchi ; Y. Ozeki ; T. Tanemura ; K. Kikuchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 445 –446
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040258
- Type: Article
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A novel scheme for all-optical time-division add-drop multiplexing based on an optical Kerr shutter is proposed. Using the proposed scheme, exchange of 10 Gbit/s tributary channels between two 40 Gbit/s optical time-division multiplexing signals is demonstrated. - Author(s): P. Ossieur ; Y.C. Yi ; J. Bauwelinck ; X.Z. Qiu ; J. Vandewege ; E. Gilon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 447 –448
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040295
- Type: Article
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A 1.25 Gbit/s DC-coupled burst-mode receiver for gigabit passive optical networks (GPON) is presented. By the use of fast but accurate amplitude recovery circuitry with offset compensation, a receiver sensitivity of −30.2 dBm and a dynamic range of 20.2 dB were achieved at an avalanche gain of 6. - Author(s): G. Aubin ; J. Sapriel ; V.Ya. Molchanov ; R. Gabet ; P. Grosso ; S. Gosselin ; Y. Jaouen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 448 –449
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040280
- Type: Article
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The performance of an acousto-optic based 8-to-8 vector-matrix switch is reported. The feasibility of cascading multichannel acousto-optic cells is experimentally investigated for the first time. Characterisation is carried out from fibre to fibre with BER measurement at 10 Gbit/s and exhibits no crosstalk effects within WDM C-bandwidth, low polarisation sensitivity and fast switching.
40 Gbit/s payload and 2.5 Gbit/s label generation using optical carrier suppression and separation
6500 km transmission of RZ-DQPSK WDM signals
All-optical time-division add-drop multiplexer using optical fibre Kerr shutter
DC-coupled 1.25 Gbit/s burst-mode receiver with automatic offset compensation
Multichannel acousto-optic cells for fast optical crossconnect
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- Author(s): J. Azaña
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 449 –451
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040259
- Type: Article
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The fact that temporal Talbot (self-imaging) effects of periodic optical pulse sequences are not necessarily restricted to first-order dispersive media is demonstrated and the required conditions for achieving integer and fractional Talbot phenomena in a general dispersive medium are derived. These results are of interest for implementing lossless pulse repetition rate multiplication using customised allpass phase-optical filters.
Pulse repetition rate multiplication using phase-only filtering
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- Author(s): S.-K. Chung ; Y.-J. Song ; P.N. Enjeti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 451 –452
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040289
- Type: Article
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A current-fed high frequency link inverter, with an active input filter for the AC power supply using the battery or fuel cell, is presented. The circuit topology and operation are investigated, and experimental results are provided to show the validity of the proposed scheme.
Current-fed high-frequency link inverter with active input filter
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- Author(s): K.L. Tsakmakidis ; L. Gomez-Rojas ; I.D. Robertson ; O. Hess ; P.A. Houston ; B. Weiss
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 452 –454
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040248
- Type: Article
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Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain modelling of a travelling-wave heterojunction phototransistor is presented. The electromagnetic model allows the simultaneous simulation of the optical and microwave properties of the travelling-wave structure. The results clearly demonstrate the effect of velocity mismatch between the optical wave and the photogenerated electrical wave.
FDTD modelling of velocity mismatch in travelling-wave heterojunction phototransistor
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- Author(s): D. Vigliano and A. Uncini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 7, p. 454 –456
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040243
- Type: Article
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The proof is given that the so called ‘mirror model’ as demixing model is able to recover original sources after non-trivial mixing. The issue explored is the capability to separate sources, in a blind way, after the convolutive mixing of post nonlinear (PNL) mixtures. The strictness of that kind of mixture produces non-trivial problems in separating signals without any adequate assumption on recovering architecture.
‘Mirror model’ gives separation of convolutive mixing of PNL mixtures
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article
